Music Therapy Private Practice in the United States: Updated Financial and Marketing Recommendations.

More and more music therapists in the United States are entering into private practice. For a private practice to survive, a therapist must make sound financial and marketing decisions that can have wide-ranging implications on the success of the business. Clear and current recommendations from music therapists in private practice can help those wanting to go into private practice as well as those already in private practice. The purpose of this study was to identify a current descriptive profile of music therapists in private practice in the United States as well as marketing and financial recommendations. In addition, comparing this survey with previous surveys can reveal possible trends in the field. Music therapists (N = 745) who self-identified as being self-employed or in private practice were sent a survey designed by the researchers. A total of 193 respondents returned the survey revealing that current therapists in private practice are better educated and value the internet and social media for marketing and session implementation more than respondents of previous surveys. Respondents recommend that music therapists in private practice continually learn by taking business classes and consulting with business experts; diversify funding sources, service options, and populations served; and connect with music therapists and nonmusic therapists in the community.

A Survey of Music Therapists Working in Pediatric Medical Settings in the United States.

Music therapy is becoming a standard supportive care service in many pediatric hospitals across the United States. However, more detailed information is needed to advance our understanding about current clinical practice and increase availability of pediatric music therapy services. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to collect and summarize data about music therapists working in pediatric medical settings. Specifically, we collected information about (1) therapist demographics, (2) organizational structure, (3) service delivery and clinical practice, and (4) administrative/supervisory responsibilities. Board-certified music therapists working in pediatric medical settings (n = 118) completed a 37-item online questionnaire. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings indicated that there is a ratio of approximately one music therapist for every 100 patient beds, that one-third of respondents are the only music therapist in their setting, and that half of the surveyed positions are philanthropically funded. Prioritizing patient referrals based on acuity was common (95.7%, n = 110), with palliative care and pain as the most highly prioritized needs. More than half of respondents reported serving in high acuity areas such as the pediatric intensive care, hematology/oncology, or neonatal intensive care units. We recommend replication of this survey in five years to examine growth and change in service delivery among pediatric music therapists over time, with additional studies to (a) explore how therapist-to-patient ratios influence quality of care, (b) identify factors that contribute to sustainability of programs, and (c) determine how expansion of services support a broader population of patients and families.

Value of music.

Groups that engage residents in singing, dancing or music are becoming common in care homes, and are likely to have health and social benefits for many people.

A Política das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares do SUS: o relato da implementação em uma unidade de ensino e serviço de saúde / SUS integrative and complementary practices politics: report of the implementation in an education and health care service

Percebendo que a Política das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares do SUS ainda é desconhecida por muitos profissionais de saúde, realizamos o relato de experiência da aplicação das práticas integrativas e complementares em uma Unidade de Ensino e Serviço de Saúde. Objetivo: avaliar os desafios da aplicação dessas práticas na unidade e analisar a percepção dos usuários e da equipe de saúde, frente a essas práticas. Método: se trata de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, de caráter qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade de Ensino e Serviço de Saúde em uma Universidade do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de abril a junho do ano de 2016, totalizando 28 pessoas envolvidas na implementação das práticas. Resultados: na prática da aromaterapia, utilizando óleos florais, três usuários negaram-se a participar, e os demais usuários, parabenizaram o trabalho, relatando sentir uma melhora no bem-estar físico. A técnica musicoterapia foi aplicada a 3 usuários, que relataram que o ambiente proporcionou calma e alívio da tensão nervosa que sentiam. Na aplicação da musicoterapia e aromaterapia aos membros da equipe, estes relataram a respiração leve, eliminação de tensão nervosa e sensação de bem-estar físico e mental. Já na capacitação sobre chás, houveram diversas perguntas sobre os benefícios e efeitos adversos do seu uso. Dos 28 indivíduos envolvidos nas práticas, 25 demonstraram interesse em conhecer as terapias integrativas e complementares. Considerações finais: constatamos resultados positivos aos indivíduos que se propuseram a participar das técnicas, como bem-estar físico, mental e alívio de tensão. Por ser uma área nova de atuação para os profissionais de saúde, ainda há uma certa resistência, porém, trata-se de uma importante ferramenta na busca pela prevenção, promoção e tratamento dos usuários de saúde de forma integral, tal como prevê o SUS.(AU)

