Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19 among general population: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general population to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2022 and February 2023, involving the general population from Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine with a self-developed questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 637 valid questionnaires were collected, with the majority of participants being female (62.48%). The mean score for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 7.60 ± 2.39 (possible range: 0-12), 43.20 ± 4.57 (possible range: 11-55), and 34.57 ± 4.95 (possible range: 10-50), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that master's degree or above (OR = 6.04, 95% CI: 1.80-20.31, P = 0.004) and occupation in business or service careers (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.48, P < 0.001) were independent associated with knowledge. The knowledge (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.20-1.44, P < 0.001) and female gender (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.03-2.14, P = 0.036) were independently associated with positive attitudes. Attitudes (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.26-1.43, P < 0.001) and a monthly household income greater than 20,000 RMB (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.64, P = 0.001) were independent associated with practices. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that knowledge positively correlated with attitude scores (r = 0.348, P < 0.001) and practice scores (r = 0.259, P < 0.001), and attitude and practice scores were also positively correlated (r = 0.563, P < 0.001). Structural equation modeling showed that knowledge predicted attitudes (ß = 0.67, P < 0.001) and practices (ß = 0.17, P = 0.017), while attitudes predicted practices (ß = 0.58, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: General population had moderate knowledge, positive attitudes and average practices towards CAP and COVID-19.

Factors associated with work ability among employees of an Italian university hospital.

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence clearly documents the benefits of integrated systems approaches to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic view of the work ability of employees of an Italian University Hospital measuring their resources in relation to job demands. In particular, it examines socio-demographics, family and organizational antecedents of health professionals' work ability. METHODS: A survey was conducted to assess the work ability of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses and administrative staff, working at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy). The data collection allows us to get a sample of 443 workers, who correspond to 11% of the target population. The data were analyzed using preliminary statistics on the main characteristics of the sample in terms of work ability, socio-demographic variables, family and organizational characteristics. In addition, logit models of the likelihood of having high work ability were estimated using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Work ability decreases with increasing age, comorbidity, high body mass index, having at least one child under 5 and/or a dependent adult, having a poor work-life balance, and doing more than 20 h of housework. Specific job resources can significantly promote work ability, including relationship-oriented leadership, autonomy in decision making and individuals' skill match. The nursing profession is associated with a low work ability. Finally, a significant gender gap has been documented. Women find it more difficult to reconcile life and work, especially when they have children of preschool age and work in professions with greater responsibilities, as in the case of women doctors, who experience lower work capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider other factors, in addition to age, that are equally relevant in influencing work ability. Consequently, organisational interventions could be implemented to improve the work ability of all workers. In addition, we propose targeted interventions for groups at risk of reduced work capacity, in particular older workers (45 years and over), nurses, women with children of preschool age and in the position of physician.

FEPSAC Position Statement: Athletes' dual careers in the European context.

The aim of this FEPSAC Position Statement is to summarize current knowledge about athletes' dual careers (DCs) in the European context and propose recommendations for future DC research, practice, and policy. Inspired by the European Union's Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes (European Commission, 2012), researchers, practitioners, and policy makers collaborated over the last decade to create the European DC discourse as a context-informed and negotiated body of DC knowledge. In this paper, we proceed from analyzing this body of knowledge using recent review papers and European DC psychological research projects to formulating seven postulates summarizing DC research findings on factors influencing athletes in their striving for DC excellence. These factors include (1) context, (2) pathways and transitions, (3) challenges, (4) resources and coping, (5) support and empowerment, (6) student-athletes' mental health, and (7) DC development environments. In the final section, we acknowledge the contributions of European DC discourse in serving athletes in their pursuit of DC excellence and European DC culture. We also provide a critical discussion on DC knowledge gaps and, on behalf of FEPSAC, offer recommendations for DC research, practice, and policy in Europe.

Multispecies Occupations Involving Equines: An Action-Oriented Inquiry to Inform Occupational Therapy Practitioners.

Research related to human-animal engagement often fails to address the complexity and nuance present in occupations and occupational therapy services that incorporate animals. The goal of this research was to develop a basic understanding of multispecies occupations (MSO) involving humans and equines, focusing on the action-oriented processes and transactions during socialization in outdoor, non-therapeutic contexts. We employed a multi-modal qualitative design with interviews and videography with n = 6 horse-human dyads, creating opportunities to understand and represent engagement beyond anthropocentric norms. Findings included a variety of dyad-specific features of occupation, including processes of embodied communication, the presence of behavioral synchrony, and perceptions of attunement arising from these processes. Examining MSO via a multi-modal inquiry offers new perspectives about the nature and experience of such occupations and supports a deeper understanding of potential mechanisms of change when animals are incorporated in occupational therapy interventions and practice.

