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1.
BMC Cancer ; 13: 315, 2013 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23805780

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There are strong indications for a causal association between areca-nut consumption and cancers. In Meghalaya, India, the variety of areca-nut is used as raw and unprocessed form whose chemical composition and pharmacological actions have been reported. Yet we know little on the initial pathway involved in areca-nut associated carcinogenesis since it is difficult to assess its effects on genetic alterations without interference of other compounding factors. Therefore, present study was undertaken in mice to verify the ability of raw areca-nut (RAN) to induce cancer and to monitor the expression of certain genes involved in carcinogenesis. This study was not intended to isolate any active ingredients from the RAN and to look its action. METHODS: Three groups of mice (n = 25 in each) were taken and used at different time-points for different experimental analysis. The other three groups of mice (n = 15 in each) were considered for tumor induction studies. In each set, two groups were administered RAN-extract ad libitum in drinking water with or without lime. The expression of certain genes was assessed by conventional RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The mice were given the whole RAN-extract with and without lime in order to mimic the human consumption style of RAN. RESULTS: Histological preparation of stomach tissue revealed that RAN induced stomach cancer. A gradual increase in the frequency of precocious anaphase and aneuploid cells was observed in the bone marrow cells with a greater increment following RAN + lime administeration. Levels of p53, Bax, Securin and p65 in esophageal and stomach cells were elevated during early days of RAN exposure while those of different mitotic checkpoint proteins were downregulated. Apoptotic cell death was detected in non-cancerous stomach cells but not in tumor cells which showed overexpression of Bax and absence of PARP. CONCLUSION: Present study suggested (a) RAN induces stomach cancer, however, presence of lime promoted higher cell transformation and thereby developed cancer earlier, (b) perturbations in components of the chromosome segregation machinery could be involved in the initial process of carcinogenicity and (c) the importance of precocious anaphase as a screening marker for identification of mitotic checkpoint defects during early days.


Asunto(s)
Areca/toxicidad , Inestabilidad Cromosómica/efectos de los fármacos , Genes cdc/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiología , Animales , Inestabilidad Cromosómica/genética , Citometría de Flujo , Genes cdc/genética , Immunoblotting , Ratones , Nueces/toxicidad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptoma/genética
2.
Am J Med Sci ; 346(4): 273-8, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23249882

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco. METHODS: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.


Asunto(s)
Areca/toxicidad , Compuestos de Calcio/toxicidad , Óxidos/toxicidad , Enfermedades Periodontales/inducido químicamente , Piper/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Tabaco sin Humo/toxicidad , Adulto , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/inducido químicamente , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/epidemiología , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Mandibulares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Mandibulares/epidemiología , Masticación , Enfermedades Maxilares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Maxilares/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueces/efectos adversos , Nueces/toxicidad , Pakistán/epidemiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos
3.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 48(3): 898-902, 2010 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20060029

RESUMEN

The effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut oil-based diet on the growth performance and some biochemical constituents of rat tissues was investigated following a feeding period of 6 weeks. The results revealed that the volume of water taken, the amount of feed consumed and the weight gained by the animals maintained on the nut oil-based diet were not significantly (P>0.05) different from those fed on soybean oil-based diet. The reduction in the activities of ALP, GOT and GPT in the liver and heart of animals fed on the nut oil-based diet was accompanied by increase in the serum enzymes. The nut oil-based diet significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-C whereas triglycerides and atherogenic index increased. The serum LDL-C level of the nut oil-based diet fed animals compared well with those of soybean oil-based diet. These alterations suggested that adverse effects have occurred, possibly by altered membrane permeability of the hepatocytes and cardiac cells. Similar alterations in the serum lipids of animals maintained on nut oil-based diet also portends cardiovascular risk. Although, T. conophorum nut oil did not adversely affect growth performance and the feeding appetite of the animals, it is not completely 'safe' for consumption.


