Metabolomics of head and neck cancer in biofluids: an integrative systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Diagnosis at early stages are critical to reduce mortality and improve functional and esthetic outcomes associated with HNC. Metabolomics is a promising approach for discovery of biomarkers and metabolic pathways for risk assessment and early detection of HNC. OBJECTIVES: To summarize and consolidate the available evidence on metabolomics and HNC in plasma/serum, saliva, and urine. METHODS: A systematic search of experimental research was executed using PubMed and Web of Science. Available data on areas under the curve was extracted. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify metabolic pathways altered in HNC. Fifty-four studies were eligible for data extraction (33 performed in plasma/serum, 15 in saliva and 6 in urine). RESULTS: Metabolites with high discriminatory performance for detection of HNC included single metabolites and combination panels of several lysoPCs, pyroglutamate, glutamic acid, glucose, tartronic acid, arachidonic acid, norvaline, linoleic acid, propionate, acetone, acetate, choline, glutamate and others. The glucose-alanine cycle and the urea cycle were the most altered pathways in HNC, among other pathways (i.e. gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, alanine metabolism, etc.). Specific metabolites that can potentially serve as complementary less- or non-invasive biomarkers, as well as metabolic pathways integrating the data from the available studies, are presented. CONCLUSION: The present work highlights utility of metabolite-based biomarkers for risk assessment, early detection, and prognostication of HNC, as well as facilitates incorporation of available metabolomics studies into multi-omics data integration and big data analytics for personalized health.

Addressing patients' concerns in speech and language therapy consultations following the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment impacts profoundly on patients' functional abilities, emotional well being and social interactions. Communication and swallowing are fundamental to everyday life, and the Speech and Language Therapist (SLT) has a critical role for both patients and their carers. In clinical practice, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are a key part of the armamentarium of the SLT. The purpose of the review is to summarize how these measures can be beneficial in the context of time pressured SLT outpatient consultations. RECENT FINDINGS: Unmet needs in HNC are common and impact negatively on quality of life. There is an ever-increasing number of articles in this area, and it can be a challenge to identify, distil and summarize those specific to SLT. SUMMARY: In this review, we discuss the scope of holistic evaluation, strengths and limitations of PROMs, the Patient Concerns Inventory-Head and Neck, barriers to the use of outcome measures, the carers perspective and surveillance. SLT are uniquely placed members of the multidisciplinary team and provide expert advice and intervention. The inclusion of PROMs in routine consultations provides a model of follow up, which helps address patients and carers complex and unmet needs, ultimately promoting better outcomes.

The effect of local anaesthetic biopsy in head and neck cancer on cancer pathway waiting times.

INTRODUCTION: The 31-day target in urgent suspicion of cancer (USOC) referrals fast-tracks patients through the cancer pathway. Local anaesthetic (LA) biopsy can be performed during an outpatient clinic and may improve pathway times. The aim of this study was to compare LA biopsy in head and neck USOC referrals with the traditional general anaesthetic (GA) pathway. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of USOC referrals to the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde head and neck multidisciplinary team between 1 June 2018 and 28 December 2020, and compared pathway times in LA and GA biopsies. RESULTS: The mean number of days from clinic to biopsy was 4.4 in the LA group and 28.0 in the GA group. This was significantly faster in the LA biopsy group (p < 0.05). The overall pathway time in the LA and GA biopsy groups was 35.7 and 61.5 days, respectively, and was significantly faster in LA biopsy group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LA cohort had significantly faster pathway times compared with GA biopsy. LA biopsy requires careful patient selection, but is an effective alternative to GA biopsy in the appropriate patient group.

Outpatient secondary care pathways for head and neck cancer referral result in patient delays for cancer treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The majority of head and neck cancer referrals are received through primary care. A proportion of cancer referrals are received through secondary care specialties. Local delivery plan (LDP) targets in Scotland for cancer investigation are set at 31 days for diagnosis and 62 days to start treatment. The aim was to audit referrals made through non-primary care pathways compared with the standard primary care pathways against LDP targets. METHODS: New head and neck cancer patients between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2019 were included. Pathway points were recorded between referral to outpatient clinic, time to multidisciplinary team discussion (MDT) and finally MDT to treatment. RESULTS: 1,276 new patient referrals were received over a 5-year period. Of these, 136 (10%) were referred via non-primary care pathways. The mean time for urgent suspicion of cancer (USoC) referrals to start treatment was 77 days (15 days over target) and for outpatient secondary care referrals was 102 days (40 days over target) (p<0.05). When treatment intent was considered, 841/1,131 (75%) of patients referred via primary care were treated curatively compared with 49/99 (49%) (p<0.05) of patients referred through the secondary outpatient pathway. CONCLUSION: Patients with head and neck cancer referred from other outpatient specialties face delays commencing cancer treatment and are also associated with a greater likelihood of being treated with palliative intent.

