RESUMEN
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues and oral microbiome alterations. However, recent studies highlight the alleged role of vitamins, such as vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin D (VitD), in the development of the disease. VitC regulates numerous biochemical reactions, but foremost, it is involved in synthesizing collagen. It was reported that VitC deficiency could lead to damage to the periodontal ligaments. VitC supplementation improves postoperative outcomes in patients with periodontitis. VitD is a steroid derivative that can be produced in the skin under ultraviolet radiation and later transformed into an active form in other tissues, such as the kidneys. VitD was established to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in gingiva and regulate the proper mineral density of teeth. Moreover, the supplementation of VitD was associated with better results in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of vitamins C and D in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico , Ácido Ascórbico , Periodontitis , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/complicaciones , Humanos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Colágeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Numerosos reportes demuestran la presencia de biomarcadores de estreÌs oxidativo en la saliva de fumadores y hay un creciente intereÌs en correlacionar estos procesos moleculares con la etiología de algunas enfermedades orales, como la periodontitis, una enfermedad inmunoinflamatoria croÌnica relacionada con un desequilibrio de la homeostasis redox celular. Objetivo: realizar una revisioÌn narrativa sobre la relacioÌn entre la disminucioÌn de la capacidad antioxidante salival inducida por humo de tabaco, la periodontitis y el potencial uso de farmacología redox para el tratamiento de esta patología. Métodos: se realizoÌ una buÌsqueda bibliograÌfica en bases de datos como PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) y SciELO. Resultados: existe evidencia que relaciona la baja capacidad antioxidante salival con un retraso en el restablecimiento de las condiciones normales en la cavidad oral ante el desarrollo de periodontitis. A su vez, el estado inflamatorio asociado colabora sineÌrgicamente, provocando un mayor danÌo tisular con peÌrdida de tejidos de soporte dentario, fenoÌmeno que podría ser modulado por la accioÌn de farmacología redox. Conclusiones: la intervencioÌn con farmacología redox, podría atenuar los biomarcadores de progresioÌn de la enfermedad periodontal, constituyendo una herramienta prometedora para utilizar en conjunto con las estrategias de tratamiento tradicionales.
Numerous reports demonstrate the presence of oxidative stress biomarkers in the saliva of smokers and there is a growing interest in correlating these molecular processes with the etiology of some oral diseases, such as periodontitis, a chronic immunoinlammatory disease related to an imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis. Aims: achieve a narrative review on the relationship between the decrease in salivary antioxidant capacity induced by tobacco smoke, periodontitis, and the potential use of redox pharmacology for the treatment of this pathology. Methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) and SciELO. Results: there is evidence that relates the low salivary antioxidant capacity with a delay in the reestablishment of normal conditions in the oral cavity before the development of periodontitis. In turn, the associated inflammatory state collaborates synergistically, causing greater tissue damage with loss of dental support tissues, a phenomenon that could be modulated by the action of redox pharmacology. Conclusions: intervention with redox pharmacology could attenuate the biomarkers of periodontal disease progression, constituting a promising tool to be used in conjunction with traditional treatment strategies.
