Wound-healing properties of Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) in skin and mucosa injuries: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review will map the literature on the types of research and methods used to investigate the wound-healing properties of Stryphnodendron adstringens ( barbatimão ) in skin and mucosa injuries. INTRODUCTION: Barbatimão is a Brazilian native plant and its wound-healing properties have been described in literature since the colonial period. It is one of the 71 plants included in the Brazilian health system's national list of medicinal plants of interest. However, existing literature reviews on the subject are limited, not comprehensive, lack a search strategy, and lack peer review. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will include all types of published and unpublished sources that investigate the wound-healing properties of barbatimão to treat any type of skin or mucosa injury in humans, animals, or in vitro, in any context. METHODS: A scoping review will be conducted following JBI methodology. The main databases to be searched will include Embase (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, PubMed (EBSCOhost), ScienceDirect, Lilacs, SciELO, CUIDEN, MOSAICO, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar. Unpublished studies will also be considered. Two independent reviewers will examine titles and abstracts and select and read full-text sources for possible inclusion. Subsequently, the reviewers will extract and synthesize the data, which will be presented as a map, diagram, or table, according to the review objectives. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework osf.io/w57m4.

Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy with a 915 Nm Wavelength Diode Laser on the Healing of Intraoral Mucosal Wound: An Animal Study and a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background and objectives: Diode laser has been the most popular low-level laser therapy (LLLT) technique in dentistry due to its good tissue penetration, lower financial costs, small size for portable application, and convenience to use. A series of recent studies with 940 nm or 980 nm lasers demonstrated that LLLT showed positive effects after third molar extraction or periodontal flap surgery. However, the effects of LLLT on intraoral mucosal wound healing after surgical incision have not yet been determined in human clinical study. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of 915 nm wavelength low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in mucosal wound healing. A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. They were divided into three groups: Abrasive wound group, immediate LLLT once group, and daily LLLT group. As a clinical study, a total of 16 patients with split-mouth design subjected to bilateral mandibular third molar extraction were allocated into the LLLT group and placebo group. The process of LLLT was performed on postoperative days 0, 1, and 7, and parameters related to wound healing were analyzed on days 1, 7, and 14. Results: Repeated laser irradiation promoted mucosal wound healing of the rats. In the clinical study, although there were no significant statistical differences between the LLLT and placebo groups in all inflammatory parameters, the early stage mucosal healing tendency of wound dehiscence was higher in the LLLT group than in the placebo group clinically on postoperative day 1. Conclusions: The present results showed that 915 nm LLLT could be applied safely as an auxiliary therapy for mucosal wound healing.

Does resectoscope size play a role in formation of urethral stricture following transurethral prostate resection?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate the possible effect of resectoscope size on urethral stricture rate after monopolar TURP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 71 men undergoing TURP was conducted at two centers' from November 2009 to May 2013. The patients were divided into one of two groups according to the resectoscope diameter used for TURP. Resectoscope diameter was 24 F in group 1 (n=35) or 26 F in group 2 (n=36). Urethral catheter type, catheter removal time and energy type were kept constant for all patients. Urethral stricture formation in different localizations after TURP was compared between groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, pre-operative prostate gland volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximal urinary flow rates (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and post-voiding residual urine volume (PVR). The resection time and weight of resected prostate tissue were similar for both groups (p>0.05). A statistically significant higher incidence of bulbar stricture was detected in group 2 compared to group 1 (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The use of small-diameter resectoscope shafts may cause a reduction in the incidence of uretral strictures in relation to urethral friction and mucosal damage.

Does resectoscope size play a role in formation of urethral stricture following transurethral prostate resection?

ABSTRACTBackground and aims:To investigate the possible effect of resectoscope size on urethral stricture rate after monopolar TURP.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study of 71 men undergoing TURP was conducted at two centers’ from November 2009 to May 2013. The patients were divided into one of two groups according to the resectoscope diameter used for TURP. Resectoscope diameter was 24 F in group 1 (n=35) or 26 F in group 2 (n=36). Urethral catheter type, catheter removal time and energy type were kept constant for all patients. Urethral stricture formation in different localizations after TURP was compared between groups.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, pre-operative prostate gland volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximal urinary flow rates (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and post-voiding residual urine volume (PVR). The resection time and weight of resected prostate tissue were similar for both groups (p>0.05). A statistically significant higher incidence of bulbar stricture was detected in group 2 compared to group1 (p=0.018).Conclusions:The use of small-diameter resectoscope shafts may cause a reduction in the incidence of uretral strictures in relation to urethral friction and mucosal damage.