[Nutritional Risk Screening in head-and-neck cancer patients prior to oncological therapy]. / Screening auf Mangelernährung bei Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten vor onkologischer Therapie.

OBJECTIVE: Head-and-neck cancer patients run a high risk of peri- or post-treatment malnutrition that can severely affect the therapy outcome. However, little is known about malnutrition under the pre-treatment condition. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic description of the pre-treatment nutritional status and risk of malnutrition in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before the onset of the oncological therapy, nutritional status of 102 head-and-neck cancer patients was assessed by body mass index (BMI), their risk of malnutrition by "Nutritional Risk Screening" (NRS). Tumour stage and site, patients' age and sex as well as oropharyngeal dysphagia were analysed as possible influence factors. The latter was quantified by the Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). RESULTS: According to BMI, malnutrition (undernutrition) was found in 6% of patients, a risk of malnutrition (NRS) in 27% of patients, and oropharyngeal dysphagia in 15%. In a linear regression, only oropharyngeal dysphagia was identified as a significant influence factor for the risk of malnutrition (ß = 0.380/3.776; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment risk of malnutrition was found in a quarter of head-and-neck cancer patients. For the early identification of this risk and for the introduction of measures that would help to avoid it, a pre-treatment examination of swallowing functions and a systematic malnutrition screening by means of NRS are recommended.

Effect of National Oral Health Screening Program on the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Korean National Population-Based Study.

PURPOSE: Poor oral health is associated with head and neck cancer (HNC). We evaluated whether a national oral health screening program (OHSP) could reduce the risk of HNC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 408,247 healthy individuals aged ≥ 40 years from the National Health Insurance System-National Health Screening program during 2003 and 2004 in Korea were analyzed. The risk of HNC was compared between subjects who underwent OHSP (HEALS-Dental+, n=165,292) and routine health check-ups only (HEALS-Dental‒, n=242,955). The impact of individual oral health-related factors on HNC risk was evaluated in HEALS-Dental+. RESULTS: A total of 1,650 HNC cases were diagnosed. The 10-year HNC-free rate was 99.684% with a median follow-up of 11 years. The risk of all HNC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.29; p=0.011) and oropharyngeal cancer (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.94; p=0.005) was significantly higher in HEALS-Dental‒ than in HEALS-Dental+. In HEALS-Dental+, oral cavity cancer was marginally reduced (p=0.085), and missing teeth was a significant factor for HNC (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.50; p=0.032). Toothbrushing was a significant factor in univariate analysis (p=0.028), but not in multivariate analysis (p=0.877). CONCLUSION: The National OHSP significantly reduced the long-term HNC risk, particularly the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer. Routine OHSP should be considered at the population level.

Speech and language therapy assessment of patients on the 2-week wait head and neck cancer referral pathway: evidence and opinion following a pilot study.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Spiralling numbers of patients are being referred on the two-week wait (2WW) head and neck cancer referral pathway. Only a small proportion are found to have cancer. There is a call for change in the management of these referrals, particularly following coronavirus. Allied health professionals (AHPs) are being encouraged by the NHS to extend their clinical practice to address increased demand. Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) may offer a solution to some of the 2WW pathway's challenges. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence highlights problems with the pathway and reasons for change. Hoarse voice is consistently found to be the most common presenting symptom. Emerging evidence suggests SLTs can extend their scope of practice to manage new hoarse voice referrals. A pilot project is described. Outcomes from this and other ongoing studies explore efficacy and investment required to make this proposal an achievable prospect for the future. SUMMARY: The management of 2WW referrals on the head and neck cancer pathway needs to change. Preliminary findings suggest SLTs working within the context of the multidisciplinary team can safely extended their role to improve management of these patients. Professional role outline, recognition, guidance, and training framework are needed.

Enhancing clinical and immunological effects of anti-PD-1 with belapectin, a galectin-3 inhibitor.

