RESUMEN
Myrica esculenta is an important ethnomedicinal plant used in the traditional system of medicine and as an important nutraceutical. Several studies on the plant justify its use in alternative systems of medicine and establish a scientific rationale for its possible therapeutic application. The plant contains a range of biologically active classes of compounds, particularly diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, and glycosides. The nutraceutical potential of the plant can be particularly attributed to its fruit, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber content, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, in it. The current review aims to provide complete insight into the phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, and nutritional potential of the plant, which would not only serve as a comprehensive source of information but also will highlight the scope of isolation and evaluation of these molecules for various disease conditions.
Asunto(s)
Myrica , Myrica/química , Medicina Tradicional , Frutas , Diarilheptanoides , Flavonoides , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pentacyclic triterpenoids are a biologically active class of phytoconstituents with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory action. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we isolated 3-Acetylmyricadiol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from the ethyl acetate bark extract of Myrica esculenta and evaluated it for anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS: The ethyl acetate bark extract of the M. esculenta was subjected to column chromatography to isolate 3-Acetylmyricadiol. MTT assay was performed to check cell viability. The production of proinflammatory mediators like nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α were observed after the administration of 5, 10, 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol in LPS-activated raw 246.7 macrophages by the reported methods. RESULTS: MTT assay indicated more than 90% cell viability up to 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol. The administration of 3-Acetylmyricadiol inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner significantly in comparison to LPS treated cells. The maximum effect was observed at 20 µM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol which resulted in 52.37, 63.10, and 55.37 % inhibition of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of 3-Acetylmyricadiol and can serve as a potential candidate in the development of the clinically efficient anti-inflammatory molecule.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales , Triterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Citocinas , Ratones , Myrica/química , Óxido Nítrico , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Here, we examined the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity (AA), and antiproliferative activity (APA) of four Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) pulp extracts. They were found to be rich in total phenolics content (TPC; 186.45 ± 5.42 to 498.94 ± 8.25 mg of gallic acid equiv./100 g FW) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 126.28 ± 4.18 to 194.35 ± 12.03 mg of catechin equiv./100 g FW). For all varieties, the free flavonoid/phenolic/anthocyanin contents were higher than that the bound fractions. Wild pink bayberry (WPB) displayed the highest values of TPC and TFC, and also showed the highest total antioxidant activity (TAA) as revealed by peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) (451.47 ± 8.01 µmol Vit. C equiv./100 g FW), and free cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) (184.99 ± 6.11 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, no PBS wash; 117.78 ± 2.34 µmol quercetin equiv./100 g FW, PBS wash) assays. Bayberry extracts had a marked reduction in the APA of HepG2 cells, and WPB exhibited the lowest EC50 (8.50 ± 0.83 mg/ml) value, which was probably associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit is rich in natural phenolic compounds, which might be a functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical products. Our findings would provide a logical strategy to promote the comprehensive utilization of phenolics in bayberry fruit with both health and economy benefits.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Myrica , Fitoquímicos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , China , Frutas/química , Myrica/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The intake of carcinogenic and chemopreventive compounds are important nutritional factors related to the development of malignant tumorous diseases. Repetitive long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) DNA methylation pattern plays a key role in both carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. In our present in vivo animal model, we examined LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern as potential biomarker in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice consuming green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (catechins 80%), a chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) extract (myricetin 80%), a flavonoid extract (with added resveratrol) and coffee (Coffee arabica) extract. In the organs examined, carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hypomethylation was prevented by all test materials except chinese bayberry extract in the kidneys. Moreover, the flavonoid extract caused significant hypermethylation in the liver compared to untreated controls and to other test materials. The tested chemopreventive substances have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and regulate molecular biological signaling pathways. They increase glutathione levels, induce antioxidant enzymes, which decrease free radical damage caused by DMBA, and ultimately, they are able to increase the activity of DNA methyltransferase enzymes. Furthermore, flavonoids in the liver may inhibit the procarcinogen to carcinogen activation of DMBA through the inhibition of CYP1A1 enzyme. At the same time, paradoxically, myricetin can act as a prooxidant as a result of free radical damage, which can explain that it did not prevent hypomethylation in the kidneys. Our results demonstrated that LINE-1 DNA methylation pattern is a useful potential biomarker for detecting and monitoring carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects of dietary compounds.
Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Elementos de Nucleótido Esparcido Largo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Camellia sinensis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinógenos/farmacología , Catequina/farmacología , Café/química , ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Flavonoides/farmacología , Glutatión/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Elementos de Nucleótido Esparcido Largo/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Myrica/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Té/química , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
The regular consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is essential to prevent the onset of diseases. Wild fruits are known to possess higher levels of bioactive components than the domesticated fruits because of the severe environmental conditions they are grown in. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profiles, and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a wild pink bayberry fruit after in vitro digestion and to compare them with results obtained with a chemical extraction method. A low release of total phenolics and anthocyanins was observed after digestion compared with chemical extraction, while more flavonol contents were found by HPLC analysis. The digesta samples demonstrated low levels of extracellular antioxidant activity (EAA) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). However, the cellular uptake rate was increased during the in vitro digestion, and the largest value of 75.35% was obtained in the colon step. Notably, the antiproliferative activity in the colon digesta (10.14 ± 0.13 mg mL-1) was close to that of extracts (7.6 ± 0.63 mg mL-1). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that EAA and CAA were significantly correlated with TPC, while the antiproliferative activity was significantly correlated with the total contents of three flavonol compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin). Our observations provide new insights into the bioactivity variation of whole fruits as affected by simulated digestion.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Frutas/química , Myrica/química , Fitoquímicos , Antocianinas/análisis , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Terrestrial plants, due to their sessile nature, are highly exposed to environmental pressure and therefore need to produce very effective molecules that enable them to survive all the threats. Myrica and Morella (Myricaceae) are taxonomically close genera, which include species of trees or shrubs with edible fruits that exhibit relevant uses in traditional medicine. For instance, in Chinese or Japanese folk medicine, they are used to treat diarrhea, digestive problems, headache, burns, and skin diseases. A wide array of compounds isolated from different parts of Myrica and/or Morella species possess several biological activities, like anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and cardio-/neuro-/hepatoprotective activities, both in vitro and in vivo, with myricanol, myricitrin, quercitrin, and betulin being the most promising. There are still many other compounds isolated from both genera whose biological activities have not been evaluated, which represents an excellent opportunity to discover new applications for those compounds and valorize Morella/Myrica species.
Asunto(s)
Myrica/química , Myricaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Animales , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Proanthocyanidins are sustainable materials with amphiphilic characteristic, network-forming capacity, and health benefits, which give them possibility as encapsulating biomaterials. We found that proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry leaves and grape seeds (BLPs and GSPs) were able to encapsulate oil to form spherical microcapsules of controlled size and architecture. Microcapsules encapsulated with BLPs and GSPs (BMs and GMs) exhibited different physical stability when subjected to environmental stresses. BMs showed higher physical stability to environmental stresses than GMs. The proanthocyanidin shell could protect ß-carotene from chemical degradation. Subsequently, varied gastrointestinal behaviors of the microcapsules were observed in simulated digestion. GMs with low stability reduced the lipid digestion and ß-carotene bioaccessibility. BMs with high stability retarded lipid digestion but did not change the amount of hydrolyzed lipids and ß-carotene bioaccessibility. Our study demonstrates that BLPs rather than GSPs can be used alone as encapsulating material for protection and targeted delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
Asunto(s)
Portadores de Fármacos/química , Myrica/química , Aceites/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Vitis/química , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cápsulas/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
The study was aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory and in vivo antidiabetic activities of Myrica salicifolia root extracts. The powdered roots of M. salicifolia were extracted with 80% methanol and then dried. The dried extract was further fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. The phytochemical screening of the crude extract was performed using standard chemical identification tests. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by in vitro method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as radical scavenging reagent. The in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity was performed using the chromogenic3,5-dinitrosalicylic (DNSA) method. The antidiabetic activity of M. salicifolia root crude extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and fractions (400 mg/kg) were evaluated in normal, glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The crude root extract of M. salicifolia showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.54µg/ml) which was comparable with the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. In α-amylase inhibitory activity, the crude extract and butanol fraction showed highest enzyme inhibition. In the antidiabetic activity, daily administration of the crude extract, aqueous and butanol fractions for fifteen days showed highest significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (BGL) compared to diabetic control in STZ-induced diabetic mice model. The root extract and fractions of M. salicifolia exhibited significant antihyperglycemic, α-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activity with no sign of toxicity. The antidiabetic effect of the plant could be due to the synergistic effect of various classes of constituents present in the root part of the plant.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Myrica/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estreptozocina/farmacología , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Fitoquímicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Background: Plant diversity is a basic source of food and medicine for local Himalayan communities. The current study was designed to assess the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) on the phenolic profile, and the corresponding biological activity was studied. Methods: Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2â³-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) assay, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method using various bacterial and fungal strains. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that methanol acted as the most effective solvent for polyphenols extraction, as strengthened by the liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. M. esculenta methanol extract showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 39.29 µg/mL and 52.83 µg/mL, respectively, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts revealed minimum antioxidant potential. Methanol extract also revealed higher phenolic content, 88.94±0.24 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g), measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the minimum content was recorded for aqueous extract (62.38±0.14 GAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was observed for methanol extract, 67.44±0.