Muitos artigos demonstram a presença de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo na saliva de fumantes e haÌ um interesse crescente em correlacionar esses processos moleculares com a etiologia de algumas doenças bucais, como a periodontite, uma doença imunoinlamatoÌria croÌnica relacionada a um desequiliÌbrio da redox celular homeostase. Objetivo: realizar uma revisaÌo narrativa sobre a relaçaÌ o entre a diminuiçaÌ o da capacidade antioxidante salivar induzida pela fumaça do tabaco, periodontite e o uso potencial da farmacologia redox para o tratamento desta patologia. Métodos: uma pesquisa bibliográica foi realizada usando bases de dados como PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) e SciELO. Resultados: haÌ evideÌncias que relacionam a baixa capacidade antioxidante salivar com o retardo no restabelecimento das condiçoÌes normais da cavidade oral antes do desenvolvimento da periodontite. Por sua vez, o estado inflamatório associado colabora sinergicamente, causando maior dano tecidual com perda de tecidos de suporte dentário, fenoÌmeno que poderia ser modulado pela açaÌ o da farmacologia redox. Conclusões: a intervençaÌ o com a farmacologia redox poderia atenuar os biomarcadores de progressaÌ o da doença periodontal, constituindo-se em uma ferramenta promissora para ser utilizada em conjunto com estrateÌgias tradicionais de tratamento.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Saliva/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Fumar Tabaco/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Oxidación-Reducción , Biomarcadores , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , HomeostasisRESUMEN
Accumulating evidence during the last two decades has addressed the potential anti-inflammatory properties of berberine (BBR), a bioactive alkaloid compound isolated from Coptidis rhizoma, in controlling or treating several inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic and serious inflammatory diseases, in which uncontrolled and unabated host immune responses against periodontopathic pathogens play critical and crucial roles in the disease pathogenesis. Hence, regulating inflammatory responses in periodontitis has a valuable approach and holds promise in treating periodontitis. For the first time, this paper reviews the evidence from in vitro and in vivo experimental models to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of BBR in periodontitis and exhibits that BBR has the high potency to exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-17, RANKL, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MCP-1. The BBR-mediated anti-inflammatory actions could translate into the inhibition of the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone destruction and the control of the disease in vivo. As the second aim of this paper, we also paid attention to the therapeutic potential of BBR in treating human diseases regarding its anti-inflammatory properties.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Berberina/farmacología , Berberina/uso terapéutico , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Enfermedades Periodontales/etiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/metabolismo , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Numerous studies highlight that astaxanthin (ASTX) ameliorates hyperglycemic condition and hyperglycemia-associated chronic complications. While periodontitis and periodontic tissue degradation are also triggered under chronic hyperglycemia, the roles of ASTX on diabetes-associated periodontal destruction and the related mechanisms therein are not yet fully understood. Here, we explored the impacts of supplemental ASTX on periodontal destruction and systemic complications in type I diabetic mice. To induce diabetes, C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg), and the hyperglycemic mice were orally administered with ASTX (12.5 mg/kg) (STZ+ASTX group) or vehicle only (STZ group) daily for 60 days. Supplemental ASTX did not improve hyperglycemic condition, but ameliorated excessive water and feed consumptions and lethality in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the non-diabetic and STZ+ASTX groups, the STZ group exhibited severe periodontal destruction. Oral gavage with ASTX inhibited osteoclastic formation and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand, 8-OHdG, γ-H2AX, cyclooxygenase 2, and interleukin-1ß in the periodontium of STZ-injected mice. Supplemental ASTX not only increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and osteogenic transcription factors in the periodontium, but also recovered circulating lymphocytes and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood of STZ-injected mice. Furthermore, the addition of ASTX blocked advanced glycation end products-induced oxidative stress and growth inhibition in human-derived periodontal ligament cells by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway. Together, our results suggest that ASTX does not directly improve hyperglycemia, but ameliorates hyperglycemia-triggered periodontal destruction and oxidative systemic complications in type I diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Estreptozocina/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Catalasa/sangre , Proliferación Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Daño del ADN , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Conducta Alimentaria , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/complicaciones , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Inyecciones , Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/patología , Ligamento Periodontal/patología , Periodontitis/sangre , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Regulación hacia Arriba , Xantófilas/farmacología , Xantófilas/uso terapéutico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Bonerelated diseases comprise a large group of common diseases, including fractures, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA), which affect a large number of individuals, particularly the elderly. The progressive destruction and loss of alveolar bone caused by periodontitis is a specific type of bone loss, which has a high incidence and markedly reduces the quality of life of patients. With the existing methods of prevention and treatment, the incidence and mortality of bonerelated diseases are still gradually increasing, creating a significant financial burden to societies worldwide. To prevent the occurrence of bonerelated diseases, delay their progression or reverse the injuries they cause, new alternative or complementary treatments need to be developed. Melatonin exerts numerous physiological effects, including inducing antiinflammatory and antioxidative functions, resetting circadian rhythms and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Melatonin also participates in the health management of bone and cartilage. In the present review, the potential roles of melatonin in the pathogenesis and progression of bone injury, osteoporosis, OA and periodontitis are summarized. Furthermore, the high efficiency and diversity of the physiological regulatory effects of melatonin are highlighted and the potential benefits of the use of melatonin for the clinical prevention and treatment of bonerelated diseases are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/fisiología , Melatonina/fisiología , Osteoartritis/etiología , Osteoporosis/etiología , Periodontitis/etiología , Animales , Huesos/lesiones , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Melatonina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.
