RESUMEN
Objective: To guide the rational use of antibiotic drugs in clinical practice for doctors by the analysis of pathogens distribution, transition and drug resistance of bacteria in sputum samples of pneumoconiosis patients combined with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods: 2 199 qualified sputum samples from 214 pneumoconiosis patients collected from January 2008 to December 2012 were examined by bacterium or fungus education. BioMerieux API and Eastern Cowin application software were used to do bacterial identification, and K-B method recommended by the NCCLS was used to take drug sensitivity tests. Results: 508 pathogens were isolated from sputum specimens and the positive rate among them was 23.1%. The majority of pathogens were fungus and Gram-negative bacteria, with the detection rates 50.0%, 40.7% respectively. Bacterial identification results show that the majority of pathogens of sputum samples were candida albicans, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. Susceptibility results show that P. aeruginosa was 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone (non-meningitis) and acinetobacter baumannii was 100% sensitivite to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone/sul-bactam and imipenem. These two bacteria were resistant to many kinds of antibiotic drugs, and the sensitive rates to cephalothin and clindamycin were 0%. Conclusion: The infections of pneumoconiosis patients combined with lower respiratory tract infection were fungi, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii, which have a significant drug resistance. Doctors should consider the results of laboratory detection of pathogens and sensitivity test to select the antibiotic drugs in order to reduce the generation of resistant strains.