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) measured by an aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the lowest content was recorded for aqueous extract (35.77±0.14 QE/g). Antimicrobial activity findings also reveal that the methanol extract led to a higher inhibition zone against bacterial and fungal strains. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, viz. alkenes, amines, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, alcohols, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. This FTIR analysis could serve as a basis for the authentication of M. esculenta extracts for future industrial applications. Compounds identified by LC-MS analysis were gallic acid, myricanol, myricanone, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, ß-sitosterol, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, palmitic acid, n-pentadecanol, n-octadecanol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, n-hexadecanol, cis-ß-caryophyllene, lupeol, and myresculoside. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanolic extract from M. esculenta leaves has strong antioxidant potential and could be a significant source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials for functional foods formulation.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Myrica/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergillus niger/efectos de los fármacos , Benzotiazoles/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Solventes/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Background: Increasing attention has been given to the search for neuroprotective ingredients from natural plants. Myrica rubra bark (MRB) has been used in traditional oriental medicine for over thousand years and has potential neuroprotection. Methods and Results: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify the compounds in MRB extract, and the MTT assay was performed to evaluate the neuroprotection of six major compounds from MRB against glutamate-induced damage in PC12 cells. The result displayed nineteen compounds were identified, and myricitrin and myricanol 11-sulfate were shown to have neuroprotection, which prevented cell apoptosis through alleviating oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, as well as by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase. Conclusions: Several active compounds from MRB may offer neuroprotection and have the potential for the development of new drugs against central nervous system diseases.
Asunto(s)
Diarilheptanoides/química , Flavonoides/química , Myrica/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/química , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Diarilheptanoides/aislamiento & purificación , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/aislamiento & purificación , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Células PC12 , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/aislamiento & purificación , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Myrica faya Aiton (fire tree, faya) is an underused species with a diverse flavonoid composition (anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagitannins) which can promote positive effects on human health. M. faya has been reported to possess high antioxidant activities, but its potential in the prevention of type II diabetes has not been evaluated so far. In the present study, eight M. faya samples from different areas of Madeira and Azores archipelagos (Portugal) were collected to determine their phytochemical profile and then tested for their in vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. The analyzed extracts showed strong inhibitory activities towards α -glucosidase, aldose reductase and glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and moderate effects towards α-amylase and lipase (by comparison with reference compounds). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and ellagitannins were the main bioactive agents involved in the anti-diabetic effects of M. faya. Such results may provide important scientific evidence for further utilization of M. faya as dietary or nutraceutical products for the prevention and/or control of hyperglycaemia-associated complications.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/uso terapéutico , Myrica/química , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Aldehído Reductasa , Antocianinas , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Azores , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis , Glucósidos , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Lipasa , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Polifenoles/análisis , Portugal , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , alfa-Amilasas , alfa-Glucosidasas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. (Myricaceae), known as Chinese bayberry, is traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. The interaction of Propionibacterium acnes signalling with sebocytes is considered important in the pathogenesis of acne. In the present study, extracts and active compounds of Chinese bayberry were used to determine chemical antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in P. acnes-stimulated human SZ95 sebocytes. A high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection system was used to analyse the phenolic composition of bayberry extracts. Accordingly, the flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin, were found to be abundant in the unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts of Chinese bayberry fruits, respectively. The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was also predominantly found in the unhydrolysed extracts. Quantification of human inflammatory cytokines indicated that cell-free extracts of P. acnes stimulated IL-8 and IL-6 production, which was inhibited by myricetin, rather than its glycoside or anthocyanin. Myricetin also exhibited inhibitory effects in P. acnes-stimulated gene expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and protein phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. In conclusion, myricetin shows a suppressive effect on P. acnes-induced cytokine production through regulation of the TLR and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Myricetin goes beyond previous research findings to potentially modulate inflammatory signalling in human sebocytes. These results will be valuable in developing anti-inflammatory agents against skin acne.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Myrica/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Propionibacterium acnes/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A novel gelatin/PVA composite nanofiber band loaded with bayberry tannin (GPNB-BT) was prepared by electrostatic spinning and crosslinking for extraction of uranium (VI) from simulated seawater. The influential factors of tannin loaded on the nanofiber band were investigated in detail. Surface morphology and fiber diameter of GPNB-BT were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Functional groups of GPNB-BT were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The adsorption process and mechanism of uranium on GPNB-BT was characterized by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the BT had been stably solidified on the GPNB. Compared with other tannin-immobilized membranes, the nano-network structure of GPNB-BT with 200-400â¯nm diameter of fibers can promote solidification of tannins and improve adsorption capacity of GPNB-BT for uranium. The maximum adsorption capacity of the GPNB-BT for uranium is 170â¯mg/g at the optimal pH of 5.5 in 80â¯mg/L of initial uranium concentration and 1.4⯵g/g even at extremely low initial concentration of 3⯵g/L in the simulated seawater for 24â¯h. The GPNB-BT with good hydraulic properties, floatability and adsorption capacity for uranium is expected to be widely used in separation and enrichment of uranium in seawater and radioactive waste water.
