Dynamic Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Penile Cancer: Accuracy is in the Technique.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate an operative standard for dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSLNB). Long-term survival in men with penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) depends on accurately staging lymph node metastases. European Association of Urology (EAU) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recognize DSLNB as a standard for staging men with intermediate to high-risk tumors and clinically absent inguinal lymphadenopathy. DSLNB accuracy has been linked with pre-operative planning and surgical technique, yet no peer-reviewed video exists to establish an operative standard. Here we present a narrated video of our technique and discuss the accuracy of this approach using retrospective patient data. METHODS: Ethics approval and patient consent was obtained. Retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing DSLNB for inguinal lymph node staging of histologically proven penile SCC. Data was included from 2 experienced uro-oncologists with subspecialty training in penile cancer working in Victoria, Australia between January 2015 and July 2021. Variables collected included Primary tumour histology, DSLNB pathology, progression to radical inguinal lymph node dissection (RILND) and recurrence patterns. DSLNB sensitivity and proportion of groins spared RILND is calculated. RESULTS: DSLNB was performed on 127 groins (64 patients) during the study period. Within the cohort, 44% (n = 28) of patients had a pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Analysis of primary tumor intervention demonstrates that 82.8% (n = 53) of men underwent penile sparing surgery. Tumor histology in 88% of patients (n = 56) demonstrated pT1-pT2 disease. Overall n = 19 groins undergoing DSLNB were positive for malignancy and n = 108 were negative. 36 groins progressed to RILND during a mean follow up of 29 months. Only 2 groins that previously had a negative DSLNB were positive on RILND, one in the groin and one in the pelvis. We observed a false negative rate of 1.9% and a sensitivity of 90.5%. In our cohort DSLNB allowed 71.7% of groins to proceed for surveillance instead of prophylactic radical ILND. CONCLUSIONS: DSLNB is a safe and accurate method for assessing inguinal lymphadenopathy in men with intermediate to high-risk penile SCC and impalpable groins. This video study establishes an operative standard for DSLNB with oncological outcomes are consistent with international expectations. Standardized use of DSLNB by an experienced team will reduce morbidity while maintaining oncological safety for men with intermediate to high-risk penile cancer and cN0 disease.

Microsurgical treatment of lower extremity lymphedema: A multidisciplinary approach to improve morbidity in advanced penile cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION: Lower extremity lymphedema is a major source of morbidity in up to 70% of penile cancer patients. Lymphedema is often thought to be incurable, though surgical treatments have started to emerge. This study is the first to apply lymphovenous bypass specifically to penile cancer patients status post lymphadenectomy. METHODS: We performed microsurgical lymphovenous bypass in 3 patients who underwent inguinal lymphadenectomy for advanced penile cancer, and later lymph node transplant in 1 patient. RESULTS: The lymphovenous bypass was performed by a trained microsurgeon: Two patients were treated as outpatients for lymphedema, and 1 patient underwent prophylactic lymphovenous bypass simultaneously with initial lymphadenectomy. We saw significant improvement in patient's clinical lymphedema as well as lymphatic drainage on infared imaging for 2 of 3 patients at 12 months, however 1 of these patients did require later lymph node transfer at 24 months. CONCLUSION: This early proof of concept study shows that these procedures should be considered and studied further in the treatment and prevention of debilitating lymphedema in the penile cancer population.

Making surgery safer by centralization of care: impact of case load in penile cancer.

PURPOSE: Penile cancer is a rare but aggressive disease, often requiring a rapid and extensive surgical treatment of the primary tumor and staging or treatment of the inguinal lymph node basins. Current management and guidelines of the disease are mainly based on retrospective data, as there is a lack of controlled trials or large series. The purpose of this work is to review contemporary data on the impact of centralization and formation of rare disease networks on penile cancer care and outcomes. METHODS: This narrative, non-systematic review is based on publications retrieved by a PubMed and EMBASE search and on the current guidelines of the European Association of Urology, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the National Comprehensive Cancer network. RESULTS: The low case load, particularly in non-specialized centres, combined with limited evidence regularly results in a disparity between the treatment strategy and the guidelines. The suboptimal guideline adherence is specifically the case for organ-sparing surgery and surgical staging of the groin areas in selected cases. Treatment of the disease in high-volume referral centres has been shown to improve the use of organ-sparing surgery, the utilization of invasive lymph node staging in high-risk patients, and finally has resulted in increased survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: The management of penile cancer in disease networks and in countries where centralized healthcare is offered positively influences functional and oncological outcomes. We propose that governments and health care providers should be encouraged to centralize healthcare for rare tumors such as penile cancer.