BACKGROUND: PD-1/PD-L1 engagement and overexpression of galectin-3 (Gal-3) are critical mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression that contribute to immunotherapy resistance. We hypothesized that Gal-3 blockade with belapectin (GR-MD-02) plus anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) would enhance tumor response in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: We performed a phase I dose escalation study of belapectin+pembrolizumab in patients with advanced MM or HNSCC (NCT02575404). Belapectin was administered at 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg IV 60 min before pembrolizumab (200 mg IV every 3 weeks for five cycles). Responding patients continued pembrolizumab monotherapy for up to 17 cycles. Main eligibility requirements were a functional Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0-2, measurable or assessable disease, and no active autoimmune disease. Prior T-cell checkpoint antibody therapy was permitted. RESULTS: Objective response was observed in 50% of MM (7/14) and and 33% of HNSCC (2/6) patients. Belapectin+pembrolizumab was associated with fewer immune-mediated adverse events than anticipated with pembrolizumab monotherapy. There were no dose-limiting toxicities for belapectin within the dose range investigated. Significantly increased effector memory T-cell activation and reduced monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) were observed in responders compared with non-responders. Increased baseline expression of Gal-3+ tumor cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells in the periphery correlated with response as did higher serum trough levels of pembrolizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Belapectin+pembrolizumab therapy has activity in MM and HNSCC. Increased Gal-3 expression, expansion of effector memory T cells, and decreased M-MDSCs correlated with clinical response. Further investigation is planned.

Phase III study of nivolumab alone or combined with ipilimumab as immunotherapy versus standard of care in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) often requires postoperative chemoradiation with high risk of toxicity. Disease-free survival (DFS) after 2 years is approximately 70%. Combining nivolumab (N), a PD-1-inhibitor and ipilimumab (I), a CTLA4- inhibitor, may improve DFS due to antitumor effects of immunotherapy. The IMSTAR-HN study compares neoadjuvant N and N ± I 6 months after adjuvant therapy versus standard therapy as first-line treatment for LA-HNSCC. Eligible patients have treatment-naive LA-HNSCC, Eastern cooperative oncology group performance score (PS) ≤1 and no distant metastasis. 276 patients will be randomized into two arms. Primary endpoint is DFS and secondary endpoint includes locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS). This study is one of the first in HNSCCs implementing immunotherapy in first-line treatment in a curative setting. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03700905 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Patients' and health professionals' experience of the Danish fast track treatment pathway for head and neck cancer patients receiving oral rehabilitation.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the responsiveness of the Danish treatment pathway for head-and-neck-cancer (HNC) patients receiving oral rehabilitation.Material and Methods: Eighteen HNC-patients who had received oral rehabilitation as well as five medical and four oral health care professionals involved in the treatment of HNC-patients filled in a questionnaire on responsiveness. The responsiveness was further described in individual interviews in the HNC-patients and focus group interviews in the health care professionals. All interviews were semi-structured and analysed using the grounded theory.Results: Patients and health care professionals overall reported good responsiveness of the pathway. Prompt attention was in both groups considered the most important aspect, although the patients found it difficult to cope mentally with the fast-track and the health care professionals reported insufficiencies giving prompt attention. The patients in general described a good relationship with their health care professionals, but along with the health care professionals also reported some problems regarding communication. Further, the health care professionals reported a gap between medical treatment and oral rehabilitation.Conclusions: The Danish treatment pathway for HNC-patients was, in general, evaluated positively. Communication and relationship between patient and health care professional can affect the responsiveness of the pathway.

Immunotherapy Mythbusters in Head and Neck Cancer: The Abscopal Effect and Pseudoprogression.

Atypical patterns of response to immunotherapy have been observed, including the abscopal effect and pseudoprogression. Although both are infrequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the synergism between radiation and checkpoint blockade therapy has generated excitement for exploitation of the abscopal effect. However, robust abscopal tumor regression observed in preclinical models has not translated to clinical experience. The optimal sequencing of radiotherapy with immunotherapy and dosage of radiation to target lesions to elicit this effect is being explored in clinical trials. Predictive markers of efficacy must be studied further to identify patients who may benefit from an abscopal effect and continued checkpoint inhibitor blockade beyond initial signs of radiologic progression. Given the rarity of pseudoprogression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, patients should be carefully selected to continue on immunotherapy, despite early radiologic signs of progression, given the risk of aggressive true progression and clinical deterioration that may result in missed opportunities for alternate treatments.