Asunto(s)
Euphorbiaceae/química , Nueces/toxicidad , Aceites de Plantas/toxicidad , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Femenino , Indicadores y Reactivos , Masculino , Nigeria , Nueces/química , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Glycine max/química , Triglicéridos/sangre
4.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 23(5): 840-7, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19410643

RESUMEN

Areca quid chewing is a major risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Clinical evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of the oral diseases is closely associated with immune deterioration. The objective of the present studies was to investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of areca nut extract (ANE) in lymphocytes. Exposure of naïve splenic lymphocytes to ANE significantly enhanced apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Results from Hoechst staining confirmed the morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in ANE-treated cells. ANE treatment induced the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), which preceded the occurrence of apoptosis. In parallel with the disruption of Deltapsi(m), ANE induced the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase-9, indicating the activation of the mitochondrion-dependent pathway. Moreover, an increased level in the intracellular reactive oxygen species was detected in ANE-treated lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. ANE-mediated apoptosis, caspase-9 activation and ROS production, but not Deltapsi(m) depolarization, were partially but significantly attenuated in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Collectively, these results demonstrated the pro-apoptotic effect of ANE in primary lymphocytes, which was mediated, at least in part, by the activation of the mitochondrion-dependent pathway and oxidative stress.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Areca/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nueces/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Bazo/citología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo
5.
Med Parazitol (Mosk) ; (3): 43-6, 2000.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10981413

RESUMEN

A kerosene milky-stage walnut (Juglans spp.) extract, a folk medication, has come into wide use in the past 30 years. The drug CK-I was prepared on a scientific basis. Its acute toxicity and toxicological profile were studied on albino mice and rats, chickens, chicken embryos, piglets. The maximum non-lethal dose of CK-I was 19 g/kg for albino mice and 21 g/kg for albino rats. The drug can be classified as i.v. hazard class. The anthelmintic effects of CK-I were examined in mice with cyphaciasis and in chickens with ascariasis and heterakiasis. In murine cyphaciasis, CK-I given in a dose of 75 mg/kg to albino mice provided 100% efficiency. Its doses of 800 and 1000 mg/kg were required to achieve this effect in chick ascariasis and heterakiasis, respectively.


Asunto(s)
Antinematodos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Nematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Nueces/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Animales , Animales no Consanguíneos , Antinematodos/toxicidad , Pollos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Queroseno/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Nueces/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Solventes/toxicidad
6.
Mutat Res ; 367(1): 25-31, 1996 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8596543

RESUMEN

In Taiwan, people chew betel quid which contains tender areca nut with husk. In other countries, people prefer ripe and dried areca nut without husk. In this study, we compared the reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative DNA damage in isolated DNA and CHO-K1 cells between treatments with tender areca nut extract (ANE) and ripe ANE. Incubation of these two ANE preparations with isolated DNA generated 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in an alkaline environment in a dose-dependent manner. Ripe ANE generated higher levels of 8-OH-dG compared to tender ANE. The addition of iron(II) (100 microM) resulted in 1.4- and 3.1-fold increases of 8-OH-dG when incubated with 1 mg/ml each of tender and ripe ANE. In testing the effect of ANE to cellular DNA, CHO-K1 cells were used for its documented sensitivity to reactive oxygen species. In CHO-K1 cells, ripe ANE was more cytotoxic than tender ANE following an 18-h incubation. The cytotoxicity to CHO-K1 cells was positively correlated with the formation of 8-OH-dG following tender (r=0.97) and ripe (r=0.91) ANE treatment. Addition of the iron chelating agent o-phenanthroline (10 and 20 microM) to cells prior to ri ANE exposure significantly increased (p<0.05) the survival of CHO-K1 cells. In addition, ripe ANE induced dichlorofluorescein-mediated fluorescence which indicated the formation of hydrogen peroxide in CHO-K1 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ANE-induced oxidative damage to isolated and cellular DNA which may result from the generation of hydrogen peroxide, and iron may serve as a catalyst in this process. Furthermore, ripe ANE generated higher oxidative DNA damage levels compared to tender ANE.