Differences in Survival Associated with Performance of Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Invasive Penile Cancer: Results from the National Cancer Database.

PURPOSE: Inguinal lymphadenectomy remains under performed in patients with invasive penile cancer. Using a large national cancer registry we assessed temporal trends in inguinal lymphadenectomy performance and evaluated the impact of the procedure on survival in patients in whom inguinal lymphadenectomy was an absolute indication (T1b-4 N0/x-1) according to NCCN® (National Comprehensive Cancer Network®) Guidelines®. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We queried the National Cancer Database for all cases of nonmetastatic, T1b-4 N0/x-1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from 2004 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for patient, demographic, and clinicopathological characteristics were used to examine the association between available covariates and receipt of inguinal lymphadenectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was then done to assess the impact of clinical and pathological variables on overall survival. Propensity score weighted analysis was performed to assess the effect of inguinal lymphadenectomy on overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 2,224 patients met analysis criteria, of whom 606 (27.2%) underwent inguinal lymphadenectomy. Following adjustment the procedure was more likely in younger patients, those who presented with palpable adenopathy (cN1), those treated at an academic facility and those with a more contemporary diagnosis. On survival analysis controlling for all known and measured confounders inguinal lymphadenectomy was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.84, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At hospitals that report to the National Cancer Database the overall rate of inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with invasive penile cancer was only 27.2%. Inguinal lymphadenectomy was associated with increased overall survival, justifying the procedure as an important quality metric for performance reporting in patients with invasive penile cancer.

Successful downstaging of locally recurrent penile squamous cell carcinoma with neoadjuvant nanosomal docetaxel lipid suspension (NDLS) based regimen followed by curative surgery.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a relatively rare disease in Western world but is a significant health problem in developing countries like India. We report here a case of successful multimodality management of recurrent pSCC with pelvic lymphadenopathy in a 56-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes. The patient presented with ulceroproliferative growth over the residual penile stump clinically involving root of penis and with right pelvic lymphadenopathy. The patient had a history of partial penectomy done elsewhere 20 months ago. In view of the comorbidities, locally recurrent disease and presence of right Iliac lymphadenopathy, the patient was treated with nanosomal docetaxel lipid suspension (NDLS), cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF regimen) in the neoadjuvant setting followed by staged surgical resection. This is the first case report showing successful treatment of recurrent pSCC with NDLS-based TPF regimen in the neoadjuvant setting followed by staged surgery in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes.

Patterns of Regional Lymphadenectomy for Clinically Node-negative Patients With Penile Carcinoma: Analysis From the National Cancer Database From 1998 to 2012.

PURPOSE: Evidence supports upfront regional lymphadenectomy (rND) when primary penile tumors exhibit high-risk features and negative inguinal adenopathy (cN0). We sought to analyze trends in the utilization of early rND as well as assess factors associated with its use and survival outcomes using a nationwide cancer registry database. PATIENT AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with clinically nonmetastatic penile carcinoma and available nodal status who underwent rND from 1998 to 2012. Temporal trends in the utilization of early rND for those with cN0 disease were analyzed, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for receiving rND. Survival analysis based on rND status was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: From 1919 patients with available clinicopathologic variables, performance of early rND was documented in 377 (19.6%) patients with an increase in utilization over time (P = .001). The increase was driven by academic and comprehensive cancer programs compared with community programs (P < .001). Positive predictors were treatment facility, clinical tumor stage, and grade (all P < .05). African American patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.86; P = .01) and those aged > 75 years (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.68; P < .001) were significantly less likely to receive rND. Early rND was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.87; P = .003). CONCLUSION: There was increased use of early lymphadenectomy for patients with cN0 penile cancer driven by comprehensive and academic cancer programs. The study demonstrated demographic and socioeconomic differences that can help identify barriers to care for patients with penile cancer in the United States.