Occupational therapy and cooking: A scoping review and future directions.

BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy (OT) has historically used cooking as an intervention and assessment approach across settings. Current practices in OT and the emergence of the multidisciplinary field of culinary medicine highlight the relationship between cooking and health. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To map the current literature on OT and cooking and to identify key factors that may facilitate collaboration within culinary medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology to identify primary contexts and clinical settings. Publications were analysed using framework thematic analysis to identify OT themes and roles. RESULTS: A total of 56 studies met the criteria for inclusion. The majority of studies (n = 29, 53%) represented home/community settings and brain injury was the largest clinical group (n = 15, 27%). Primary themes related to person (n = 47, 43%), occupation (n = 30 (28%), environment (n = 19, 17%), and psychosocial wellbeing (n = 13, 12%). The primary OT role identified was that of interventionist (n = 48, 86%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: OT's holistic practice places cooking within a larger context that can help identify and overcome the barriers to participation. Findings support multiple pathways in which OT can contribute to cooking initiatives for health promotion and potentially expand OT practice in population health.

Impacts of Climate Change on Work Health and Safety in Australia: A Scoping Literature Review.

This scoping review explores the extant literature on climate change impacts on Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) in Australia. It maps the coverage of climate hazards, occupations at risk, and health and socio-economic impacts with the aim of identifying climate change impacts on WHS in Australia and associated knowledge gaps. We used a scoping review approach to identify and investigate 41 scholarly works at the nexus between climate change and WHS in Australia. Thematic template analysis and the NVivo software helped us identify and structure the main themes and systematically document the analysis process. The review highlighted a research focus on the impacts on WHS of heat and extreme weather events resulting from climate change. Agriculture and construction emerged as the most examined occupations, emphasising climate-related diseases and productivity loss. Other climate-related hazards, occupations, and health and socio-economic impacts were largely overlooked in the included research literature. The analysis revealed there is scope for further research relating to climate change impacts on occupational hazards (e.g., air pollution), occupations (e.g., indoor settings at risk), worker health (e.g., injuries), and socio-economic impacts (e.g., change in social practice). Furthermore, the results highlight that the main themes (hazards, occupations, health, and productivity) are interconnected, and the impacts of climate change can be 'cascading', adding complexity and severity. Hence, it is important to look at WHS as a multifaceted phenomenon in a holistic way to understand the risks and support required.

Promoting Health Equity Through Holistic Admissions in Occupational Therapy Education.

As the U.S. population shifts away from a White majority, it is imperative that the health care workforce reflect the diversity of client populations served. Increased diversity in the health care workforce fosters access to more personalized, culturally responsive, and client-centered care, thereby facilitating improved outcomes and reduced health disparities. Occupational therapy education programs function as gatekeepers for diversity and need to be accountable for representation in the profession and to produce graduates who reflect the diversity of the broader population. Holistic admission practices, which ensure that no single factor excludes an applicant from admission, are recognized as a meaningful strategy for increasing student diversity in higher education and provide a pathway to create a representative workforce with the ability to improve care disparities and client outcomes. As one of the largest occupational therapy programs in the country, and located in a diverse urban area, the University of Southern California's Mrs. T. H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy has embraced the profession's responsibility toward greater health equity through holistic admissions. In this column, we discuss holistic admission best practices and report diversity outcomes resulting from enactment of these practices within our occupational therapy education program.