Asunto(s)
Gelatina/química , Nanofibras/química , Agua de Mar/química , Taninos/química , Uranio/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Myrica/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
Myrica rubra (MR) is rich in anthocyanins, and it has good anti-cancer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. The proportion of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke gradually increased, becoming a major disease that is harmful to human health. However, research on effects of anthocyanin from MR on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is rare. In this study, we prepared eight purified anthocyanin extracts (PAEs) from different types of MR, and examined the amounts of total anthocyanin (TA) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C-3-G). After one week of PAE treatment, the cerebral infarction volume, disease damage, and contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were reduced, while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased in I/R mice. Altogether, our results show that Boqi¹ MR contained the most TA (22.07%) and C-3-G (21.28%), and that PAE isolated from Dongkui MR can protect the brain from I/R injury in mice, with the mechanism possibly related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) pathways.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/farmacología , Myrica/química , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Animales , Antocianinas/química , Biomarcadores , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Ratones , Modelos Biológicos , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/patologíaRESUMEN
This study was aimed to investigate the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on some common and new bayberry cultivars. The contents of total phenolics (246-669mg gallic acid equivalents/kg FW (fresh weight)), flavonoids (116-689mg quercetin-3-O-rutinoside equivalents/kg FW), procyanidins (28-133mg catechin equivalents/kg FW) and anthocyanins (1-7mg cyaniding-3-O-glucoside equivalents/kg FW) were detected in digested cultivars. HPLC-TOF-MS analysis identified 17 phenolic compounds in digested sample. Among all digested cultivars, the new cultivars Anhaizaomei (ABTS, IC50=2.95mg/mL; FRAP, 401.32mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/kg FW) and Yingsi (ABTS, IC50=3.28mg/mL; FRAP, 400.81mg VCE/kg FW) showed better in vitro antioxidant capacity. Further cellular assay indicated that the common cultivar Dongkui (2mg/mL) possessed the strongest ROS scavenging activity. The comprehensive evaluation of bioactive components and antioxidant properties using principal component analysis suggests that common cultivar Dongkui, new cultivars Yingsi and Anhaizaomei could be considered as dietary supplements.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Digestión , Frutas/química , Ácido Gástrico/química , Secreciones Intestinales/química , Myrica/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Benzotiazoles/química , Células CACO-2 , Cloruros/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Compuestos Férricos/química , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Componente Principal , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/químicaRESUMEN
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small population of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal ability, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death related to the female reproductive system in Western countries and has been evaluated as a type of CSC-related cancer in recent years. Natural products have attracted great attention in cancer treatment in recent years due to drug resistance and a high relapse rate of ovarian cancer. Chinese bayberry leaf proanthocyanidins (BLPs) contain epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate as their terminal and major extension units, which is quite unusual in the plant kingdom. BLPs showed strong antioxidant and antiproliferative abilities in previous studies. In the present study, chemotherapy-resistant OVCAR-3 spheroid (SP) cells were obtained by sphere culturing and exhibited CSC-like properties by showing a higher ALDH+ population and higher expression of stemness-related proteins. BLPs exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth and CSC characteristics of OVCAR-3 SP cells by showing decreased cell viability, sphere and colony formation ability, ALDH+ population and expression of stemness-related proteins. BLPs also targeted the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway by reducing the expression of ß-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc and thus inhibited the self-renewal ability of OVCAR-3 SP cells. Furthermore, BLPs also induced G1 cell cycle arrest in OVCAR-3 SP cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that BLPs may be an important agent in the development of therapeutics for ovarian cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Puntos de Control de la Fase G1 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Myrica/química , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Ováricas/fisiopatología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , China , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Femenino , Humanos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/citología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proantocianidinas/química , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The anti-obesity effects of different proanthocyanidin extracts (PE) from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.) leaves were evaluated in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rat model. The leaves of Chinese bayberry (LCB), a