Clinically node-negative head and neck mucosal melanoma: An analysis of current treatment guidelines & outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze head and neck mucosal melanoma (MM) treatment patterns, and their association with survival, relative to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. MATERIAL & METHODS: Adult head and neck MM patients with clinically-staged T3/4aN0 disease were identified in a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (2010-2014) and stratified into sinonasal cavity (SN) and oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx (non-SN) cohorts. RESULTS: We identified 353 SN and 79 non-SN MM cases. The majority of patients were treated with surgery (SN: 92.4%; non-SN 84.8%), within NCCN guidelines. Treatment within the non-SN MM NCCN recommendation of elective neck dissection (END) was approximately 26.6%. END is not recommended for SN MM and was not performed in 91.5% of cases. Radiotherapy (RT) is recommended in both SN and non-SN MM and was utilized in 63.5% of SN patients and 46.8% of non-SN patients. END was not independently associated with OS compared to surgery alone (SN HR: 1.350 [95% CI: 0.733-2.485]; non-SN HR: 3.460 [95% CI: 0.912-13.125]). RT was independently associated with improved OS in SN MM cases (HR: 0.679 [95% CI: 0.479-0.963]), but not in non-SN MM cases (HR: 0.824 [95% CI: 0.331-2.051]). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with head and neck MM are not treated within NCCN guidelines. The use of recommended END in non-SN patients is low. Similarly, adjuvant RT utilization is low. Our analysis shows that while greater use of RT may increase survival rates in this disease, the utility of END is unclear.

Variation in Integrated Head and Neck Cancer Care: Impact of Patient and Hospital Characteristics.

Background: Monitoring and effectively improving oncologic integrated care requires dashboard information based on quality registrations. The dashboard includes evidence-based quality indicators (QIs) that measure quality of care. This study aimed to assess the quality of current integrated head and neck cancer care with QIs, the variation between Dutch hospitals, and the influence of patient and hospital characteristics. Methods: Previously, 39 QIs were developed with input from medical specialists, allied health professionals, and patients' perspectives. QI scores were calculated with data from 1,667 curatively treated patients in 8 hospitals. QIs with a sample size of >400 patients were included to calculate reliable QI scores. We used multilevel analysis to explain the variation. Results: Current care varied from 29% for the QI about a case manager being present to discuss the treatment plan to 100% for the QI about the availability of a treatment plan. Variation between hospitals was small for the QI about patients discussed in multidisciplinary team meetings (adherence: 95%, range 88%-98%), but large for the QI about malnutrition screening (adherence: 50%, range 2%-100%). Higher QI scores were associated with lower performance status, advanced tumor stage, and tumor in the oral cavity or oropharynx at the patient level, and with more curatively treated patients (volume) at hospital level. Conclusions: Although the quality registration was only recently launched, it already visualizes hospital variation in current care. Four determinants were found to be influential: tumor stage, performance status, tumor site, and volume. More data are needed to assure stable results for use in quality improvement.

Microfluidic-Based Genosensor To Detect Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) for Head and Neck Cancer.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly with HPV16 type, has been increasingly considered as an important etiologic factor in head and neck cancers. Detection of HPV16 is therefore crucial for these types of cancer, but clinical tests are not performed routinely in public health systems owing to the high cost and limitations of the existing tests. In this article, we report on a potentially low-cost genosensor capable of detecting low concentrations of HPV16 in buffer samples and distinguishing, with high accuracy, head and neck cancer cell lines according to their HPV16 status. The genosensor consisted of a microfluidic device that had an active layer of a HPV16 capture DNA probe (cpHPV16) deposited onto a layer-by-layer film of chitosan and chondroitin sulfate. Impedance spectroscopy was the principle of detection utilized, leading to a limit of detection of 10.5 pM for complementary ssDNA HPV16 oligos (ssHPV16). The genosensor was also able to distinguish among HPV16+ and HPV16- cell lines, using the multidimensional projection technique interactive document mapping. Hybridization between the ssHPV16 oligos and cpHPV16 probe was confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, where PO2 and amide I and amide II bands from adenine and thymine were monitored. The electrical response could be modeled as resulting from an adsorption process represented in a Freundlich model. Because the fabrication procedures of the microfluidic devices and genosensors and the data collection and analysis can be implemented at low cost, the results presented here amount to a demonstration of possible routine screening for HPV infections.