Disparity between pre-existing management of penile cancer and NCCN guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the locoregional management of penile cancer before the introduction of NCCN guidelines and how much shift in practice patterns is required to meet the guidelines. METHODS: The National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify 6,396 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. The cohort was divided into management groups based on the NCCN guidelines: cTa and cTis (cTa/is), pT1 low grade (T1LG), pT1 high grade (T1HG), and pT2 or greater (T234). These groups were analyzed to determine if management of locoregional disease complies with the 2016 NCCN guidelines and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with adherence. RESULTS: Nationwide management of the primary tumor closely follows the NCCN guidelines, with 96.9% adherence for cTa/is, 91.4% for T1LG, and 94.2% for T234. Management of regional lymph nodes (LNs) was inadequate with only 62.9% of patients with clinical N1 or N2 disease undergoing regional LN dissection (LND). The percentage of patients with known LN metastases who received regional LND increased over time (46.2% in 2004 to 69.4% in 2013, P = 0.034). Patients treated at community cancer programs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19-0.35), comprehensive community cancer programs (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29-0.41), and integrated network cancer programs (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.25-0.52) were significantly less likely to receive LND compared with patients treated at academic comprehensive cancer programs. CONCLUSIONS: Before the introduction of NCCN guidelines, national practice patterns for the management of the primary tumor were consistent with the recommendations. However, the management of regional LNs deviated from the guidelines, reflecting an area for improvement.

Laser therapy for the treatment of pearly penile papules.

Pearly penile papules (PPP) present as dome-shaped papules of no more than 3 mm in diameter that line the base of the glans of the penis. These benign lesions affect between 14.3 and 48 % of men. While often asymptomatic, PPP can cause a great deal of psychological distress that may warrant treatment. Current treatment options include cryotherapy, electrodessication, and curettage (ED&C). However, these modalities may have considerable adverse cosmetic effects, including scarring, pain, and pigmentary changes. Laser modalities offer clear potential for improved cosmetic outcome in PPP treatment, but is not routinely used. Thus, a systematic review of available literature using the National Library of Medicine database PubMed was completed to find articles relevant to the treatment of PPP with laser and light therapy. The systematic search and screening of articles resulted in inclusion of eight articles discussing a total of 55 patients with PPP treated by laser therapy. The present systematic review found that erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) and CO2 laser were the most commonly reported (n = 45 and 7, respectively). Furthermore, the use of CO2, Er:YAG, pulsed dye laser, and fractional photothermolysis therapies demonstrated complete clearance of PPP in all cases with minimal complications and discomfort. Thus, based on the currently available evidence, laser therapy is a well-tolerated and efficacious method for treating PPP with minimal long-term adverse effects and a cosmetically desirable outcome. Although the included studies are limited in power, this systematic review offers clinically relevant insight into the potential for laser therapy.

Intraarterial chemotherapy as the first-line therapy in penile cancer.

BACKGROUND: Limited literature on the role of intraarterial chemotherapy as first-line therapy for penile squamous cell carcinoma is available. METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, a total of 12 patients with various stages of penile squamous cell carcinoma received intraarterial chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic agents used were methotrexate, mitomycin C, bleomycin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. Surgery was followed by the tumour responses. RESULTS: An objective tumour response was noted in 10 of 12 patients (83%, 4 complete responders and 6 partial responders). In node-negative patients (n=7), the response rate was 100% (4 complete responders and 3 partial responders). Even in advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with nodal invasion, a response rate of 60% could be achieved. Grade 2 anorexia was the most frequent chemotherapy-related toxicity and no toxic death was noted. Recurrence-free survival was significantly better in patients without lymph node invasion (log-rank test, P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy displayed excellent responses for penile squamous cell carcinoma. This therapy could effectively shrink the tumour burden or even achieve complete response before surgery. It could be used as first-line strategy for penile cancer treatment because of low toxicity.