Objective: realizing that the policy of Integrative and Complementary Practices of the Brazilian Unified Health System is still unknown by many disseminators health workers, we decided to run the application experience report of complementary and integrative practices in a Teaching Unit and Health Services, a university in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The study objectives were to evaluate the challenges of application of these practices in the unit and analyze the perception of users and health team, against these practices. Method: a descriptive study of experience report characteristics, qualitative, conducted in a unit of Education and Health Services at a university in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the period from April to June of 2016, with 8 members of staff, 5 students and 15 users of the health service unit, totaling 28 people involved in the implementation of practices. Results: in the practice of aromatherapy, using floral oils, three users refused to participate, and other users, congratulated the work, reporting feel an improvement in the physical well-being. Music therapy technique (sound system) was applied to 3 users, who reported that the environment proviA Política das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares do SUS: o relato de experiência sobre a implementação em uma unidade de ensino e serviço de saúde SUS integrative and complementary practices politics: report of implementation in an educational and health care service Aline Fernanda Fischborn,1 Juliane Machado,¹ Naiele da Costa Fagundes,¹ Natália Medeiros Pereira¹ 1 Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (Unisc). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. Recebido em: 21/09/2016 / Aceito em: 26/09/2016 / Publicado em: 18/10/2016 costanaiele@gmail.com DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/cinergis.v17i0.8149 Cinergis, Santa Cruz do Sul, 17(4 Supl.1):358-363, out./dez. 2016 ISSN: 2177-4005 Páginas 02 de 06 não para fins de citação ded calm and relieve nervous tension they felt. In the application of music therapy and aromatherapy to team members, they reported a slight breathing, elimination of tension and sense of physical and mental well-being. Of the 28 individuals involved in the practices, 25 showed interest in knowing the complementary and integrative therapies. Closing remarks: we found positive results for individuals who proposed to participate in techniques such as physical well-being, mental and stress relief. We understand that to be a new area of work for health professionals and health services, although there is some resistance, but it is an important tool in the search for prevention, promotion and treatment of health users in full, as required by the Unified Health System.(AU)

Efecto de la musicoterapia en el estado de ánimo y calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal / The effectiveness of music therapy on mood and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un tratamiento de musicoterapia en el estado anímico y calidad de vida de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Método: Dieciocho sujetos (14 mujeres y 4 hombres) diagnosticados de CCR participaron en un tratamiento de ocho sesiones de musicoterapia de grupo, de frecuencia semanal y 90 minutos/sesión. Se administró la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD), el Perfil de Estados de Ánimo - versión reducida A (POMS-A) así como la Escala de Calidad de Vida Global y Escalas de Funcionamiento del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la EORTCQLQ-30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core Questionnaire-30) en pre- y post-tratamiento. Se midió el nivel de Ansiedad, Tristeza y Malestar Físico mediante una Escala de Valoración Numérica (EVN) en pre- y post-sesión. Se utilizó una Hoja de Observación y Registro de Conductas (instrumento propio elaborado ad hoc) para registrar las respuestas de cada participante en cada sesión y un Cuestionario de Valoración del Programa de Musicoterapia (instrumento propio, elaborado ad hoc) al finalizar el programa. Resultados: No se han obtenido cambios estadísticamente significativos en el POMS-A, HAD ni EORTC QLQ-C30, si bien todas las puntuaciones obtenidas van en la dirección de cambio deseado. Se ha obtenido una disminución estadísticamente significativa de los niveles de EVN Global de Ansiedad, Tristeza y Malestar. El Cuestionario de Valoración recoge una percepción de alto grado de utilidad y satisfacción por parte de los participantes

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a music therapy treatment on mood and quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. Method: Eighteen subjects (14 women and 4 men) who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer participated in a music therapy program consisting of eight weekly group music therapy sessions, 90 minute-session. Participants completed the following instruments before and after the intervention (pre/post): the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Profile of Mood States-Short Form A (POMS-A), the Global Quality of Life Scale and the Functioning Scales of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core QuestionnaireC30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30). A 3 item Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for Anxiety, Sadness and Physical Distress was administered at the beginning and end of each session (pre/post session). An Observation Behavior Form (designed ad hoc) was used to evaluate mood after each session. A Music Therapy Program Satisfaction Questionnaire (designed ad hoc) was administered at the end of the program. Results: Although all the obtained scores pointed to a desirable change direction, non significant changes were found in the POMS-A, HADS nor EORTC QLQ-C30. A significant improvement was found in the Anxiety, Sadness and Physical Distress NRS items. The Music. Therapy Program Satisfaction Questionnaire showed that participants perceived this type of intervention as very useful and very satisfactory

