Unified-planning, graded-administration, and centralized-controlling: a management modality for treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome with Chinese medicine in Henan Province of China.

Henan Province in China has a major epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Chinese medicine (CM) has been used throughout the last decade, and a management modality was developed, which can be described by unified-planning, graded-administration, and centralized-controlling (UGC). The UGC modality has one primary concept (patient-centered medicine from CM theory), four basic foundations (classifying administrative region, characteristics of CM on disease treatment, health resource conditions, and distribution of patients living with HIV), six important relationships (the "three uniformities and three combinations," and the six relationships therein guide the treatment of AIDS with CM), and four key sections (management, operation, records, and evaluation). In this article, the authors introduce the UGC modality, which could be beneficial to developing countries or resource-limited areas for the management of chronic infectious disease.

Accelerating the rate of improvement in cystic fibrosis care: contributions and insights of the learning and leadership collaborative.

INTRODUCTION: The Learning and Leadership Collaborative (LLC) supports cystic fibrosis (CF) centres' responses to the variation in CF outcomes in the USA. Between 2002 and 2013, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) designed, tested and modified the LLC to guide front line staff efforts in these efforts. This paper describes the CFF LLC evolution and essential elements that have facilitated increased improvement capability of CF centres and improved CF outcomes. METHODS: CF centre improvement teams across the USA have participated in 11 LLCs of 12 months' duration since 2002. Based on the Dartmouth Microsystem Improvement Curriculum, the original LLC included face to face meetings, an email listserv, conference calls and completion of between learning session task books. The LLCs evolved over time to include internet based learning, an electronic repository of improvement resources and examples, change ideas driven by evidence based clinical practice guidelines, benchmarking site visits, an applied QI measurement curriculum and team coaching. RESULTS: Over 90% of the CF centres in the USA have participated in the LLCs and have increased their improvement capabilities. Ten essential elements were identified as contributors to the successful LLCs: LLC national leadership and coordination, local leadership, people with CF and families involvement, registry data transparency, standardised improvement curriculum with evidence based change ideas, internet resources with reminders, team coaching, regular progress reporting and tracking, benchmarking site visits and applied improvement measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The LLCs have contributed to improved medical and process outcomes over the past 10 years. Ten essential elements of the LLCs may benefit improvement efforts in other chronic care populations and health systems.

Política de práticas integrativas em Recife: análise da participação dos atores / Integrative practice policy in Recife, northeastern Brazil: an analysis of stakeholder involvement / Política de prácticas integradoras en Recife (Noreste de Brasil): análisis de la participación de los actores

OBJETIVO: Analisar a participação dos atores envolvidos na evolução de política municipal de práticas integrativas. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa em Recife, PE. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de consultas às atas do conselho municipal de saúde, entre 2004 e 2009, entrevistas com informantes-chave e gestores, e grupos focais com profissionais e usuários. Os dados foram analisados segundo o modelo de condensação de significados. Para apresentação dos resultados, quatro categorias de atores foram formadas, segundo seu poder e interesse, a saber: sujeitos, população, líderes e jogadores. RESULTADOS: Após cinco anos da implantação da política em Recife, só um serviço oferecia práticas integrativas. A população ou os usuários não tiveram participação efetiva e não contribuíram com a política; os profissionais de saúde, apesar do interesse em participar do processo, não foram incluídos. Os líderes encontrados foram o Conselho Municipal de Saúde, os gestores e as entidades médicas, sendo os dois últimos também considerados jogadores, pois participaram efetivamente da elaboração da política. CONCLUSÕES: A participação de poucos atores na construção de uma política de práticas integrativas dificulta sua consolidação e amplia a distância entre formulação e implementação, prejudicando o alcance dos resultados esperados.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of a local policy of integrative practices. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative study conducted in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil. Data was collected from local health board records between 2004 and 2009, interviews with managers and key informants and focus groups with providers and users. The analysis was performed using the condensation of meaning model. The results were grouped into four categories of stakeholders according to their influence and interest, namely: subjects; population; leaders; and players. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Five years after the policy was implemented in Recife, only a single service offered integrative practices. The population, or users, did not have any effective involvement and did not make any contributions to the policy, and health providers, despite their willingness to participate in the process, were not involved. The leaders included the local health board, managers and medical organizations; the latter two were also players as they were effectively involved in the formulation of the policy. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of few stakeholders in the formulation of an integrative practice policy makes it difficult its implementation and widens the gap between formulation and implementation, hindering the achievement of expected results.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la participación de los actores envueltos en la evolución de la política municipal de prácticas integradoras. PROCEDIMIENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudio con abordaje cualitativo en Recife, Noreste de Brasil. La colecta de los datos fue realizada por medio de consultas de las actas del consejo municipal de salud, entre 2004 y 2009, entrevistas con informantes-clave y gestores, y grupos focales con profesionales y usuarios. Los datos fueron analizados según el modelo de condensación de significados. Para presentación de los resultados, cuatro categorías de actores fueron formadas, según su poder e interés, a saber: sujetos, población, líderes y jugadores. RESULTADOS: Posterior a cinco años de la implantación de la política en Recife, solo un servicio ofrecía prácticas integradoras. La población o los usuarios no tuvieron participación efectiva y no contribuyeron con la política; los profesionales de salud, a pesar del interés en participar del proceso, no fueron incluidos. Los líderes encontrados fueron el consejo municipal de salud, los gestores y las entidades médicas, siendo los dos últimos también considerados jugadores, pues participaron efectivamente de la elaboración de la política. CONCLUSIONES: La participación de pocos actores en la construcción de una política de prácticas integradoras dificulta su consolidación y amplia la distancia entre formulación e implementación, perjudicando el alcance de los resultados esperados.

Integrative practice policy in Recife, northeastern Brazil: an analysis of stakeholder involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of a local policy of integrative practices. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative study conducted in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil. Data was collected from local health board records between 2004 and 2009, interviews with managers and key informants and focus groups with providers and users. The analysis was performed using the condensation of meaning model. The results were grouped into four categories of stakeholders according to their influence and interest, namely: subjects; population; leaders; and players. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Five years after the policy was implemented in Recife, only a single service offered integrative practices. The population, or users, did not have any effective involvement and did not make any contributions to the policy, and health providers, despite their willingness to participate in the process, were not involved. The leaders included the local health board, managers and medical organizations; the latter two were also players as they were effectively involved in the formulation of the policy. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of few stakeholders in the formulation of an integrative practice policy makes it difficult its implementation and widens the gap between formulation and implementation, hindering the achievement of expected results.

An Ontario initiative to enhance the effectiveness of AIDS Service Organizations: Community-Linked Evaluation of AIDS Resources.

This report describes the rationale, process, and early outcomes of establishing a community-based research unit. The AIDS Bureau of the Ontario Provincial Government established the Community-Linked Evaluation of AIDS Resources Unit (CLEAR), which works in partnership with the AIDS Bureau and 31 of 74 AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) in Ontario.