Linfadenectomía inguinal vídeo endoscópica: resultados quirúrgicos y oncológicos / Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy: Surgical and oncological results

Introducción: Evaluamos la reproducibilidad de la linfadenectomía inguinal vídeo endoscópica (VEIL) y relatamos nuestra experiencia inicial en el tratamiento del cáncer de pene con ganglios palpables .Material y métodos: De julio de 2006 a noviembre de 2010 fueron realizadas 33 linfadenectomías inguinales vídeo endoscópicas en 20 pacientes, como tratamiento complementario del cáncer de pene, en 2 hospitales de referencia en Latinoamérica. Fueron analizadas las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes, así como los resultados quirúrgicos y oncológicos. Resultados: De los pacientes incluidos el 55% fueron de estadio clínico N0 y el 45% fueron N+. La VEIL se llevó a cabo de forma bilateral en 13 pacientes y en 7 casos se realizó VEIL unilateral, asociada con la cirugía convencional contralateral. El tiempo operatorio medio de la VEIL fue de 119 min, y la media de adenopatías resecadas fue de 8 por cada linfadenectomía. La tasa global de complicaciones fue del 33,2%. Ningún paciente presentó necrosis cutánea. La tasa de complicaciones linfáticas fue del 27,2%. En los 6 casos en que se preservó la vena safena interna (18,2%) no hubo complicaciones linfáticas (p = 0,2). La tasa de sobrevida global fue del80% y la sobrevida cáncer específica fue del 90%. El seguimiento medio fue de 20 meses. Conclusiones: La VEIL en el tratamiento complementario del cáncer de pene es un procedimiento seguro y reproducible, siendo una alternativa a la linfadenectomía convencional. Los pacientes con adenopatías palpables también se pueden beneficiar con esta técnica. Los resultados oncológicos son adecuados, aunque se necesita más tiempo de seguimiento (AU)

Introduction: We evaluated the reproducibility of video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) and we report our initial experience in the treatment of penile cancer with palpable inguinal lymph nodes. Material and methods: From July 2006 to November 2010 were conducted 33 VEIL in 20 patients as complementary treatment for penile cancer in two referral hospitals in Latin America. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients and surgical and oncologic outcomes. Results: Fifty-five percent of the patients included were clinical stage N0 and 45% were N +.Thirteen patients underwent bilateral VEIL and the remaining seven underwent VEIL unilateral and conventional open surgery in the contralateral limb. The average operative time for VEIL was 119 minutes and mean resected lymph nodes was 8 per lymphadenectomy. The overall complication rate was 33.2%. No patient had skin necrosis. The lymphatic complication rate was 27.2%. Of the 6 cases in which the saphenous vein was preserved (18.2%) there were no lymphatic complications (P = 0,2). The overall survival rate was 80% and cancer-specific survival was 90%. Mean follow-up was 20 months. Conclusions: VEIL in the adjunctive treatment of penile cancer is safe, reproducible and maybe an alternative to conventional lymphadenectomy. Patients with palpable lymphadenopathy also may benefit from this technique. Oncological results seem to be adequate however require longer follow-up to be confirmed (AU)

[Treatment of 58 cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To search for rational and effective treatments for penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 58 cases of pathologically confirmed PSCC, focusing on the treatment methods. RESULTS: Based on Jackson Staging, 25 of the 58 cases fell into stage I, 18 stage II, 11 stage III, and 4 stage IV. Fifty-three of the patients were treated by surgery, of whom 43 underwent limited resection of the tumor or partial amputation of the penis, and the other 10 received total penis amputation plus perineal urethrostomy and clearance of lymphoglandulae iliacae and inguinal lymph nodes, with the lymphoglandulae iliacae positive in 1 case and the inguinal lymph nodes positive in all. Thirty-seven cases received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (thermotherapy plus chemotherapy) and combined postoperative chemotherapy, 12 postoperative chemotherapy only, and 4 merely surgery. Five of the total number underwent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy without surgery. The 2-5 years follow-up of 48 patients found recurrence in 4 cases of partial penis amputation within 2 years, 4 deaths within 2 years, 7 deaths from 2 to 5 years. The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 91.7% and 77.1%, respectively. Ten of the cases were lost in follow-up. CONCLUSION: Surgery + neoadjuvant hormonal therapy + postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is an effective method for PSCC, but whether it can reduce the recurrence of PSCC and improve the survival of the patients remains to be further studied.