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Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacos , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/prevención & control , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Proantocianidinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Biomarcadores , Estudios Clínicos como Asunto , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Especificidad de Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Proantocianidinas/química , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Inflammation regulation is essential for maintaining healthy functions and normal homeostasis of the body. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium and a major pathogen that causes oral inflammation and other systemic inflammations. This study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb root extracts (APL-ME) in Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and find anti-inflammatory effect compounds of APL-ME. The anti-inflammatory effects of APL-ME were evaluated anti-oxidant activity, cell viability, nitrite concentration, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1[Formula: see text], interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10 (IL-10)). Also, Inflammation related genes and proteins, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), expression were decreased by APL-ME and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins expression was regulated by APL-ME. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC/MS)-MS analysis results indicated that several components were detected in APL-ME. Our study indicated that APL-ME suppressed nitrite concentrations, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text] in P. gingivalis LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, IL-10 expression was increased by ALP-ME. In addition, protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were inhibited APL-ME extracts dose-dependently. According to these results, APL-ME has anti-inflammatory effects in P. gingivalis LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Asunto(s)
Agrimonia/química , Antiinflamatorios , Inflamación/etiología , Inflamación/genética , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Raíces de Plantas/química , Animales , Antioxidantes , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae) has several biological properties significant to human health. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of this plant on bone diseases are uncertain. PURPOSE: The present study investigated the role of Uncaria tomentosa extract (UTE) on alveolar bone loss in rats and on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. MATERIALS: UTE was characterized by an Acquity UPLC (Waters) system, coupled to an Electrospray Ionization (ESI) interface and Quadrupole/Flight Time (QTOF, Waters) Mass Spectrometry system (MS). The effect of UTE treatment for 11 days on the ligature-induced bone loss was assessed focusing on several aspects: macroscopic and histological analysis of bone loss, neutrophil and osteoclast infiltration, and anabolic effect. The effect of UTE on bone marrow cell differentiation to osteoclasts was assessed in vitro. RESULTS: The analysis of UTE by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS identified 24 compounds, among pentacyclic or tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids and phenols. The administration of UTE for 11 days on ligature-induced rat attenuated the periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption. It also diminished neutrophil migration to the gingiva tissue, demonstrated by a lower level of MPO. UTE treatment also decreased the level of RANKL/OPG ratio, the main osteoclast differentiation-related genes, followed by reduced TRAP-positive cell number lining the alveolar bone. Additionally, the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, an anabolic bone marker, was elevated in the plasma of UTE treated rats. Next, we determined a possible direct effect of UTE on osteoclast differentiation in vitro. The incubation of primary osteoclast with UTE decreased RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation without affecting cell viability. This effect was supported by downregulation of the nuclear factor activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 expression, a master regulator of osteoclast differentiation, and other osteoclast-specific activity markers, such as cathepsin K and TRAP. CONCLUSION: UTE exhibited an effective anti-resorptive and anabolic effects, which highlight it as a potential natural product for the treatment of certain osteolytic diseases, such as periodontitis.
