Tiempo de vida de las restauraciones dentales libres de metal: revisión sistemática / Lifetime of metal-free dental restorations: a systematic review

En la actualidad existen muchos materiales dentales para la restauraciónestética, sin embargo, su tiempo de vida clínico no se conoce ampliamente. Objetivo: Identificar las publicaciones recientes de los materiales de restauración libre de metal que incluyan estudios clínicos. Metodología: La búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se realizó en bases de datos de PubMed y SciELO; se consideraron publicacionesdel 2010-2015 y que fueran investigaciones clínicas exclusivamente.Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: Veneer crowns, dental restorationsfree metal, metal free crowns, aesthetic crowns y restauraciones libres de metal, coronas de silicato de litio, tipos de cerámicas. Resultados: Se revisaron 40 artículos y 20 cumplieron con los criterios de selección para la revisión bibliográfica. Todas las restauraciones protésicas libres de metal muestran un desempeño clínico muy similar a los tres años. Las restauraciones de zirconia y disilicato de litio por CAD mostraronel mejor éxito clínico. Conclusión: El éxito clínico de las restauracioneslibres de metal de esta revisión de la literatura muestra que van de un92.7 al 100 por ciento a tres o más años de seguimiento...

Utilización de propóleos en odontología / The use of propolis in dentistry

El propóleos es un producto natural elaborado por las abejas a partir de la secreción que recogen de ciertas especies vegetales y que, luego de modificarlas con sus secreciones salivares, lo transportan al interior de la colmena. Así, el propóleos es responsable directo de garantizar la asepsia de la colmena. Múltiples investigaciones científicas atribuyeronal propóleos propiedades antioxidantes, antibacterianas, antivirales, fungicidas, cicatrizantes, antiinflamatorias, anestésicas, inmunomoduladoras antitumorales. Asimismo, en bastas investigaciones se comprobó que el propóleos actúa inhibiendo la actividad de los Streptococo mutans, principal microorganismo productor de caries dental. Esto motivó la realización de la presente revisión bibliográfica sobre las propiedades y utilización del propóleos en odontología.

Propolis is a natural product made by bees fromcollecting secretion of certain plant speciesand, after modifying their salivary secretions,transported into the hive. So propolis is directlyresponsible for ensuring the cleanliness of the hive.Multiple scientific research attributed to propolisantioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, fungicide, healing,anti-inflammatory, anesthetic,immunomodulatory and antitumor properties.Also in rough investigations it was foundthat propolis acts by inhibiting the activityof Streptococcus mutans, the main producingmicroorganism tooth decay. This led to therealization of this literature review on theproperties and use of propolis in dentistry.

Porcelanas dentales, 2da parte: clasificación según el método de elaboración de la restauración / Dental porcelains, 2nd part: classification according to the elaboration method of the restoration

Las restauraciones elaboradas con porcelana ocupan un lugar central en la odontología restauradora y rehabilitadora estética. Las propiedades físicas y estéticas, indicaciones clínicas y técnica de trabajo de las porcelanas dentales están íntimamente relacionadas con su composición y estructura. Su comprensión se convierte en decisiva para el exitoso trabajo del clínico.(AU)

Porcelanas dentales, 2da parte: clasificación según el método de elaboración de la restauración / Dental porcelains, 2nd part: classification according to the elaboration method of the restoration

Las restauraciones elaboradas con porcelana ocupan un lugar central en la odontología restauradora y rehabilitadora estética. Las propiedades físicas y estéticas, indicaciones clínicas y técnica de trabajo de las porcelanas dentales están íntimamente relacionadas con su composición y estructura. Su comprensión se convierte en decisiva para el exitoso trabajo del clínico.

Host tissue interaction, fate, and risks of degradable and nondegradable gel fillers.

BACKGROUND: A constantly increasing number of gel fillers for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes have been introduced during the last 20 years. Most of the new ones are modified versions of the original collagen and hyaluronic acid gels. They have been reconstructed, often by adding cross-bindings to the polymer in order to obtain a more dense molecular structure, which will prolong degradation and filling effect of the gel. Other gel fillers contain particles of organic (poly-lactic acid) or inorganic (calcium hydroxylapatite) material, which have been used in human tissue for other purposes (degradable suture material and bone cement, respectively). The permanent fillers (silicone oil and polyacrylamide gel) have been used for many years, silicone mainly in the US and polyacrylamide gel in most countries outside the US and Canada. OBJECTIVE: Complications occur, and they appear to be more frequent with particulated fillers, polyacrylamide gel and silicone oil. However, these complications differ in nature and depend on the filler type used. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This overview presents the different gel filler types, how they interact with host tissue, and what can go wrong. The results and conclusion are based on experimental and clinical observations coupled with a search of the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Complications following homogenous hydrogels are caused by infection with bacteria, which have been inserted into the gel during injection. If not treated with relevant antibiotics (but instead steroids or large doses of NSAIDs) the bacteria form a biofilm, which gives rise to a low-grade chronic infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Complications following particulated gels and silicone oil are not known, but bacteria in a biofilm and/or endotoxins released by these is a possibility which deserves further investigations, primarily by using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique.

Avoiding and treating dermal filler complications.

All fillers are associated with the risk of both early and late complications. Early side effects such as swelling, redness, and bruising occur after intradermal or subdermal injections. The patient has to be aware of and accept these risks. Adverse events that last longer than 2 weeks can be attributable to technical shortcomings (e.g., too superficial an implantation of a long-lasting filler substance). Such adverse events can be treated with intradermal 5-fluorouracil, steroid injections, vascular lasers, or intense pulsed light, and later with dermabrasion or shaving. Late adverse events also include immunologic phenomena such as late-onset allergy and nonallergic foreign body granuloma. Both react well to intralesional steroid injections, which often have to be repeated to establish the right dose. Surgical excisions shall remain the last option and are indicated for hard lumps in the lips and visible hard nodules or hard granuloma in the subcutaneous fat.

[Research development of hydroxyapatite-based composites used as hard tissue replacement].

Hydroxyapatite has been considered as the most promising materials for hard tissue replacements, due to its similar chemical composition and crystallographic structure to that of bone mineral. But the brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. Therefore, various HA composites get much attention. In the present paper, HA composites were introduced according to the kind of reinforcement. Although bioactive ceramics, bioactive glass or glass-ceramic, bio-inactive ceramics, polymers and metals all have been used to fabricate HA composites, no one can well satisfy the requirements for hard tissue replacement. The vital problem of the existing HA composites is that the biological properties cannot match with the mechanical properties well.

Bioceramics in orthopaedic surgery: state of the art and preliminary results.

Ceramic materials utilized in orthopaedic surgery can be divided into bioinert, causing minimum tissue reaction, and bioactive types, capable of stimulating bone tissue growth, establishing a bond capable of supporting physiological loads. Alumina is a bioinert ceramic which shows excellent mechanical resistance and an extremely low level of wear when given appropriate structural characteristics. It is therefore used to make prosthetic hip components (head and acetabulum), to coat metal prosthetic shafts and to make prostheses for small joints. Among the bioactive ceramics, bioglass, bioglaze and hydroxylapatite are included in the study. At present, bioglass and bioglaze appear interesting, but not sufficiently so as to find a precise niche in orthopaedic surgery. Currently the bioactive ceramic with the most possibilities for use in orthopaedic surgery is hydroxylapatite. The close interfacial bond which is established with bone tissue allows it to be used as a filler for defective bones in various skeletal diseases and as a coating for metal prosthetic substrates.