Occupations and balance during the transition to motherhood with a lifetime chronic illness: A scoping review examining cystic fibrosis, asthma, and Type-1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Throughout the transition to motherhood, changes are experienced across a woman's physical, mental, social, and occupational self. Maternal chronic illness adds the complexity of increased healthcare needs and navigating a high-risk, medicalised pregnancy, birth, and post-natal period. Literature concerning motherhood transitions in chronic illness generally focusses on the mother's medical health and pregnancy outcomes; little is known about the impacts on women's occupations, balance, and quality of life. Understanding these issues may help support women in a more tailored and holistic way. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to gather, analyse, and synthesise existing empirical research on occupational engagement and occupational balance as they impact on wellbeing and quality of life in women with a lifetime chronic illness before and during pregnancy and in early motherhood. METHOD: The review follows the nine-stage framework described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (2020). Five databases were searched: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT Seeker. Data were extracted and examined via content analysis, described in narrative synthesis, summarised into a conceptual framework, and tabulated. FINDINGS: A total of 8,655 papers were discovered on initial search. Following title and abstract screening, 220 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 46 papers were finally included. Analysis generated four major themes: The Disrupted Transition Journey; Adaptation, Compromise and Choice; Outcomes; and Drawing on What's Available. The themes were conceptualised into a framework to explain how women sought to balance motherhood and illness-related occupations. Adequate access to information, social support, expert care, and financial resources improved both quality of life and healthcare compliance. CONCLUSION: Findings of this scoping review deepen the understanding of occupational balance during the transition to motherhood in the context of lifetime chronic illness. Healthcare providers and supportive family and friends can use this knowledge to adapt their approach to assisting women with chronic illness on the motherhood journey. These findings may also inform further inquiry into the scope of occupational therapy practice with this population.

Does Mindfulness Mediate the Relation between Impulsiveness and Job Stressfulness Perception of Professional Drivers?

(1) Background: Professional driving is a stressful occupation that requires high levels of attention and decision-making, often leading to job stress. Impulsiveness, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act without forethought, has been associated with negative outcomes such as anxiety, stress, and risky behaviors. Mindfulness has been proposed as a potential strategy for reducing job stress in various occupational settings. However, little is known about the relationship between these variables. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception among professional drivers. (2) Methods: A total of 258 professional drivers from Poland, Lithuania, and Slovakia, have completed self-report questionnaires: Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy; Subjective Assessment of Work; Five Facet Mindfulness. (3) Results: Results indicated a positive correlation between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception, and a negative correlation with mindfulness. Mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception. Additionally, variations were identified in the perceived work environment factors and mindfulness among drivers based on their country of origin. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that mindfulness could be a useful approach for reducing job stressfulness perception among professional drivers with high levels of impulsiveness. Given the implications of job stressfulness for professional drivers' health and safety, developing mindfulness interventions tailored to their specific needs could be a promising direction for future research and intervention development.

Evaluating the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS): an update to the protocol for a feasibility cluster-randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive difficulties experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) impact on quality of life and daily functioning, from childcare and work to social and self-care activities. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with MS (COB-MS) was developed as a holistic, individualised cognitive rehabilitation intervention to address the wide-ranging symptoms and functional difficulties that present in MS, including the ability to maintain employment, social activities, home management and self-care. The aim of the research is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of COB-MS for people with MS. METHODS: Due to the impacts of COVID-19, trial activities that were planned for in-person delivery were completed remotely. One hundred and twenty people with MS will be assigned to participate in either the COB-MS programme or a treatment-as-usual, wait-list control group as part of this single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled feasibility and preliminary efficacy trial of the COB-MS programme. The COB-MS group will participate in an eight-session occupational-based cognitive rehabilitation programme over 9 weeks. The COB-MS intervention was planned for in-person delivery but was delivered online by occupational therapists to small groups of people with MS. The primary outcome measure is the Goal Attainment Scaling at 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, 12 weeks post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Qualitative evaluations of participants' perspectives will also be examined as part of the feasibility study. Data, due to be collected in-person, was collected online or by post. The original study design, including the statistical analysis plan, remains unchanged despite the shift to a remote trial conduct. DISCUSSION: Results will provide recommendations for a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN11462710 . Registered on 9 September 2019 and updated on 23 September 2020 to account for changes outlined here.

Rethinking Efforts to Improve Dietary Patterns Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Transforming Truck Stop Retail Food Environments Through Upstream Change.

A multitude of upstream occupational exposures influence poor dietary patterns that contribute to cardiometabolic health disparities among long-haul truck drivers in the United States. Herein, we delineate the unique characteristics of the truck driving profession that shape dietary patterns. Next, we discuss current health promotion efforts and why they are unlikely to be sufficient for improving population-level dietary patterns. We then advocate for prioritizing health promotion efforts that target upstream factors that influence population dietary patterns and have the potential to holistically and sustainably support drivers' nutrition. Finally, we propose novel research directions to catalyze upstream-oriented health promotion efforts.

Children's Play-Work Occupation Continuum: Play-Based Occupational Therapy, Play Therapy and Playwork.