Efectos de la musicoterapia durante el embarazo y el parto / Effectos of music therapy during pregnancy and labor

OBJETIVO: analizar y describir la mejor evidencia disponible sobre los efectos de la musicoterapia durante el embarazo y el parto. MÉTODO: revisión integrativa en la que se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica en los principales buscadores y bases de datos biomédicas como son PubMed, Cuiden, Cinahl, Scielo, IME, Enfispo, Ebsco Host, Lilacs, Dialnet, Latindex, Cochrane Library y Portal Evidencia, desde enero de 2004 hasta julio de 2014. Los términos incluidos en la búsqueda fueron 'pregnancy', 'delivery', 'obstetric labor', 'childbirth', 'newborn' y 'music therapy'. Dichas palabras clave se combinaron con los operadores lógicos 'and' y 'or'. La elección de los artículos se realizó a través de la lectura del título y posterior lectura del resumen de los mismos que hacían referencia al objetivo de la revisión escritos en inglés. Los artículos seleccionados fueron revisados a texto completo y evaluados a través de los instrumentos de evaluación crítica Caspe. RESULTADOS: de todas las revisiones encontradas en las bases de datos, un total de 18 estudios fueron seleccionados a partir del título, de los cuales, que respondieran al objetivo, tan solo se encontraron a texto completo seis. Por último, los que cumplían con la mayoría de los criterios de evaluación y, por tanto, poseían una calidad entre media-alta o media-baja fueron seleccionados, realizándose finalmente la revisión de cuatro estudios. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: se evidenciaron numerosos efectos al escuchar música, tales como el alivio del dolor durante las contracciones, la reducción de la tensión, la disminución de la ansiedad y del miedo. La musicoterapia provocó en las mujeres sensaciones de seguridad, tranquilidad, relajación y calma. Los recién nacidos que fueron expuestos a la música evidenciaron reacciones positivas cuando reconocieron las canciones escuchadas previamente

OBJECTIVE: to analyze and describe the best evidence available about the effects of music therapy during pregnancy and labor. METHOD: an integrative review where a bibliographic search was conducted in the main search engines and biomedical databases, such as PubMed, Cuiden, Cinhal, Scielo, Ime, Enfispo, Ebsco Host, Lilacs, Dialnet, Latindex, Cochrane Library and Portal Evidencia, from January, 2004 to July, 2014. The terms included in this search were: 'pregnancy', 'delivery', 'obstetric labor', 'childbirth', 'newborn' and 'music therapy'. Said key words were combined with the logical operators 'AND' and 'OR'. Article selection was conducted by reading the title and subsequently reading the abstract in English, which referred to the objective of the review. The complete text of the articles selected was reviewed, and they were assessed through the CASPE Critical Appraisal Tools. RESULTS: out of all reviews found in databases, 18 were selected by their title; and out of these, only six were found to refer to the objective in their complete text. Finally, there was a selection of those which met the majority of the assessment criteria, and therefore showed a medium-high to medium-low quality, and finally the review of four studies was conducted. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: several effects were evident while listening to music, such as pain relief during contractions, a lower level of stress, as well as a reduction in anxiety and fear. Music therapy caused feelings of safety, tranquillity, relaxation and calm in women. Newborns who were exposed to music showed positive reactions when they recognized those songs they had listened to previously

Single case design studies in music therapy: resurrecting experimental evidence in small group and individual music therapy clinical settings.

