Personality and Job Performance in Türkiye: Psychometric Meta-analysis of Turkish Studies / [La personalidad y el desempeño laboral en Turquía: Meta-análisis psicométrico de estudios turcos]

For decades researchers have explored the link between the Big Five personality traits and job performance, conducting studies across various contexts and sectors. The study seeks to test the link between the Big Five dimensions of personality and job performance in Türkiye, for which an integration of 38 studies involving 18,021 participants was performed. By using psychometric meta-analysis, the study compares and evaluates the similarities and differences among the Türkiye studies and the broader literature on this topic. Additionally, this study is among the first to address the moderating effect of evaluators and sectors on the relationship between Big Five personality traits and job performance dimensions. The findings suggest that there are differences between the Turkish studies and the existing literature, which could be explained by cultural differences and social norms specific to collectivist countries like Türkiye.(AU)

Los investigadores han explorado durante decenios la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de los cinco grandes factores y el desempeño en el trabajo, mediante estudios en diversos contextos y sectores. El estudio pretende probar el vínculo entre las dimensiones de personalidad de los cinco grandes y el rendimiento laboral en Turquía, para lo que se llevó a cabo la integración de 38 estudios en los que participaron un total de 18,021 sujetos. Mediante meta-análisis psicométricos el estudio compara y valora las semejanzas y diferencias entre los estudios de Turquía y las publicaciones más amplias sobre el tema. Además el estudio es uno de los primeros que aborda el efecto moderador de los evaluadores y sectores en la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de los cinco grandes y las dimensiones del desempeño en el trabajo. Los resultados indican que hay diferencias entre los estudios turcos y otros estudios, lo que podría explicarse por las diferencias culturales y las normas sociales específicas de países colectivistas como Turquía.(AU)

Servant Leadership in a Social Religious Organization: An Analysis of Work Engagement, Authenticity, and Spirituality at Work.

Religious organizations represent a main part of the third sector and the social economy. Social faith-based institutions have some unique features that, in some respects, differentiate them from other entities, as they are characterized and defined not only by the services they provide, but also by how they provide them. It is part of their mission to convey the values that prevail in their institutional culture while developing their activities, being attractive to those workers who identify with their values. From this point of view, a key element of these entities' success is that their employees feel identified with their work so that they are engaged in the institution and its values. The style of leadership exercised in such organizations is critical to fostering these attitudes and their long-term survival. This paper aims to study the link between perceived servant leadership by followers and work engagement, as well as the mediating role of authenticity and spirituality at work in this relationship. To this end, 270 workers from a Spanish Catholic organization in the social sector were surveyed. These data were processed by PLS (partial least squares). The results show that a servant leadership style by itself does not directly promote work engagement among employees of the target organization. The engagement of these workers comes through two mediating variables: authenticity and spirituality at work. This study covers a gap in the literature because although there are studies arguing that a strategy of servant leadership is critical to these organizations, to our knowledge, they do not finish demonstrating the fundamental roles that attitudes of authenticity and spirituality at work play in the perception of this type of leadership, achieving greater work engagement.

[Psychosocial care of refugees in Germany : Insights from the emergency relief and development aid]. / Psychosoziale Versorgung von Flüchtlingen in Deutschland : Erkenntnisse aus der Not- und Entwicklungshilfe.

Approximately 1.2 million refugees have arrived in Germany since autumn 2014. They are often appraised as being a challenge for the German healthcare system because the acute need for healthcare support was large and appeared suddenly while at the same time resources were limited. This situation was previously unknown for a western European healthcare system, whereas it constitutes a typical challenge for nongovernmental organizations that are active in the field of emergency relief and development aid and that have developed a large number of successful intervention concepts. Of central importance in this context are the basic principles of equal rights, participation of those affected, the principle of nonmaleficence, the resource orientation instead of a deficit orientation as well as the need for integrated and stepped care models. These can serve as general principles not only in the setting of development aid in crisis areas worldwide but also in the health services provided to refugees in the current situation in Germany.

Modelo de salud y seguridad en el trabajo con gestión integral para la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones (SSeTGIS) / Health and safety at work model with integral management for sustainability of organizations (SSeTGIS)