Introduction: Occupational therapists often use play-based approaches to facilitate children's occupational development and promote participation, for example, play-based occupational therapy, play therapy and playwork. However, where does play occupation fit, within these adult-guided play-based approaches in occupational therapy? Purpose: To examine and discuss the play-work occupation continuum of children to inform occupational therapy practice. Key Issues: Children's play occupations are free-selected, unstructured, internally-controlled, spontaneous and intrinsically-motivated. Yet, occupational therapists often utilize play as a therapeutic modality to support occupational development for occupations other than play. This use of play represents play-based work occupations as they are structured, externally-controlled, adult-guided, goal-focused and extrinsically-motivated. Play occupations then move from being authentic free-play to adult-guided play-based work occupations for children. Implications: When working with children and families, occupational therapists need to balance the use of self-selected, unstructured play occupations with the application of adult-guided, structured, goal-focused play-based work occupations.

Spirituality and children: Perspectives of occupational therapists working with children.

INTRODUCTION: Spirituality is included as a core part of occupational therapy models, as it can enhance connectedness and belonging and provide meaning to occupations. However, research that has explored occupational therapists' perspectives on spirituality has found that a lack of education and understanding of the concept means that currently many therapists do not address it in their practice. Existing research focusses on adult clients, and there is no known published research that focusses on occupational therapists working with children and their views on spirituality in clinical practice. This study explored the perspectives of occupational therapists working with children on spirituality in their clinical practice with children. METHODS: This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants included 20 registered occupational therapists working with children in Australia. Data were collected using focus groups and interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to determine key themes. FINDINGS: Five themes were developed: (1) vagueness and subjectivity of spirituality, (2) overlapping characteristics of spirituality and religion, (3) indirect focus on spirituality, (4) differences in children's spirituality, and (5) outcomes of addressing spirituality. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapists working with children report difficulty conceptualising spirituality and describing its role in clinical practice with children. Despite this, most suggested that spirituality is indirectly applied and has a role in improving the wellbeing of children. There is a need for exploration of how to directly support the use of spirituality in practice with children to further support holistic and family-centred care.

[Health and Professional Satisfaction of Freelance and Employed Midwives: Results of a Survey of Midwives in Baden-Wuerttemberg]. / Gesundheit und berufliche Zufriedenheit von freiberuflichen und angestellten Hebammen: Ergebnisse einer Hebammenbefragung in Baden-Württemberg.

BACKGROUND: A shortage of midwives has been the subject of discussion in Germany in recent years. In this study, we asked midwives in Baden-Wuerttemberg about their health and professional satisfaction. METHOD: In collaboration with the Baden-Wuerttemberg Midwives Association, an online midwives survey was conducted from October 16 to December 10, 2017. Using a visual analog scale (0-100 points), the WHO-5 questionnaire (0-100 points) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (0-100 points), data on health, well-being and burnout were collected. Job satisfaction was assessed on a 7-point Likert scale. Seven hundred and twenty-two midwives participated in the survey. For this study, 545 to 608 data sets were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the studied midwives, 78.1% rated their health as good or very good (≥60 points). No statistically significant difference was observed between freelance midwives, employed midwives, and midwives who worked in both occupation forms (P=0.12). Midwives who were exclusively (15.0%) or partially (12.6%) employed were more likely to have very low well-being (≤25 points) than freelance midwives (7.3%; P=0.023). In addition, midwives who were exclusively (41.5%) or partially (39.4%) employed were more likely to have a moderate or high risk of burnout (≥50 points) than freelance midwives (20.6%; P<0.001). A lower health rating, lower well-being or higher burnout risk were associated with higher professional dissatisfaction in one or more domains. In multivariable analyses, higher burnout risk in particular was associated with higher job dissatisfaction in various domains. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of midwives in our study showed symptoms of depression and/or burnout. On average, the health status of midwives seems to be above the health status of women from the general population in Germany, but the well-being of midwives below. We recommend further investigation of how the stress of midwives can be reduced in the course of advancing midwifery and obstetric care structures.

Can occupational health professionals successfully apply the Goldilocks Work Paradigm in a simulated work redesign?