non-desaccharified proanthocyanidin extract (NDPE), and a desaccharified proanthocyanidin extract (DPE) were compared with orlistat, a conventional anti-obesity drug used as a positive control. The rats from all of the PE-treated groups showed obvious weight loss, with the greatest weight loss in the DPE group (P < 0.05). Compared to the HF group, almost all of the PE-treated groups showed significantly reduced levels of serum TC, TG, AST, ALT, ALP, LDL-C, ADP and a LEP/ADP ratio, and increased levels of HDL-C and LEP. Furthermore, the expression levels of SIRT1, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, BMP4 and UCP1 were investigated in the liver, kidney, epididymis and abdominal adipose tissue. Compared to the HF group, PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α levels were significantly reduced and SIRT1, BMP4 and UCP1 levels were significantly upregulated in the DPE-treated group. Our results suggested that PE exerted its anti-obesity effects by upregulating the expression of SIRT1, thus inducing the deacetylation of PPAR-γ and downregulating the expression of C/EBP-α, and also upregulating the expression of BMP4 to boost the levels of brown fat.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/administración & dosificación , Myrica/química , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Proantocianidinas/administración & dosificación , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/genética , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sirtuina 1/genética , Sirtuina 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
The chemical profile of Myrica rubra (a native species in China) leaf extract was investigated by UPLC-PDA-HRMS, and the neuroprotective activity of two characteristic constituents, myricanol and myricetrin, was evaluated with N2a cells using H2O2-inducedoxidative challenge through a series of methods, e.g., MTT assay, ROS assay and [Ca2+]i assay. Among the 188 constituents detected in the extract of Myrica rubra leaf, 116 were identified definitely or tentatively by the comprehensive utilization of precise molecular weight and abundant multistage fragmentation information obtained by quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. In addition, 14 potential new compounds were reported for the first time. This work established an example for the research of microconstituents in a complex analyte and revealed that suppression of H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in N2a cells was achieved by the pretreatment with myricanol. The evidence suggested myricanol may potentially serve as a remedy for prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases induced by oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Myrica/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Línea Celular , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Neuroprotección/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
This study focuses on the green synthesis of the Ag/bone nanocomposite by using Myrica gale L. aqueous extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and investigation of its catalytic activity in the hydration of cyanamides under environmentally benign reaction conditions in aqueous extract as a green solvent without use of toxic and hazardous chemicals. The green synthesized Ag/bone nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The advantages of this system include the use of green catalyst, benign reaction conditions without use of expensive and hazardous materials, easy work up, reusability of the catalyst and excellent yield of the products. The Ag/bone nanocomposite can be recovered and recycled several times without significant loss of activity.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/química , Cianamida/química , Myrica/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plata/química , Catálisis , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Hojas de la Planta/química , Solventes/química , Propiedades de Superficie , AguaRESUMEN
The present study evaluated the antihyperlipidemic activity of myricetin, myricetrin, the alcohol fraction (AF) and the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) obtained from the bark of Myrica rubra (MR) in high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) induced hyperlipidemic C57BL/6j mice. Mice were treated with myricetin, myricetrin, AF and EF with a dose of 130 mg per kg per day for 35 days. After treatment, serum parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total bile acids (TBA), etc., were examined. The results revealed that EF showed the highest weight lowering activity (P < 0.01). All tested samples decreased the levels of the TC, TG, LDL-C, TBA and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) content in the serum of mice to different extents. Liver fat deposition was significantly reduced after myricetin, myricetrin, AF and EF therapy (P < 0.01). Additionally, the cell size of epididymal adipose tissue was also decreased in myricetin, AF and EF groups (P < 0.05). The antihyperlipidemic activity of these samples may be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis via suppressing the expression of HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) and ACC1 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), promoting the metabolism and excretion of lipids via up-regulating the expression of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding proteins), LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) and CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase). These results may provide a powerful foundation for seeking and utilizing Myrica rubra bio-active compounds for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.