RESUMEN Ante los desafíos que plantea hacer a las empresas sustentables con responsabilidad social, es necesario desarrollar procesos de mejora basados en una gestión integral con impactos medibles en los resul tados de calidad, productividad, salud y seguridad en el trabajo, el cuidado del medio ambiente y la cultura de protección civil. Para estas materias existen lineamientos internacionales y marcos jurí dicos nacionales que cumplir, los cuales establecen la metodología para reconocer, evaluar y controlar los factores de riesgo de todo tipo en el lugar de trabajo y para la comunidad. Este documento presenta un modelo de gestión integral para la sustentabilidad de las organizaciones desde la perspectiva de la salud y la seguridad en el trabajo sin limitarse a ellas: se denomina SSeTGIS; es holísti-co, multidisciplinar, centrado en las personas, preferentemente participativo, el cual se desarrolla como un proceso de ciclos de mejora continua en tres niveles de actuación: individual, lugar de trabajo y organizacional. Se exponen los argumentos, los propósi tos, los componentes, el proceso y la metodología, así como algunas notas de su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Faced with the challenges of making sustainable companies with social responsibility, it is necessary to develop improved processes based on comprehensive management with measurable impacts on the results of quality, productivity, health and safety at work, envi ronmental care and culture of civil protection. These subjects for which international guidelines and national legal frameworks exist for their fulfillment, establish the methodology for recognizing, evaluating and controlling all kinds of risk factors in the workplace and for the community. This document presents a model of integral management for the sustainability of organizations from the per spective of health and safety at work without limiting to them, referred to as SSeTGIS. It is holistic, multidisciplinary, people-cen tered, and preferably participatory. It is developed as a process of cycles of continuous improvement in three levels of performance: individual, workplace and organizational. The arguments, the pur poses, the components, the process and the methodology are pre sented as well as some notes of their application.

Community health workers, recipients' experiences and constraints to care in South Africa - a pathway to trust.

Community health workers (CHWs) affiliated with community-based organisations are central to the implementation of primary health care in district health services in South Africa. Here, we explore factors that affect the provision of and access to care in two provinces - Gauteng and Eastern Cape. Drawing on narratives of care recipients and the CHWs who support them, we illustrate the complex issues surrounding health maintenance and primary care outreach in poor communities, and describe how the intimate interactions between providers and recipients work to build trust. In the study we report here, householders in Gauteng Province had poor access to health care and other services, complicating the impoverished circumstances of their everyday lives. The limited resources available to CHWs hindered their ability to meet householders' needs and for householders to benefit from existing services. CHWs in the Eastern Cape were better able to address the needs of poor householders because of the organisational support available to them. Based on an ethos of integrated and holistic care, this enabled the CHWs to address the recipients' context-related needs, and health and medical needs, while building greater levels of trust with their clients.

Authentic management as a moderator of the relationship between the congruence of gender role identity - gender management characteristics, and leader-member exchange (LMX) / La gestión auténtica como moderadora de la relación entre (1) la congruencia de la identidad del rol de género -características de género de la gestión- y (2) el intercambio líder-subordinado (LMX)

This study examines the effect of the congruence of gender role identity (androgynous/non-androgynous) and gender management characteristics (communal/agentic) on the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX); also whether authentic management is a variable that moderates this relationship. The study hypothesized the existence of a positive relationship between gender role identity and gender management characteristics with the quality of LMX. An additional hypothesis was that authentic management moderates and explains this relationship. The sample included 120 women subordinates managed by women. The respondents completed a questionnaire, in which they were requested to evaluate and describe their perception of their manager according to the study variables: gender role identity (androgynous/non-androgynous), gender management characteristics (communal/agentic), the quality of LMX, and the degree of authenticity that characterized their management style. At the same time, 24 managers were asked to complete a questionnaire that dealt with the quality of their leader-member exchange (LMX). The findings supported all of our hypotheses and indicated a positive relationship between the variables. When gender role identity and gender management characteristics are congruent, the quality of LMX is perceived as higher. In addition, we found that authentic management is indeed a moderating variable. That is to say, the relationship between the congruence of gender role identity and gender management characteristics and LMX is moderated and explained by authentic management. Additional findings point to the gap between managers and subordinates when evaluating and reporting LMX. When no congruence was found, there was a gap between the managers’ and subordinates’ reports, i.e., the managers evaluated LMX as higher. On the other hand, when congruence was found there were no significant differences between subordinates’ and managers’ reports regarding LMX (AU)