This study aimed to assess occupational health professionals' application of the Goldilocks Work Paradigm in redesigning jobs for healthier physical behaviours while maintaining productivity. During a group simulation exercise, participants (n = 16) created job descriptions for four different occupation cases (factory worker, office worker, teacher, train driver) and then redesigned the jobs using the Paradigm. Substantial changes in the time spent in sitting (9-30%), standing (8-42%), walking (6-14%), and high-intensity (0-24%) physical behaviours were achieved, which if implemented would likely result in enhanced health for workers. Overall, occupational health professionals were able to successfully redesign fictitious jobs aligned with the Goldilocks Work Paradigm. The simulation task used in this study may be useful to train professionals and assist workplaces to understand and implement the Goldilocks Work Paradigm into practice.Practitioner summary: This study assessed whether occupational health professionals could be trained in the Goldilocks Work Paradigm through a job redesign simulation task. Participants were able to redesign jobs to achieve a healthier 'just right' balance of physical behaviours. Simulations may help workplaces understand and implement a Goldilocks Work approach into practice.

[Balancing Family and Career in Medicine: Greatly Desired but Given Little Consideration Results of the Study Arm VI of the KARiMED Study]. / Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf in der Medizin: vom großen Wunsch und wenig Berücksichtigung.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Family life and professional practice are both highly important for young physicians. Accordingly, a good balancing of both areas of life is necessary. Despite political framework conditions and legal requirements that have been in place for years, implementation of measures to achieve this seems to be difficult, especially in medicine, and is associated with great reservations and problems on the part of those involved. METHODS: By means of an online survey, the medical mid-level staff from university and peripheral hospitals was questioned on topics related to family, children and professional biographical as well as career-relevant topics and subsequently analyzed on a gender-specific basis. RESULTS: Of the study participants, 65.1% were married and already had children or expressed a desire to have children (86.0%). Most were employed full-time (80.8%). The majority of part-time employees were female (87.4%). For 34.6%, there was a career break of 18.5±21.3 months, 87.8% of which were taken due to pregnancy or children. Female physicians generally took significantly more parental leave than male physicians (6-12 months: females 62.2%; males 22.4%; 12 months or more: females 25.2%; males 6.6%). Family planning received little support from superiors (21.2% much to very much support) and 45.6% reported having experienced problems with their return to work or career advancement. Almost 60% of the participants did not have any specific working time models in their own hospital for employees with children who need to be cared for. CONCLUSION: In order to implement a work-life balance for physicians, changes are first and foremost necessary on the part of the institutions. In addition, the respective superiors must rethink in order to enable a parallelization of these two areas of their employees' lives. However, young physicians must also rethink their view of this issue. Demanding changes in labor law while continuing traditional family constellations at home does not seem to do address this issue adequately.

Satisfaction with life and associated factors among elderly people living in two cities in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the level of life satisfaction and identify associated factors among elderly people living in two cities in northwest Ethiopia. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two cities in northwest Ethiopia (Gondar and Bahir Dar). PARTICIPANTS: 816 elderly people age 60 years and above living in Gondar and Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Level of life satisfaction. Considering the mean and SD, three levels of satisfaction appeared to suffice as the basis for analysis and discussion: 23.5-34.4 dissatisfied, 34.5-56.5 averagely satisfied and 56.6-67.5 satisfied. Multivariable ordinal regression analysis was done to control the confounders. Since the outcome variable has an ordinal category, ordinal regression analysis is appropriate. A p≤0.05 and AOR (adjusted OR) with a 95% CI were considered to determine the statistically significant variables and strength of the association. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 68.2 years with an SD±7.2. The level of life satisfaction was: dissatisfied 17.2%, moderately satisfied 63.8% and well satisfied 19.0%. Overall, 45.8% (95% CI 42.2% to 49.2%) of the participants had a score equal to or above the mean. Regarding associated factors; retired current occupation (AOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.55), good self-rated health status (AOR=2.54, 95% CI 1.29 to 4.99), having no chronic disease (AOR=1.48, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.11), somewhat-good (AOR=2.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.13) and good (AOR=4.51, 95% CI 2.40 to 8.45) self-perception on ageing life, moderate functional impairment on daily living activities (AOR=5.43, 95% CI 1.81 to 16.24), high sense of coherence (AOR=3.80, 95% CI 2.04 to 7.08), house rent as a source of finance (AOR=2.60, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.52) and high perceived social support (AOR=2.13, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.16) had statistically significant association with the life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The life satisfaction level in our study group was lower than in some more highly developed countries. To improve the level of life satisfaction in Ethiopia, a holistic programme of nursing care for elderly people, particularly as concerns about their health and psychosocial conditions is crucial in both community and clinical settings.