Cáncer de pene. Nuestra experiencia en 15 años / Cancer of the penis. Our experience in 15 years

Objetivos: Revisión y análisis de los factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución del cáncer de pene. Material y Métodos: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo desde 1992 hasta el 2007, en el que se incluyeron 47 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de pene tratados en nuestro servicio. Se analiza factores de riesgo, síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento, y evolución de los pacientes. El estadiaje clínico y anatomopatológico se hizo acorde a la clasificación TNM, teniendo en cuenta el examen físico, pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen y hallazgos de la pieza quirúrgica. El tiempo medio de seguimiento es de 50 meses (rango 12 a 120 meses).Para el análisis estadístico univariante se utilizo la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, y para el análisis de la supervivencia el método de Kaplan Meir. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 60 años (28-91 años), siendo el 95% de ellos mayores de 50.Presentaron adenopatías al diagnóstico 16 pacientes (34%) siendo las más frecuente (62%) las adenopatías unilaterales inguinales. Ningún caso presentó metástasis a distancia. De los 27 casos (57%) a los que se les realizó calcio en sangre al momento del diagnostico, encontramos hipercalcemia en 8 (30%). El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en la mayoría (95%), siendo la técnica más empleada la penectomía parcial en 25 (53%). En 4 sujetos se decidió la radioterapia como tratamiento inicial. A 14 se les realizó una linfaadenectomía, siendo la técnica más frecuente la inguinal bilateral profunda (8 pacientes). Respecto al estadio TNM, la mayoría de pacientes presentaron un estadio clínico localizado: T1N0M0 23 %, T2N0M027%. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico en el 100% de los casos fue carcinoma epidermoide (80% fue bien diferenciado) En la última revisión 31 casos (76%) estaban libres de enfermedad. Hubo 11 (24%) casos que presentaron recidiva y fueron tratados: 3 con radioterapia, 7 cirugía de rescate y 1 de ellos con quimioterapia. Los factores pronósticos adversos más importantes son la presencia de adenopatías, el estadio clínico al diagnóstico y el grado de diferenciación celular (p=0,001) Once pacientes fallecieron a lo largo del seguimiento, 9 de los cuales por progresión de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El carcinoma de pene sigue siendo una enfermedad maligna poco frecuente en nuestro medio. Los factores pronósticos adversos más importantes son la presencia de adenopatías, el estadio clínico al diagnóstico y el grado de diferenciación celular. El tratamiento más eficaz del cáncer de pene es quirúrgico, reservando la quimioterapia y radioterapia para adyuvancia o terapia de rescate. La hipercalcemia es un hallazgo frecuente cuando los pacientes presentan adenopatías (AU)