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Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Resorción Ósea/tratamiento farmacológico , Uña de Gato/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/química , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Resorción Ósea/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
This study aimed to histologically and radiographically evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity laser irradiation of different wavelengths (660 or 808 nm) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature around the mandibular first molar of the rats. In total, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 each): control (CG), periodontal disease (PD), scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + 660 nm laser (GL660) and SRP + 808 nm laser (GL808). Groups with laser use received radiation at 6 points in the first molar. The animals were euthanized at baseline and at 7 and 14 days after the interventions. Mandibles were surgically removed for histomorphometric and radiographic assessment of periodontal tissues. The GL660 group showed lesser bone loss than the PD group (P < 0.05) and greater alveolar bone margin after 14 days, indicating a better long-term treatment response (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that SRP with the 660 nm laser as an adjunct results in more favorable radiographic and histological responses than the 808 nm laser.
Asunto(s)
Raspado Dental , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/radioterapia , Aplanamiento de la Raíz , Animales , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ligamento Periodontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Ligamento Periodontal/efectos de la radiación , Periodontitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Periodontitis/patología , Fotoquimioterapia , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases have been intensely studied in recent years. Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and both progression of periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can reduce the effects of oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to measure the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in antioxidants, on atherosclerosis caused by ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10: control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis group treated with GSE (GSE group). Periodontitis was induced by placing an orthodontic wire around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and keeping it in place for 4 weeks. On days 1, 7 and 28, blood samples were taken to assess oxidative stress and inflammation markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione - MDA, reduced glutathione - GSH, C reactive protein) and lipids. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and aortas were collected for histopathologic examination. MDA was significantly higher in Periodontitis group compared to the other groups only at day 7. GSH was significantly increased in the Control and GSE groups on days 1 and 7, compared to Periodontitis group and on day 28 higher in GSE vs. Periodontitis groups. C reactive protein was significantly increased in the Periodontitis group on days 1 and 7 compared to both groups. Cholesterol was significantly decreased in the aortas of GSE group at day 28 compared to the Periodontitis group. Oral administration of a grape seed extract reduces the oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracto de Semillas de Uva/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Periodontitis/etiología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Aorta/patología , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Extracto de Semillas de Uva/administración & dosificación , Ligadura , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Periodontitis/sangre , Periodontitis/patología , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Over the past decades, periodontitis has become a rising health problem and caused various diseases. In the many studies shows that some extracts and compound to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. This study focuses on the effects of inhibition of gingival damage and alveolar bone loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Magnolia biondii extract (MBE) against ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. A ligature was placed around the molar teeth for 8 weeks, and MBE was administered for 8 weeks. Gingival tissue damage and alveolar bone loss were measured by microcomputed tomography (CT) analysis and histopathological examination. Serum Interluekin-1 ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) levels were investigated using commercial kits to confirm the antiperiodontitis effects of MBE. We confirmed that ligature-induced periodontitis resulted in gingival tissue damage and alveolar bone loss. However, treatment for 8 weeks with MBE protected from periodontal tissue damage and downregulated serum inflammatory cytokine factors and RANKL levels. These results suggest that MBE exerts antiperiodontitis effects by inhibiting gingival tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss through regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis-induced rats.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Magnolia/química , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Increasing evidence supports the association of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis. Even though a prominent role has been postulated for Porphyromonas gingivalis, many bacterial species contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. We therefore investigated the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as other major pathobionts on the development of both, periodontitis and arthritis in the mouse. Pathobionts used - either alone or in combination - were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans. Periodontitis was induced via oral gavage in SKG, DBA/1 and F1 (DBA/1 × B10.Q) mice and collagen-induced arthritis was provoked via immunization and boost with bovine collagen type II. Alveolar bone loss was quantified via micro computed tomography, arthritis was evaluated macroscopically and histologically and serum antibodies were assessed. Among the strains tested, only F1 mice were susceptible to P. gingivalis induced periodontitis and showed significant alveolar bone loss. Bone loss was paralleled by antibody titers against P. gingivalis. Of note, mice inoculated with the mix of all three pathobionts showed less alveolar bone loss than mice inoculated with P. gingivalis alone. However, oral inoculation with either F. nucleatum or A. actinomycetemcomintans alone accelerated subsequent arthritis onset and progression. This is the first report of a triple oral inoculation of pathobionts combined with collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse. In this interplay and this particular genetic setting, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans exerted a protective impact on P. gingivalis induced alveolar bone loss. By themselves they did not induce periodontitis yet accelerated arthritis onset and progression.