Predicting treatment Response based on Dual assessment of magnetic resonance Imaging kinetics and Circulating Tumor cells in patients with Head and Neck cancer (PREDICT-HN): matching 'liquid biopsy' and quantitative tumor modeling.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved capacity to visualize tumor and soft tissue involvement in head and neck cancers. Using advanced MRI, we can interrogate cell density using diffusion weighted imaging, a quantitative imaging that can be used during radiotherapy, when diffuse inflammatory reaction precludes PET imaging, and can assist with target delineation as well. Correlation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) measurements with 3D quantitative tumor characterization could potentially allow selective, patient-specific response-adapted escalation or de-escalation of local therapy, and improve the therapeutic ratio, curing the greatest number of patients with the least toxicity. METHODS: The proposed study is designed as a prospective observational study and will collect pretreatment CT, MRI and PET/CT images, weekly serial MR imaging during RT and post treatment CT, MRI and PET/CT images. In addition, blood sample will be collected for biomarker analysis at those time intervals. CTC assessments will be performed on the CellSave tube using the FDA-approved CellSearch® Circulating Tumor Cell Kit (Janssen Diagnostics), and plasma from the EDTA blood samples will be collected, labeled with a de-identifying number, and stored at - 80 °C for future analyses. DISCUSSION: The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value and correlation of weekly tumor response kinetics (gross tumor volume and MR signal changes) and circulating tumor cells of mucosal head and neck cancers during radiation therapy using MRI in predicting treatment response and clinical outcomes. This study will provide landmark information as to the utility of CTCs ('liquid biopsy) and tumor-specific functional quantitative imaging changes during treatment to guide personalization of treatment for future patients. Combining the biological information from CTCs and the structural information from MRI may provide more information than either modality alone. In addition, this study could potentially allow us to determine the optimal time to obtain MR imaging and/ or CTCs during radiotherapy to assess tumor response and provide guidance for patient selection and stratification for future dose escalation or de-escalation strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03491176 ). Date of registration: 9th April 2018. (retrospectively registered). Date of enrolment of the first participant: 30th May 2017.

Malnutrition Identified by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Consensus Criteria and Other Bedside Tools Is Highly Prevalent in a Sample of Individuals Undergoing Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (Academy/ASPEN) Consensus malnutrition definition, we estimated malnutrition prevalence in a sample of individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC) and compared it with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). We also investigated the utility of the 50-kHz phase angle (PA) and 200-kHz/5-kHz impedance ratio (IR) to identify malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen individuals (18 males, 1 female) scheduled to undergo chemoradiotherapy were seen at 5 time points during and up to 3 months after treatment completion. Multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, PG-SGA, nutrition-focused physical examination, anthropometry, dietary intake, and handgrip strength data were collected. RESULTS: Using the Consensus, 67% were found to be malnourished before treatment initiation; these criteria diagnosed malnutrition with overall good sensitivity (94%) and moderate specificity (43%) compared with PG-SGA. Over all pooled observations, "malnourished" (by Consensus but not PG-SGA category) had a lower mean PA (5.2 vs 5.9; P = .03) and higher IR (0.82 vs 0.79; P = .03) than "well-nourished" categorizations, although the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. PA and IR were correlated with higher PG-SGA score (r = -0.35, r = 0.36; P < .01) and handgrip strength (r = 0.48, r = -0.47; P < .01). CONCLUSION: The Academy/ASPEN Consensus and the PG-SGA were in good agreement. It is unclear whether PA and IR can be used as surrogate markers of nutrition status or muscle loss.

AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Guideline recommendations for head and neck cancer of unknown primary site.

This article reviews the clinical practice guidelines for head and neck oncology focusing on the management of head and neck cancers of unknown primary (CUP). The primary purpose of this series is to raise awareness of the current guidelines in head and neck oncology by reviewing the recommendations and the evidence supporting such recommendations, particularly those published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). We review the importance of a thorough history and physical examination, the impact of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition changes and the importance of immunohistochemistry, the timing and type of imaging, the role of panendoscopy and tonsillectomy (palatine and lingual), and the role of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in the primary management of these tumors.