Sociocultural drivers of mycological knowledge: insights from Wixarika and Mestizo groups in western Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Traditional mycological knowledge (TMK) is complex, not distributed equally among the entire population, and constantly adapting to current social situations. There are sociocultural factors that could influence the fact that some people retain a greater wealth of knowledge, for instance, cultural affiliation, migration, occupation, level of schooling, and person's age. METHODS: We analyze the distribution of the TMK based on sociocultural variables and 12 indicators to quantify the TMK based on a literature review. We chose two sites where there was a Wixarika and Mestizo population with records of use and consumption of wild mushrooms. In each site, 150 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The format of the semi-structured interviews was made up of sociocultural questions plus 12 questions corresponding to each of the indicators. With the data obtained, we performed linear regression tests and principal components analysis (PCA); furthermore, the significance of the groupings obtained by PCA was tested with a discriminant function analysis. RESULTS: We find that TMK was determined by the cultural group to which a person belongs. Contrary to what was expected, age and formal schooling did not influence people's level of knowledge. Likewise, migration and occupation were not determining factors either, although in some specific cases they did influence the differences in knowledge about mushrooms between people. The indicators that most helped to differentiate between the Wixarika people, and the Mestizos were knowledge of the nutritional contribution, propagation methods, and knowledge about toxic mushrooms. CONCLUSIONS: In general, sociocultural differences did not affect the transmission of the TMK due to the valorization of this knowledge among the young generations and the maintenance of the use of wild resources. Specifically, the Wixaritari had and preserved a greater TMK thanks to their pride in their cultural identity, which had allowed them to adapt to modernity while preserving their traditions and knowledge. On the other hand, the Mestizos increasingly disused wild resources due to urbanization. The indicators proposed here provided a good tool to quantify TMK; however, to replicate the study in other sites it is necessary to adapt the indicators to the context of the place.

Analyzing Successful Aging and Longevity: Risk Factors and Health Promoters in 2020 Older Adults.

Geriatric syndromes (GSs) and aging-associated diseases (AADs) are common side effects of aging. They are affecting the lives of millions of older adults and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. It is imperative to study the factors causing these conditions and develop a holistic framework for their management. The so-called long-lived individuals-people over the age of 90 who managed to retain much of their health and functionality-could be holding the key to understanding these factors and their health implications. We analyzed the health status and lifestyle of the long-lived individuals and identified risk factors for GSs. Family history greatly contributes to the health and prevention of cognitive decline in older adults. Lifestyle and certain socioeconomic factors such as education, the age of starting to work and retiring, job type and income level, physical activity, and hobby were also associated with certain GSs. Moreover, the levels of total protein, albumin, alpha-1 globulins, high-density lipoprotein, free triiodothyronine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were direct indicators of the current health status. The proposed mathematical model allows the prediction of successful aging based on family history, social and economic factors, and life-long physical activity (f1 score = 0.72, AUC = 0.68, precision = 0.83 and recall = 0.64).

Assessing the contribution of immigrants to Canada's nursing and health care support occupations: a multi-scalar analysis.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization adopted the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health Workforce 2030 in May 2016. It sets specific milestones for improving health workforce planning in member countries, such as developing a health workforce registry by 2020 and ensuring workforce self-sufficiency by halving dependency on foreign-trained health professionals. Canada falls short in achieving these milestones due to the absence of such a registry and a poor understanding of immigrants in the health workforce, particularly nursing and healthcare support occupations. This paper provides a multiscale (Canada, Ontario, and Ontario's Local Health Integration Networks) overview of immigrant participation in nursing and health care support occupations, discusses associated enumeration challenges, and the implications for health workforce planning focusing on immigrants. METHODS: Descriptive data analysis was performed on Canadian Institute for Health Information dataset for 2010 to 2020, and 2016 Canadian Census and other relevant data sources. RESULTS: The distribution of nurses in Canada, Ontario, and Ontario's Local Health Integration Networks reveal a growth in Nurse Practitioners and Registered/Licensed Practical Nurses, and contraction in the share of Registered Nurses. Immigrant entry into the profession was primarily through the practical nurse cadre. Mid-sized communities registered the highest growth in the share of internationally educated nurses. Data also pointed towards the underutilization of immigrants in regulated nursing and health occupations. CONCLUSION: Immigrants comprise an important share of Canada's nursing and health care support workforce. Immigrant pathways for entering nursing occupations are complex and difficult to accurately enumerate. This paper recommends the creation of an integrated health workforce dataset, including information about immigrant health workers, for both effective national workforce planning and for assessing Canada's role in global health workforce distribution and utilization.