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Actinobacteria , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/etiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Artritis/etiología , Artritis/patología , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Actinobacteria/fisiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Artritis/metabolismo , Artritis Experimental , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Fusobacterium nucleatum/fisiología , Ratones , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/patología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Marine ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) and Vitamin D (VitD) are reportedly capable of down-regulating inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to relate marine FA and VitD status to RA disease status and periodontal conditions. METHODS: RA outpatients (age ≥35 y) were consecutively recruited. Rheumatologic clinical data were collected and periodontal status obtained. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate fish and supplement intake. FA profiles in whole-blood and serum VitD levels were determined. RESULTS: A total of 78 RA patients (age 57 ± 12 y, disease duration 15 ± 11 y) were included, 58% had active RA. Periodontitis was diagnosed in 82% of the patients, 18% had severe periodontitis. Seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and/or anticitrullinated protein antibodies was related to higher prevalence of periodontitis (P= 0.008). Seafood intake in accordance with nutritional recommendations was associated with better RA disease outcome (largest P= 0.008). An ω-3 index >8, present in 14% of the patients, correlated with a more desirable patient global health assessment scored on a visual analog scale (VAS; P= 0.004), lower periodontal probing depth (PD; P= 0.021), and ω-3 supplementation (P= 0.001). Serum VitD levels >50 nmol/L were found in 89%, of these 48% had VitD levels ≥75 nmol/L, no differences were found for RA disease activity and periodontal measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Seropositive RA patients had a higher prevalence of periodontitis than seronegative patients. An ω-3 index >8 was related to ω-3 supplementation and more desirable VAS and lower PD. VitD status was satisfactory for most patients and was not associated with differences in RA severity or periodontal diagnosis.
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Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Vitamina D/sangre , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Periodontitis/etiología , Prevalencia , Vitamina D/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between periodontal conditions and inflammation, nutritional status and calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders in hemodialysis (HD) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 128 HD patients divided into two groups: dentate (n = 103) and edentulous (n=25). The following items were assessed: baseline characteristics, age at the start and duration of HD, biochemical data: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone. A single dentist performed a complete dental/periodontal examination, including parameters of oral hygiene and gingival bleeding. RESULTS: One person had healthy periodontium, 62.14% of the patients had gingivitis, and 36.9% had moderate or severe periodontitis. The age at HD onset had a positive impact on periodontal status and negatively correlated with the number of teeth. A positive correlation between age and CRP level and negative correlations between age and serum albumin and phosphorus were found. Pocket depth (PD) was negatively correlated with serum albumin. The number of teeth was negatively correlated with serum CRP. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence and severity of periodontal disease are observed in hemodialysis patients. There is a high probability that periodontal disease may be present at the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before the hemodialysis onset.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Metabolismo del Calcio/etiología , Gingivitis/etiología , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Periodontitis/etiología , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Fósforo/etiología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Calcio/sangre , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Calcio/sangre , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Gingivitis/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene Bucal , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Índice Periodontal , Periodontitis/sangre , Fósforo/sangre , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Fósforo/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Abstract Objectives To analyze the association between periodontal conditions and inflammation, nutritional status and calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Material and Methods We analyzed 128 HD patients divided into two groups: dentate (n = 103) and edentulous (n=25). The following items were assessed: baseline characteristics, age at the start and duration of HD, biochemical data: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone. A single dentist performed a complete dental/periodontal examination, including parameters of oral hygiene and gingival bleeding. Results One person had healthy periodontium, 62.14% of the patients had gingivitis, and 36.9% had moderate or severe periodontitis. The age at HD onset had a positive impact on periodontal status and negatively correlated with the number of teeth. A positive correlation between age and CRP level and negative correlations between age and serum albumin and phosphorus were found. Pocket depth (PD) was negatively correlated with serum albumin. The number of teeth was negatively correlated with serum CRP. Conclusions High prevalence and severity of periodontal disease are observed in hemodialysis patients. There is a high probability that periodontal disease may be present at the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before the hemodialysis onset.