Mucosal trauma induced apoptosis in guinea pig middle ear: comparision of hemostatic agents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS), microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), and Ankaferd on wound healing after middle ear trauma and to evaluate their ototoxicity in an experimental guinea pig model. METHODS: Middle ear mucosal trauma was created in 21 healthy adult guinea pigs. MPH, Ankaferd, and AGS were applied into the right tympanic bulla of the guinea pigs (7 ears for each treatment modality). The left ears of the seven animals were used as the sham group. At the fourth postoperative week (28-30 days), the guinea pigs were decapitated. Apoptosis was investigated, and the expression of Bcl-xl, Apaf, p53, cytochrome 3, and caspase 3 were evaluated. RESULTS: The Ankaferd and AGS groups demonstrated significantly lower epithelial thickness, inflammation, and capillary dilatation than did the control group (p<0.001, <0.001, /0.001, <0.001/, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in Bcl-xl staining was observed in the middle ears of animals treated with MPH (p=0.003). There was significantly higher caspase 3 expression in the Ankaferd and AGS groups than in the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Light microscopy indicates that Ankaferd and AGS create less inflammation and increased caspase expression, which seems to induce inflammatory cell apoptosis. Ankaferd seems to be a promising hemostatic agent in otology.

Sinus membrane lift using a water balloon followed by bone grafting and implant placement: a 28-case report.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a minimally invasive sinus lift using an inflatable water balloon followed by bone grafting and implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients with a single tooth missing in the posterior maxilla underwent a water balloon sinus lift, followed by bone grafting and implant placement. Baseline bone height was 4.92 +/- 1.24 mm. Implant site preparation employed a pilot drill and osteotomy followed by water balloon elevation. The mean inflated balloon volume was 0.67 +/- 0.17 mL. Bio-Oss was filled under the elevated sinus membrane using a dedicated instrument. Twenty-eight total implants (diameter: 3.8 to 5.0 mm) were placed. Pre- and postoperative panoramic films or computed tomographs (optional) were taken for every case to measure and compare the results of the sinus membrane lift using a water balloon. Postoperative patient reactions including swelling, discoloration, discomfort, hematomas, and disability were recorded. RESULTS: Successful sinus membrane water balloon lifting procedures were performed in 26 cases; two procedures were aborted due to sinus membrane perforation. A total of 26 implants were placed. The mean inflated balloon volume was 0.67 +/- 0.17 mL and radiographic examination showed the mean elevated height by balloon to be 10.9 +/- 2.06 mm. Computed tomography showed the bone graft distributing evenly around implants. Patients were extremely pleased with the results and needed very little medical attention after surgery. The mean follow-up was 15.9 +/- 2.94 months. One implant was lost due to infection. CONCLUSION: The use of a water balloon to elevate the sinus membrane is a truly minimally invasive technique and is associated with very little discomfort. This method has encouraging results, is easy to learn, and is associated with low complication rates.

High-temperature beverages and foods and esophageal cancer risk--a systematic review.

Coffee, tea and maté may cause esophageal cancer (EC) by causing thermal injury to the esophageal mucosa. If so, the risk of EC attributable to thermal injury could be large in populations in which these beverages are commonly consumed. In addition, these drinks may cause or prevent EC via their chemical constituents. Therefore, a large number of epidemiologic studies have investigated the association of an indicator of amount or temperature of use of these drinks or other hot foods and beverages with risk of EC. We conducted a systematic review of these studies and report the results for amount and temperature of use separately. By searching PubMed and the ISI, we found 59 eligible studies. For coffee and tea, there was little evidence for an association between amount of use and EC risk; however, the majority of studies showed an increased risk of EC associated with higher drinking temperature which was statistically significant in most of them. For maté drinking, the number of studies was limited, but they consistently showed that EC risk increased with both amount consumed and temperature, and these 2 were independent risk factors. For other hot foods and drinks, over half of the studies showed statistically significant increased risks of EC associated with higher temperature of intake. Overall, the available results strongly suggest that high-temperature beverage drinking increases the risk of EC. Future studies will require standardized strategies that allow for combining data and results should be reported by histological subtypes of EC.

