Perfil epidemiológico oral y necesidad de tratamiento odontológico de pacientes VIH/SIDA / Oral epidemiological profile and the need for dental treatment for HIV/AIDS patients

Objetivo. Describir el perfil epidemiológico oral y las necesidades de tratamiento odontológico en pacientes VIH/SIDA atendidos en una institución. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Cartagena. Participantes. Pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA y bajo tratamiento antirretroviral. Mediciones principales. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, estado de Higiene Oral, historia de Caries, Enfermedad Periodontal, manifestaciones orales asociadas a VIH/SIDA, necesidad de tratamiento odontológico. Resultados: De los 53 sujetos del estudio un 59,9% presentaron higiene oral regular, un 66% mostró cálculo supragingival y un 15,1% sangrado gingival. La Se observó caries en el 92,5% de los participantes y ausencia de dientes en el 73,6%. La prevalencia de manifestaciones orales de VIH/SIDA fue de un 45,3%, destacando las de origen infeccioso con un 28,3%. La presencia de lesiones no asociadas a VIH fue del 81,1%, sobresaliendo con un 28,3% las pigmentaciones orales asociadas a medicamentos antirretrovirales. El 100% de los sujetos precisó asistencia odontológica, necesitando 4 tipos de tratamiento diferentes el 60,4% de ellos. Sobresale la promoción y prevención en un 98.1% de los casos, seguida por la eliminación de cálculo en el 73,6% y la necesidad protésica en el 81,2% de los individuos. Conclusión: Se hace evidente la falta de atención y la necesidad de tratamiento de esta población. La cual presenta un estado de salud oral regular, afirmando el derecho a la atención integral que este tipo de pacientes merece(AU)

Objective. To describe the oral epidemiological profile and the needs for dental treatment for HIV/AIDS patients in an institution. Design. Cross sectional study. Location. University of Cartagena Faculty of Odontology Participants. Patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Main Measures. Socio-demographic variables, oral hygiene condition, history of tooth decay, periodontal disease, oral signs associated with HIV/AIDS, need for dental treatment were evaluated. Results: Out of 53 study subjects, 59.9% showed mediocre oral hygiene, 66% supragingival calculus and 15.1%, gingival bleeding. We observed tooth decay in 92.5% of the participants and absence of teeth in 73.6%. The prevalence of oral signs of HIV/AIDS was 45.3%, with emphasis on a 28.3% of an infectious origin. The presence of lesions not associated with HIV was 81.1%, and a significant 28.3% with oral pigmentations associated with antiretroviral medication. 100% of the subjects required dental care, with 4 different types being necessary for 60.4% of them. Promotion and prevention were significant in 98.1% of cases, followed by removal of calculus in 73.6% y the need for prosthesis in 81.2% of individuals. Conclusion: Lack of attention and the need for treatment is evident in these members of the population, who show mediocre oral health, strengthening the case for the comprehensive care this type of patient deserves(AU)

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children taking part in an oral health programme including fluoride tablet supplements from the age of 2 years.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children who had participated in an oral health programme between the ages 2-5 years, including fluoride tablets from the age of 2 years. DESIGN: The study group consisted of 135 10- to 11-year-old children who had participated in the programme, including parent education, tooth-brushing instruction and prescribed fluoride tablets (0.25 mg NaF) (2-3 years: 1 tablet/day; 3-5 years: 2 tablets/day). The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the study group was compared with that in a nonintervention reference group consisting of 129 children of the same ages. The analysis was based on photos of the permanent maxillary front teeth using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov (TF) Index. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in prevalence of dental fluorosis was seen between the two groups. Forty-three percent of the children in the study group and 38% in the reference group had fluorosis, the majority of a mild nature (TF-score 1). None had a TF score above 2. The pattern was the same after correction for parent reported intake of tablets at 3 and 5 years of age. CONCLUSION: Introduction of fluoride tablets at the age of 2 years did not result in increased prevalence of dental fluorosis.

Feasibility of milk fluoridation and trends in dental caries of children in China.

The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of milk fluoridation as a vehicle for caries prevention, based on the current epidemiological status and its trends of dental caries in preschool children in the area of the Haidian District of Beijing, where the indications exist: Fluoride level in drinking water is low (0.2-0.3 ppm), and water fluoridation and other systemic uses of fluorides are unlikely. From 75.9 to 79.7% of 3-6-year-old children were identified as having high caries experience (dmft 4.29-4.35). It was found that 60% of the preschool children who attended kindergarten were 3-6 years old, and 40% of the 1-2-year-olds were living with their families. There is a local dairy to produce milk for the population living in this district. The amount of fresh milk produced daily is about 50,000-60,000 kg. A special kind of milk with vitamins A and D is also available for the preschool children. Data available from the Community MCH Centre indicated that the percentage of breast-feeding is 12% only. The first choice by parents for artificial feeding to the babies is fresh or powdered milk. Therefore, the breast-feeding project started in 1992. It is recommended that mothers' milk should be provided to the babies for at least four months after birth, when a specially prescribed milk for the babies, produced by the dairy, will be provided on a daily basis. The cost of milk is cheaper than others. In this connection, a five-year project on milk fluoridation as a pilot study at the community level for caries prevention of preschool children is now planned. The project is supported by BDMF, WHO, and Chinese MOPH.

Proyecto Carozo: un sexenio de prevención escolar 1987-1992 / A six year program of school preventive dentistry 1987-1992

Se analiza la experiencia de un programa odontológico educativo-preventivo aplicado en la ciudad de Durazno, Uruguay. El programa realizado por el período de seis años, fue llevado a cabo por el Distrito Uruguayo del International College of Dentists y logró reducir sustancialmente la cantidad de caries 2.2 CPO, los costos de la atención odontológica, el tiempo clínico por niño al año y disminuyó significativamente el índice CPO de los alumnos en estudio

Pain management in school-aged children by private and public clinic practice dentists.

A mail survey of 198 Seattle dentists who treat children assessed their beliefs about pain control in school-aged children and examined the relationship of those beliefs to pain management behaviors. The survey population of general dentists and pediatric dentists in clinics and private practice had a response rate of 89.6%. Two of three dentists always use local anesthetic when doing restorations or extractions and also provide more anesthetic at the child's request. One in three dentists never provides postoperative medication following tooth extractions. Ten percent regularly deny child pain and many do not believe child pain reports are valid. Dentists who work in private practice are more likely to provide local anesthetic than are dentists who work in clinics. Dentists who desire more control over a child are less likely to provide local anesthetic. Dentists who question children about comfort are more likely to provide additional anesthetic based on a child's report of discomfort and to provide postoperative medication if the dentist perceives a dental procedure to be painful.