BACKGROUND: The profession would benefit from greater and routine generation of causal evidence pertaining to the impact of music therapy interventions on client outcomes. OBJECTIVE: One way to meet this goal is to revisit the use of Single Case Designs (SCDs) in clinical practice and research endeavors in music therapy. Given the appropriate setting and goals, this design can be accomplished with small sample sizes and it is often appropriate for studying music therapy interventions. METHODS: In this article, we promote and discuss implementation of SCD studies in music therapy settings, review the meaning of internal study validity and by extension the notion of causality, and describe two of the most commonly used SCDs to demonstrate how they can help generate causal evidence to inform the field. RESULTS: In closing, we describe the need for replication and future meta-analysis of SCD studies completed in music therapy settings. CONCLUSIONS: SCD studies are both feasible and appropriate for use in music therapy clinical practice settings, particularly for testing effectiveness of interventions for individuals or small groups.

Music therapy services in pediatric oncology: a national clinical practice review.

This article presents the results of a national clinical practice review conducted in Australia of music therapy services in pediatric oncology hospitals. Literature specifically related to music therapy and symptom management in pediatric oncology is reviewed. The results from a national benchmarking survey distributed to all music therapists working with children with cancer in Australian pediatric hospitals are discussed. Patient and family feedback provided from a quality improvement activity conducted at a major pediatric tertiary hospital is summarized, and considerations for future growth as a profession and further research is proposed.

The systematic review as a research process in music therapy.

BACKGROUND: Music therapists are challenged to present evidence on the efficacy of music therapy treatment and incorporate the best available research evidence to make informed healthcare and treatment decisions. Higher standards of evidence can come from a variety of sources including systematic reviews. OBJECTIVE: To define and describe a range of research review methods using examples from music therapy and related literature, with emphasis on the systematic review. In addition, the authors provide a detailed overview of methodological processes for conducting and reporting systematic reviews in music therapy. METHODS: The systematic review process is described in five steps. Step 1 identifies the research plan and operationalized research question(s). Step 2 illustrates the identification and organization of the existing literature related to the question(s). Step 3 details coding of data extracted from the literature. Step 4 explains the synthesis of coded findings and analysis to answer the research question(s). Step 5 describes the strength of evidence evaluation and results presentation for practice recommendations. RESULTS: Music therapists are encouraged to develop and conduct systematic reviews. This methodology contributes to review outcome credibility and can determine how information is interpreted and used by clinicians, clients or patients, and policy makers. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic review is a methodologically rigorous research method used to organize and evaluate extant literature related to a clinical problem. Systematic reviews can assist music therapists in managing the ever-increasing literature, making well-informed evidence based practice and research decisions, and translating existing music-based and nonmusic based literature to clinical practice and research development.

Beneficios de la musicoterapia como tratamiento no farmacológico y de rehabilitación en la demencia moderada / Benefits of music therapy as theapy no pharmacology and rehabilitation moderate dementia

En este artículo se profundiza sobre los beneficios que la musicoterapia puede aportar al nivel cognitivo y/o conductual de los ancianos con demencia. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos de ensayos controlados aleatorios, ensayos casos-control y estudios pilotos, publicados desde enero de 2000 a enero de 2012 en las bases de datos Cochrane, MEDLINE, Dialnet y CSIC, centrados en la comparación de la musicoterapia como tratamiento no farmacológico en las personas mayores de 65 años con demencia moderada, frente a su tratamiento terapéutico-ocupacional habitual. Se seleccionaron 10 artículos en función de los criterios de inclusión. El análisis de los resultados sugiere que la musicoterapia mejora en las personas con demencia su nivel conductual, cognitivo y de comportamiento social (AU)

An in-depth review is presented the possible benefits of music therapy in relation to the cognitive and/or behavioural level of elderly patients with dementia. We have carried out a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, case-control and pilot studies published from January 2000 to January 2012 using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Dialnet and CSIC. We focused on comparison of music therapy as non-pharmacological therapy, in patients over 65 years of age with moderate dementia, with regular therapeutic and occupational treatment. Ten articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The analysis of the results suggest that music Therapy influences the elderly people with dementia in a positive way by improving levels of behavioural and cognitive functioning and social participation (AU)

Terapias musicales en la rehabilitación del lenguaje y musicoterapia en personas con demencia / No disponible