Este trabajo analiza el efecto de la congruencia de la identidad del rol de género (andrógina/no andrógina) y las características de género de la gestión (comunitaria/egocéntrica) en la calidad del intercambio lídersubordinado (LMX), así como que si la gestión auténtica es una variable que modere dicha relación. El estudio plantea la hipótesis de una relación positiva entre la identidad del rol de género y las características de género de la gestión con la calidad de la LMX. Otra hipótesis ha sido que la gestión auténtica modera y explica esta relación. La muestra constaba de 120 mujeres dirigidas por otras mujeres. Cumplimentaron un cuestionario en el que se les pedía evaluar y describir su percepción de su jefa de acuerdo a las variables del estudio: identidad del rol de género (andrógina/no andrógina), características de género de la gestión (comunitaria/ egocéntrica), la calidad de la LMX y el grado de autenticidad característico de su estilo de gestión. Además se pidió a 24 directivos que cumplimentasen un cuestionario sobre la relación líder-subordinado (LMX) que les caracterizaba. Los resultados avalaban todas nuestras hipótesis, señalando una relación positiva entre las variables. Cuando la identidad del rol de género y las características de género de la gestión eran congruentes se percibía que la calidad de la LMX era superior. Además se encontró que la gestión auténtica es realmente una variable moderadora; es decir, la relación entre la congruencia de la identidad del rol de género y las características de género de la gestión y la LMX es moderada y explicada por la gestión auténtica. Otros resultados revelan la brecha entre líderes y subordinados al evaluar la LMX e informar sobre ella. Cuando no se hallaba congruencia había una brecha entre los informes de los líderes y de los subordinados; es decir, los primeros evaluaban mejor la LMX. Por otra parte, cuando había congruencia no había diferencias significativas entre los informes de subordinados y líderes en relación a la LMX (AU)

The Bangladesh paradox: exceptional health achievement despite economic poverty.

Bangladesh, the eighth most populous country in the world with about 153 million people, has recently been applauded as an exceptional health performer. In the first paper in this Series, we present evidence to show that Bangladesh has achieved substantial health advances, but the country's success cannot be captured simplistically because health in Bangladesh has the paradox of steep and sustained reductions in birth rate and mortality alongside continued burdens of morbidity. Exceptional performance might be attributed to a pluralistic health system that has many stakeholders pursuing women-centred, gender-equity-oriented, highly focused health programmes in family planning, immunisation, oral rehydration therapy, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, vitamin A supplementation, and other activities, through the work of widely deployed community health workers reaching all households. Government and non-governmental organisations have pioneered many innovations that have been scaled up nationally. However, these remarkable achievements in equity and coverage are counterbalanced by the persistence of child and maternal malnutrition and the low use of maternity-related services. The Bangladesh paradox shows the net outcome of successful direct health action in both positive and negative social determinants of health--ie, positives such as women's empowerment, widespread education, and mitigation of the effect of natural disasters; and negatives such as low gross domestic product, pervasive poverty, and the persistence of income inequality. Bangladesh offers lessons such as how gender equity can improve health outcomes, how health innovations can be scaled up, and how direct health interventions can partly overcome socioeconomic constraints.

Strategic planning in healthcare organizations.

Strategic planning is a completely valid and useful tool for guiding all types of organizations, including healthcare organizations. The organizational level at which the strategic planning process is relevant depends on the unit's size, its complexity, and the differentiation of the service provided. A cardiology department, a hemodynamic unit, or an electrophysiology unit can be an appropriate level, as long as their plans align with other plans at higher levels. The leader of each unit is the person responsible for promoting the planning process, a core and essential part of his or her role. The process of strategic planning is programmable, systematic, rational, and holistic and integrates the short, medium, and long term, allowing the healthcare organization to focus on relevant and lasting transformations for the future.

Experiences about HIV-AIDS preventive-control activities. Discourses from non-governmental organizations professionals and users.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to identify the experiences of professionals in nongovernmental organizations (NGO) in Catalonia (Spain) working in HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities and potential areas of improvement of these activities and their evaluation. A further aim was to characterize the experiences, knowledge and practices of users of these organizations with regard to HIV infection and its prevention. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted with the participation of both professionals and users of Catalan nongovernmental organizations (NGO) working in HIV/AIDS. Theoretical sampling (professional) and opportunistic sampling (users) were performed. To collect information, the following techniques were used: four focus groups and one triangular group (professionals), 22 semi-structured interviews, and two observations (users). A thematic interpretive content analysis was conducted by three analysts. RESULTS: The professionals of nongovernmental organizations working in HIV/AIDS adopted a holistic approach in their activities, maintained confidentiality, had cultural and professional competence and followed the principles of equality and empathy. The users of these organizations had knowledge of HIV/AIDS and understood the risk of infection. However, a gap was found between knowledge, attitudes and behavior. CONCLUSIONS: NGO offer distinct activities adapted to users' needs. Professionals emphasize the need for support and improvement of planning and implementation of current assessment. The preventive activities of these HIV/AIDS organizations are based on a participatory health education model adjusted to people's needs and focused on empowerment.

Establishment of a Community Advisory Board (CAB) for tuberculosis control and research in the Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

OBJECTIVES: To strengthen community mobilization, education, awareness and involvement in research to improve Tuberculosis (TB) control, by building partnership between communities and the health sector through the establishment of a Community Advisory Board (CAB) in the Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) area. METHODS: Key stakeholders from multiple sectors of the target community were identified. Two workshops were held with the aim of communicating the need for CAB and selecting its members. A 22 member INK CAB with representatives from different sectors in the community was selected. CAB members were trained through a 2-day workshop on TB and research. RESULTS: Various activities were successfully initiated and spearheaded by the INK CAB, and these involved training of Traditional Healers, recruiting of more TB tracer teams, organizing awareness campaigns during TB World Day, establishing TB school peer educators and links with NGOs to support impoverished TB patients all with positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The INK CAB is a successful example of providing a mechanism for community consultation and participation that contributes to promoting and facilitating relevant research and TB control activities.