Cuidado clínico ao homem em cirurgia oncológica do trato aerodigestivo superior com necessidade de saúde e qualidade de vida / Clinical care to the man in oncological surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract with need of health and quality of life

Esta tese tem como objeto identificar a necessidade de cuidado e qualidade de vida de homens em tratamento cirúrgico oncológico do trato aerodigestivo superior. Trata-se da identificação das necessidades de cuidado e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos homens antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico e da avaliação dos domínios que afetaram a qualidade de vida, utilizando o questionário da Universidade de Washington (UW-QOL) para construção de uma cartilha de cuidado para as necessidades de saúde e qualidade de vida. Com bases na fundamentação teórico-conceitual de Masculinidades de Connell, de Cuidado de Coelho e de Cotidiano de Michel Certeau, utilizou-se o método misto, com 58 homens em tratamento cirúrgico. A coleta de dados aconteceu entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2016, no Hospital do Câncer I, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, respeitando as questões éticas com CAAE n° CEP-INCA 52647116430015274. Foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada com aplicação do questionário da (UW-QOL - 4° versão, 2006) para coleta de dados. Os resultados quantificáveis foram analisados pela estatística descritiva com auxílio do software R, e os qualificáveis, pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático de Bardin. Emergiram três categorias temáticas. A primeira ­ qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde do homem antes da cirurgia ­, caracterizou-se por atitudes positivas e negativas, já que qualidade de vida significava: poder trabalhar; ganhar dinheiro para sustentar a família; satisfação, como alimentar-se pela boca; comer churrasco e mastigar. Por outro lado, as atitudes que levaram o homem ao adoecimento e a genética das neoplasias do trato aerodigestivo superior estão associadas ao fumo, álcool e trabalho em excesso. A segunda categoria ­ qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde do homem após a cirurgia ­ aborda o contexto da cirurgia com aspectos positivos, renascimento por saberem que não tinham mais o câncer e sentir-se curados e não sentir mais dor, não ter ficado com limitações físicas e estéticas, além da qualidade de vida. Todavia, houve alterações funcionais orgânicas na fala, mastigação e deglutição associadas à cirurgia, que mudaram o cotidiano do homem. Logo, o construto de qualidade de vida antes e após a cirurgia foi caracterizado como subjetivo/objetivo e mulifatorial, por envolver dimensão de aspecto positivo e negativo à medida que o homem percebia a satisfação, ou não, das necessidades de saúde e as alterações de atividades laborais de vida diária. Na terceira categoria ­ necessidade de cuidado da saúde do homem em tratamento cirúrgico ­, os aspectos mais afetados foram os psicobiológicos e as necessidades de cuidado com alimentação via sonda gástrica e de informação sobre vida íntima, com demanda de cuidado integrado com a equipe de saúde. Nos resultados quantificaveis com aplicação do questionário UW-QOL, evidenciou-se que as médias mais altas foram os domínios "recreação" e "dor", e as mais baixas, "mastigação" e "fala". O pior resultado da melhor resposta possível do escore cem foram os domínios: "fala", "aparência" e "deglutição", com alterações funcionais e estéticas causando interferência na qualidade de vida. Logo, os homens lutaram pela vida com coragem, criatividade, com enfrentamento para o cuidado a saúde ou não. Mesmo com diminuição das atividades formais, buscaram o trabalho informal, persistindo na produção laboral como dimensão de masculinidade hegemônica.

This thesis intends to identify the needs of care and quality of life of men undergoing oncological surgical treatment of upper aerodigestive tract. It approaches the need for care and health-related quality of life of men before and after surgical treatment and the assessment of fields that affect the quality of life, using the University of Washington questionnaire (UW-QOL) for producing a primer of care for the needs of health and quality of life. Based on theoretical-conceptual grounds of Masculinities by Connell, Care by Coelho and Daily Life by Michel Certeau, the mixed method was used, with 58 men in surgical treatment. Data collection took place between February and December 2016, at Cancer Hospital I, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in compliance with the ethical issues of CAAE n° CEP- INCA 52647116430015274. Semi-structured interview was carried out with application of UW-QOL questionnaire, 4th version, 2006) for data collection. The quantifiable results were analyzed using descriptive statistics with R software assistance, and qualifiable results were analyzed using Badin ́s Thematic Content Analysis. Three themes emerged. The first, health- related quality of life of man before surgery, was characterized by positive and negative attitudes, since quality of life meant: capable to work, earn money to support the family, satisfaction with feeding by mouth, eat barbecue and chew. On the other hand, the attitudes that led to illness and genetics of upper aerodigestive tract neoplasms are associated to smoking, alcohol and excess work. The second category, health-related quality of life of man after surgery, approaches the context of surgery with positive aspects and the revival because they know that no longer had cancer and feel healed and feel no more pain, with no aesthetic and physical limitations, and a quality of life. However, there have been changes in the organic functional speech, chewing and swallowing associated with surgery, which changed the daily life of the men. Therefore, the construct of quality of life before and after surgery was characterized as subjective/objective and multifatorial, involving positive and negative aspect dimension, as the man realized the satisfaction, or not, of health needs and the changes of labour activities of daily life. In the third category, need for health care in surgical treatment, the most affected aspects were the psychobiological care needs with gastric tube feeding and information about private life, demanding integrated care from the health team. In the quantifiable results with application of UW-QOL questionnaire, it was shown that the higher means were the domains "amusement" and "pain", and the lowest were "chewing" and "talk". The worst result of the best possible answer of 100 score were the fields "speak", "appearance" and "swallowing" with functional and aesthetic changes causing interference on quality of life. Therefore, the men fought for life with courage, creativity, coping for health care or not. Even with reduction of formal activities, the men sought the informal work, persisting in the work production as the hegemonic masculinity dimension.