Prilocaine-phenylephrine topical anesthesia for repair of mucous membrane lacerations.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of prilocaine-phenylephrine (Prilophen), a new topical anesthetic that does not contain cocaine, to that of lidocaine infiltration during repair of lacerations on or near mucous membranes in children. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, blinded trial. SETTING: The emergency department of a large academic children's hospital. PATIENTS: Children one year of age or older with a laceration 5 cm or less in length on or near a mucous membrane. INTERVENTIONS: Forty patients were randomly assigned one of the two local anesthetics, with 20 patients in each treatment group. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain felt during suturing was scored by suture technicians, research assistants, a videotape reviewer, parents, and patients five years of age and older using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in performance between topical Prilophen and lidocaine infiltration when VAS pain scores of research assistants, parents, and patients were compared. However, lidocaine infiltration performed significantly better than topical Prilophen when comparing VAS scores of suture technicians (P = 0.003) and the videotape reviewer (P = 0.02). When power analyses were performed using alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20, it was possible to detect a difference of 2 units for VAS scores of suture technicians, 2 VAS units for research assistants, 3 VAS units for the videotape reviewer and parents, and 7 VAS units for patients. There were no wound healing or other complications. CONCLUSIONS: Prilophen is a new topical anesthetic alternative to lidocaine infiltration for closure of lacerations on or near mucous membranes, where use of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine is contraindicated. The performance of Prilophen was rated by two of the observer groups as statistically inferior to that of lidocaine infiltration; however, the differences in pain scores were small and may not be clinically significant. Further investigation of this new topical anesthetic is warranted.

Tetracaine-lidocaine-phenylephrine topical anesthesia compared with lidocaine infiltration during repair of mucous membrane lacerations in children.

This study compared the effectiveness of a new topical anesthetic, tetracaine-lidocaine-phenylephrine (TetraLidoPhen), with that of lidocaine infiltration during repair of mucous membrane lacerations in children. It was conducted in the emergency department of an urban children's hospital with use of a prospective, randomized, blinded study design. Participants were 90 children 1 year of age or older with a laceration 5 cm or less in length on or near a mucous membrane that required suturing. They were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, with 45 patients in each group. Pain felt during suturing was scored by suture technicians, research assistants, a videotape reviewer, parents, and patients 5 years of age and older using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Suture technicians, research assistants, a videotape reviewer, and parents also scored pain using a seven-point Likert scale. In addition, suture technicians completed an Anesthesia Effectiveness scale and a Wound Blanching scale. The laceration was located near the eyes in 71 patients (79%), and on or near the lips in 19 (21%). Lidocaine infiltration performed significantly better than topical TetraLidoPhen in comparisons of Likert scores of suture technicians (P = 0.007), research assistants (P = 0.005), the videotape reviewer (P = 0.003), and parents (P = 0.03); Anesthetic Effectiveness scale scores of suture technicians (P = 0.00002; relative risk (RR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.36 < RR < 2.46); and VAS scores of suture technicians (P = 0.002), research assistants (P = 0.001), and the videotape reviewer (P = 0.005). No significant difference in performance was detected between lidocaine and TetraLidoPhen in comparing VAS scores of parents and patients. There was a 4.4% wound complication rate, including two (2.2%) wound infections. The authors conclude that TetraLidoPhen is a new topical anesthetic that appears to be safe when applied on or near mucous membranes. Its performance among study participants was statistically inferior to that of lidocaine infiltration; however, the differences in pain scores were small and may not be clinically significant. Also, comparisons of pain scores in this study did not take into account the pain associated with the initial injection of lidocaine. Therefore, study findings may underestimate the comparative performance of TetraLidoPhen. Further investigation of this new topical anesthetic is warranted.