La música surgió de manera simultánea al lenguaje dada la necesidad de los humanos de comunicarse y cooperar. Todas las personas, al nacer, contamos con las habilidades necesarias para procesar la música, una acción que implica una amplia red de conexiones cerebrales para la activación de diversas funciones cognitivas y su producción. Estas activaciones nos pueden resultar muy útiles tanto para el tratamiento de las personas con demencia como para otro tipo de trastornos, ya que en ellas se observan respuestas cognitivas, motoras, emocionales, etc. En el presente trabajo se revisan las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en personas con demencia utilizando la música y sus diferentes componentes, así como la Terapia de Entonación Melódica (TEM), utilizada en el tratamiento de la afasia no fluente(AU)

Music and language emerged simultaneously, due to the human necessity to communicate and cooperate. Every person is born with the basic abilities needed to process music, this process involves a wide network of cerebral connections that activate diverse cognitive functions. These activations can be very useful not only for the treatment of people with dementia but also for other kind of disorders as it has been observed the fact that there are reactions at cognitive, motor, emotional, etc. In this paper work we review these interventions done in people with dementia using music and its different components, it is also reviewed Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT), used in the treatment of nonfluent aphasia(AU)

Integration of intensive care treatment and neurorehabilitation in patients with disorders of consciousness: a program description and case report.

Severe brain injuries frequently result in disorders of consciousness, requiring intensive care unit treatment. We present a rehabilitative system that integrates neurorehabilitation into intensive care treatment. The system will be described using the case report of a young man who was in a vegetative state after a severe traumatic brain injury that resulted in major medical problems and complications. Despite these challenges, interdisciplinary therapies can be applied throughout the rehabilitative process. The patient in our case report showed significant improvements and functional gains during the course of treatment. Additional data from other patients support the feasibility of this system and show that integrating neurorehabilitation into intensive care treatment is possible and can lead to improved outcomes in this patient population. We will discuss the advantages, special features, and limitations of the system. Additional studies are needed to further demonstrate the efficacy of this approach compared with standard treatment.

Developing a music programme for preschool children with cochlear implants.

UNLABELLED: Although music perception is especially challenging for cochlear implant (CI) users, young CI users' musical perception abilities are improved by participation in structured musical activities. OBJECTIVES: To design, implement, evaluate, and publish a music training programme with a monitoring tool for preschool CI users, for use in family-centred habilitation programmes. METHODS: We devised a programme of musical activities, Musical EARS®, and a curriculum-related hierarchical Evaluation Form to represent performance. The programme included sections on singing; recognizing songs, tunes, and timbre; and responding appropriately to music and rhythm. It was implemented over 18 months at Ilkses Rehabilitation Centre, with 25 paediatric MED-EL CI users split into three groups of varying age, duration of CI use, and ability. RESULTS: Mean total scores increased significantly for all groups. Scores increased unevenly across subscales. Participation in and enjoyment of musical activities increased for both children and parents. Significant correlations were found between scores and length of CI use. DISCUSSION: The training programme effectively enriches child CI users' musical experience. To varying degrees, children learned to perform the Musical EARS® activities. The study allowed us to validate the lesson content and the hierarchical nature of the Evaluation Form. We conclude that prelingually deafened CI users should be systematically involved in musical activities to help them acquire skills acquired more easily by hearing peers.

Clinical practice of dual-certified music therapists/child life specialists: a phenomenological study.

The discipline of child life enjoys a strong presence in many medical settings within the current pediatric healthcare environment. Due to the widespread establishment of child life programs, music therapists often find themselves negotiating their role and contributions to pediatric healthcare in relation to the field of child life. There is increasing interest among music therapy interns and clinicians in pursuing certification in child life to increase clinical knowledge and enhance marketability. A small, but strong, cohort of dual-certified music therapists/child life specialists is currently practicing in the field, but the nuances of their clinical practice have not been systematically examined. The current study used an interpretative phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of eight dual-certified clinicians, and to interpret how clinicians make sense of those lived experiences. Two overarching themes of identity and flexibility arose from the analysis: issues relating to establishing, challenging, and modifying professional identity; and flexibility manifested within areas of theoretical orientation, professional role, and clinical approach. Dual-certified clinicians vary in the degree to which they integrate the fields of music therapy and child life in practice, from complete and seamless integration of the two, to exclusive practice of only one field, depending upon the bounds of their positions. Participants reported that child life training is beneficial, but not necessary for achieving advanced practice in pediatric medical music therapy. Implications for the continuing advancement of music therapy in pediatric healthcare are discussed.