El objeto de esta tesis es identificar la necesidad de atención y calidad de vida de los hombres en tratamiento quirúrgico oncológico del tracto aerodigestivo superior. Trata la identificación de la necesidad de atención y calidad de vida relativa a la salud de hombres antes y después del tratamiento quirúrgico y evaluación de los campos que afectan la calidad de vida. Adopta el cuestionario de la Universidad de Washington (UW-QOL) para la construcción de una cartilla para satisfacer las necesidades de salud y calidad de vida. Basándose en la fundamentación teórico-conceptual de la masculinidad de Connell, de la atención de Coelho y de la vida cotidiana de Michel Certeau, se utilizó el método mixto, con 58 hombres en tratamiento quirúrgico. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre febrero y diciembre de 2016, en el Hospital del cáncer I, Río de Janeiro, Brasil, en cumplimiento de los aspectos éticos CAAE n° CEP-INCA 52647116430015274. La entrevista semiestructurada se realizó con la aplicación del cuestionario (UW-QOL- versión 4, 2006) para la recolección de datos. Los resultados cuantificables fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva con la ayuda de software R y los resultados cuantificables, por medio de la técnica de análisis de contenidos temáticos de Bardin. Tres categorías temáticas surgieron. La primera categoría - calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del hombre antes de la cirugía ­ se caracterizó por actitudes positivas y negativas, porque la calidad de vida significa: se puede trabajar; ganar dinero para mantener a su familia; satisfacción, como la alimentación por vía oral; comer barbacoa y masticar. Por otra parte, las actitudes que condujeron al hombre a la enfermedad y genética de neoplasias del tracto aerodigestivo superior se asocian a fumar, el alcohol y el exceso de trabajo. La segunda categoría ­ calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del hombre después de la cirugía ­ analiza el contexto de la cirugía con aspectos positivos, un renacimiento porque saben que ya no tienen cáncer y se sienten curados y no sienten más dolor, no quedam con limitaciones estética y física y tienen calidad de vida. Sin embargo, ha habido cambios en el discurso funcional orgánico, masticación y deglución asociados con la cirugía, que cambió la vida cotidiana del hombre. Por consiguiente, el constructo de calidad de vida antes y después de la cirugía fue caracterizado como subjetivo/objetivo y mulifatorial, con dimensión de los aspectos positivos y negativos en la medida que el hombre entendía la satisfacción, o no, de las necesidades de salud y los cambios de las actividades laborales de la vida cotidiana. En la tercera categoría ­ necesidad de atención de salud en el tratamiento quirúrgico, los más afectados fueron los aspectos psicobiológicos y el cuidado de las necesidades con alimentación por sonda gástrica e información sobre la vida privada, con demanda de atención integrada con el equipo de salud. En los resultados cuantificables con aplicación del cuestionario UW-QOL, se evidenció que la media más alta fueran los dominios de "recreación" y "dolor" y la más baja, "masticar" y "hablar". El peor resultado de la mejor respuesta posible de la puntuación 100 fueron los campos: "hablar", "apariencia" y "deglución", con cambios funcionales y estéticos que causan interferencia en la calidad de vida. Por consiguiente, los hombres lucharon por la vida con valentía, creatividad, sobrellevando la atención de la salud o no. A pesar de la reducción de las actividades formales, los hombres buscaran el trabajo informal, que persiste en la producción laboral como dimensión de la masculinidad hegemónica.