Civil society, political mobilization, and the impact of HIV scale-up on health systems in Brazil.

This article examines the role of civil society in shaping HIV and AIDS policies and programs in Brazil. It focuses on the historical context of the redemocratization of Brazilian society during the 1980s, when the initial response to the epidemic took shape, and emphasizes the role of social movements linked to the progressive Catholic Church, the sanitary reform movement in public health, and the emerging gay rights movement in the early response to the epidemic in Brazil. It highlights the broad-based civil society coalition that took shape over the course of the 1990s and the political alliances that were built up shortly after the 1996 International AIDS Conference in Vancouver, Canada, to pass legislation guaranteeing the right to access to antiretroviral treatment. It emphasizes the continued importance of civil society organizations-in particular, AIDS-related nongovernmental organizations-and leading AIDS activists in exerting continued pressure to guarantee the sustainability of treatment access and the impact that action focused on HIV and AIDS has had on the Brazilian public health system more broadly, particularly through strengthening health infrastructures and providing a model for health-related social mobilization.

Enhancing innovation between scientific and indigenous knowledge: pioneer NGOs in India.

BACKGROUND: Until recently, little attention has been paid to local innovation capacity as well as management practices and institutions developed by communities and other local actors based on their traditional knowledge. This paper doesn't focus on the results of scientific research into innovation systems, but rather on how local communities, in a network of supportive partnerships, draw knowledge for others, combine it with their own knowledge and then innovate in their local practices. Innovation, as discussed in this article, is the capacity of local stakeholders to play an active role in innovative knowledge creation in order to enhance local health practices and further environmental conservation. In this article, the innovative processes through which this capacity is created and reinforced will be defined as a process of "ethnomedicine capacity". METHODS: The field study undertaken by the first author took place in India, in the State of Tamil Nadu, over a period of four months in 2007. The data was collected through individual interviews and focus groups and was complemented by participant observations. RESULTS: The research highlights the innovation capacity related to ethnomedical knowledge. As seen, the integration of local and scientific knowledge is crucial to ensure the practices anchor themselves in daily practices. The networks created are clearly instrumental to enhancing the innovation capacity that allows the creation, dissemination and utilization of 'traditional' knowledge. However, these networks have evolved in very different forms and have become entities that can fit into global networks. The ways in which the social capital is enhanced at the village and network levels are thus important to understand how traditional knowledge can be used as an instrument for development and innovation. CONCLUSION: The case study analyzed highlights examples of innovation systems in a developmental context. They demonstrate that networks comprised of several actors from different levels can synergistically forge linkages between local knowledge and formal sciences and generate positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is the revitalization of perceived traditions while the negative impacts pertain to the transformation of these traditions into health commodities controlled by new elites, due to unequal power relations.

Visceral leishmaniasis control in Thi Qar Governorate, Iraq, 2003.

Since 1991, visceral leishmaniasis has extended to new areas rarely affected before in Iraq, such as the southern governorates. In 2003, in the aftermath of the invasion of the Coalition Forces, Thi Qar Governorate was at high risk for an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis. This paper describes the cooperation of an international nongovernmental organization and a district primary health care department to restore the visceral leishmaniasis control programme in Thi Qar in 2003 and prevent a major outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis. It also discusses the lessons learned and presents recommendations for the future.

An NGO approach for addressing the nutrition dilemma: Pohnpei focuses on awareness, food analysis, conservation, and food processing.

The establishment of the Island Food Community of Pohnpei, a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, presents a new approach for promoting Pacific Island food for its health and many other benefits. Its vision is holistic, stressing the importance of island food for sustainable development, economic benefits, self-reliance, improved health, cultural preservation, and human dignity, at the same time protecting the natural resources. A major reason for the establishment of this NGO is the emergence of an epidemic of nutrition-related health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, cancer, vitamin A deficiency, and anemia. Although health is at the cornerstone of the establishment of this NGO and health officers are integrally involved, the project is closely associated with the agriculture sector. The Island Food Community of Pohnpei works via an ethnographic participatory inter-agency approach, and its activities include the identification and promotion of nutrient-rich varieties of the traditional staple foods, incorporating the 'Yellow Varieties Message'. There are also activities to conserve rare varieties and to develop small-scale food processing.

Development of mental health services in Pakistan.

The development of mental health services is described here. Some of the activities undertaken are outlined including intersectoral collaborations to further mental health services.