Objective: To review and analysis the diagnosis, treatment, evolution, and risk factors of the penis cancer. Material and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study between 1992 and 2007. We included 47 patients with penis cancer diagnose of treated in our service. We analyzed risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The staging was done according to the TNM classification, taking into account the physical exam, radiology and the surgical findings. The average time of follow-up was 50 months (range 12 to 120 months). For univariate statistical analysis the Chi-square test was used, and for the survival the method of Kaplan Meir. Results: Mean age was 60 years (28-91 years), being 95% older than 50.At the diagnosis 16 patients (34%) had lymphatic nodes, being the most frequent location was unilateral inguinal nodes (62%).Of the 27 cases (57%) who underwent blood calcium check at the time of diagnosis, we found hypercalcaemia in 8 patients (30%).The surgical treatment was the gold standard treatment. The technique more frequently employed was the partial penectomy 25 (53%). 4patients received radiotherapy as inicial treatment. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 14 patients, mostly bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (8 patients).The pathology finding at 100% of the cases was squamous cell carcinoma (80% well differentiated). Regarding to the TNM, most of the patients had a clinical stage located: T1N0M0 23%, T2N0M0 27%.The most significant adverse prognostic factors were the presence of lymph nodes, clinical stage at the diagnosis and the degree of cell differentiation(p = 0001).At the last review 36 (76%) cases were free of disease. There were 11 (24%) cases that presented recurrence and were treated: 3 patients with radiotherapy, surgery was used in 7 patients and 1 patient with chemotherapy. Eleven patients died during follor up, 9 of thes from disease progression. Conclusions: The carcinoma of the penis remains a rare malignancy in our centre. Hypercalcemia is a common finding when patients have lymph nodes. The most significant adverse prognostic factors were the presence of lymph nodes, clinical stage at the diagnosis and the degree of cell differentiation. The most effective treatment for cancer of the penis is surgery reserving chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the recurrence (AU)

[Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced penile cancer]. / Neoadjuvante und adjuvante Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Peniskarzinom.

With an incidence of 0.1-0.9/100,000 men per year penile cancer is a rare cancer of the urogenital tract in Western Europe. At the time of initial diagnosis up to 45% of the patients already demonstrate metastatic disease and need some type of systemic treatment. It is the aim of this paper to review the current concepts of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced penile cancer. A curative effect of combined surgical and cytotoxic management can only be achieved in patients with locoregional spread to the lymph nodes, but not with systemic spread. Although there are prospective randomized trials available indicating the optimal cytotoxic regime, cisplatin-based protocols or combination therapies with bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate appear to be the most effective options. Finally, there are no data available with regard to the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on progression-free survival. In patients with locoregional bulky disease or with fixed inguinal lymph nodes, neoadjuvant chemotherapy will result in a partial response in 20-60% of patients and enables complete resection of the mass. For the future, the use of taxane-based chemotherapy as described for squamous cell cancer of other origin might improve outcome.

Reflective, holistic care after radical penectomy.

This case study describes the management of a patient with complex problems by a urology nurse specialist. Penile amputation and the creation of a colostomy had a severe impact on body image so the patient's care required a holistic approach. He also needed the support of community nurses, and collaboration between them and the urology nurse specialist prevented fragmentation of his care in the end stages of his life.

[Tuberous angioma of the glans penis: treatment with laser and local anesthesia]. / Angioma tuberoso del glande del pene: tratamiento con láser y anestesia local.

A case of angioma tuberous of the glans penis treated with Neodymiun:Yag laser under local anesthesia in a eleven-years-old outpatient is reported. These lesions are extremely rare. Local excision of this tumor was accepted treatment, but we think that laser treatment (Neodymiun:Yag) is far superior to surgical excision and we think this treatment of choice. The particularity of the case we report, is aside the rarity, the possibility of treatment in an outpatient child, with local anesthesia and excellent tolerance.

Acurácia do exame clínico dos linfonodos inguinais no câncer do pênis: análise de 134 linfadenectomias / The sensitivity of inguinal lymphatic nodes on clinical examinazation, in penile cancer

O câncer de pênis é uma doença rara nos países desenvolvidos. Apresenta, no entanto, importantes taxas de incidência nos países em desenvolvimento. a amputação e linfadenectomia bilateral é principal forma de tratamento. em virtude das altas taxas de morbidade do tratamento cirurgico, é importante a seleção dos reais candidatos às linfadenectomias. A presente investigação teve por finalidade avaliar a acurácia do exame clínico dos linfonodos inguinais em 67 pacientes portadores de carcinoma invasivo de pênis submetidos à amputação e linfadenectomia bilateral. As taxas de falso-positivo e falso-negativo foram 37,2por cento e 37,5por cento respectivamente. a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo foram de 75por cento, 48,4por cento, 62,8por cento e 62,5por cento, respectivamente. A presente investigação mostra a pouca eficiência do exame clínico dos linfonodos inguinais no estadiamento do câncer de pênis