Asunto(s)
Areca , Daño del ADN , Nueces/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Plantas Medicinales , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Animales , Células CHO , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cricetinae , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Compuestos Férricos/farmacología , Peces , Fluorescencia , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Masculino , Fenantrolinas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Espermatozoides
7.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 31(6): 439-42, 1993 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8514216

RESUMEN

Aqueous extracts of different brands of pan masala and scented supari were tested for mutagenicity by the Salmonella typhimurium assay using tester strains TA98 and TA100. These extracts were found to be mutagenic to both tester strains. The mutagenic effects of pan masala and scented supari extracts were similar to that produced by areca nut extract. The addition of 500 ppm saccharin to the supari extracts did not alter the mutagenic response.


Asunto(s)
Areca , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Nueces/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Plantas Medicinales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , India , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética
8.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol ; 118(4): 283-8, 1992.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1577847

RESUMEN

The genotoxic potential of the aqueous extract of areca nut as well as arecoline, the major alkaloid of the areca nut, was tested with the help of cytogenetic markers such as sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations, utilizing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The continuous-treatment and pulse-treatment schedules yielded dose-dependent elevations in the frequencies of sister-chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration in CHO cells, indicating a genotoxic effect of both the extract and arecoline. The results also imply that, besides arecoline, there may be some other water-extractable substances in the areca nut that make the extract more genotoxic. The chromosome damage was found to be more severe on treating the cells with low concentrations and for longer duration, which mimic the effects of chronic areca nut consumption.


Asunto(s)
Areca , Arecolina/toxicidad , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Nueces/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Plantas Medicinales , Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células CHO/efectos de los fármacos , Células CHO/fisiología , Cricetinae , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga
9.
J Comp Pathol ; 104(3): 313-26, 1991 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2061431

RESUMEN

Twelve light horse geldings developed laminitis within 8 to 12 h of being dosed by nasogastric tube with an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra). Four of the 12 horses developed the severe signs of grade 3 laminitis (lame at a walk, refused to lift feet). Laminitis was accompanied by mild depression and limb oedema. There was no evidence of shock or colic. The horses developed neutropenia by 4 h after dosing with the extract, which shifted to a relative neutrophilia by 8 to 12 h. Minimal increases in plasma epinephrine and cortisol concentrations were suggested in severely affected horses. Severe laminitis was characterized by necrosis of dermal tips of dorsal primary epidermal laminae. A proliferative epithelial response in these laminae was distinguished by numerous mitotic figures and clusters of epithelial cells. This evidence suggests that black walnut toxicosis is not only a consistent clinical model, but is also a reliable clinico-pathological and pathological model for study of the pathogenesis and treatment of laminitis.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/inducido químicamente , Nueces/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Animales , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Pie/patología , Miembro Anterior/patología , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Cojera Animal/etiología
10.
Toxicology ; 37(3-4): 315-26, 1985 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-4071558

RESUMEN

The fetotoxic potential of betel nuts was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Total aqueous extracts of ripe betel nuts of unprocessed and processed varieties were administered to pregnant animals at dose levels of 1, 3 and 5 mg/day/mouse (27 +/- 1 g body wt) through days 6-15 of gestation. The dams were sacrificed prior to term and the fetuses were examined for morphological, visceral and skeletal anomalies. The treatments resulted in increased resorptions as well as dead fetuses. Fetal weight was adversely affected as indicated by the dose related reduction in average body weight of live fetuses. No major morphological, visceral and skeletal defects, apart from hematomas, curved tails and a few incidences of rib anomalies, were observed. There was, however, a dose-related decrease in the number of fetuses possessing ossified coccygeal vertebrae while an increase in the number of fetuses with unossified 5th metacarpals. This indicated a delay in skeletal maturity, particularly in those fetuses exposed prenatally to the betel nut extract of the unprocessed variety.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos , Areca , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Nueces/toxicidad , Plantas Medicinales , Administración Oral , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/inducido químicamente , Reabsorción del Feto , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Ratones , Embarazo
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