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Periodontitis/etiología , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Fósforo/etiología , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Calcio/etiología , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Gingivitis/etiología , Higiene Bucal , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Periodontitis/sangre , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Fósforo/sangre , Fósforo/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Trastornos del Metabolismo del Calcio/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Índice Periodontal , Índice de Placa Dental , Calcio/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Gingivitis/sangre , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One SRP group in which saline solution was administered (SS), and three groups in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment (SRP/ASU+7). ASU and SS were administered daily by gavage until the sacrifice of the animals (7, 15, and 30 days after SRP). The % bone in the furcation area was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro-CT. The expression of proteins (TRAP, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) and mRNA (IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The SRP/ASU+7 group presented a higher percentage of bone fill in the furcation area and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase than in the SRP group (at 7 and 30 days, respectively). The SRP/ASU0 and SRP/ASU+7 groups presented lower expression levels of RANKL mRNA than the SRP and SRP/ASU-7 groups at 15 days. ASU administration on the day of the SRP treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis promoted subtle beneficial effects on periodontal repair following the treatment of induced periodontitis within the experimental period of 7 days.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max/química , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Persea/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Expresión Génica , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Interleucina-6/análisis , Masculino , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/patología , Ligando RANK/análisis , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/análisis , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Malocclusion plays an important role in the development of periodontitis. Thus, by treating malocclusion, a good gingival health can be achieved. This study was conducted to establish the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted on 220 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for malocclusion. They were divided into two groups: Group I patients were treated with fixed orthodontics, while group II patients received myofunctional appliances. RESULTS: The value for plaque, gingival recession, and tooth mobility significantly increased in group I patients. However, the difference was statistically nonsignificant in group II patients. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that there is correlation between malocclusion and periodontitis. Malocclusion leads to periodontitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Malocclusion is the main reason for the development of poor periodontal health. Combined effort has to be played by both periodontist and orthodontist for the treatment of various orthodontic-periodontal problems.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Miofuncional/efectos adversos , Aparatos Ortodóncicos Removibles/efectos adversos , Aparatos Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Periodontitis/etiología , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maloclusión/complicaciones , Maloclusión/terapia , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle/complicaciones , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle/terapia , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/complicaciones , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/terapia , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III/complicaciones , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III/terapia , Terapia Miofuncional/instrumentación , Terapia Miofuncional/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/instrumentación , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between osteoporosis treatment and severe periodontitis in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised of 492 postmenopausal women, 113 women in osteoporosis treatment, and 379 not treated. Osteoporosis treatment consisted of systemic estrogen alone, or estrogen plus progestin, and calcium and vitamin D supplements, for at least 6 months. Severe periodontitis was defined as at least two interproximal tooth sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 6âmm, and at least one interproximal site with probing depth of at least 5âmm; and dental caries experience was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Analysis included descriptive statistics and Poisson multivariate analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: Women receiving osteoporosis treatment had less periodontal probing depth, less clinical attachment loss, and less gingival bleeding than women not receiving treatment for osteoporosis (Pâ≤â0.05). In the osteoporosis treatment group, the estimated mean DMFT index score was approximately 20, the most frequent component being the number of missing teeth, and in the nontreated group, the DMFT index was approximately 19. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was 44% lower in the osteoporosis treatment group than in the nontreatment group. The prevalence ratioadjusted was 0.56, 95% confidence interval was 0.31 to 0.99 (Pâ=â0.05), after adjustments for smoking, age, family income, and visit to the dentist. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that women treated with estrogen for postmenopausal osteoporosis have a lower prevalence of severe periodontitis than women not receiving treatment.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/etiología , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/etiología , Posmenopausia/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Calcio de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Estrógenos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Hemorragia Gingival/epidemiología , Hemorragia Gingival/etiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/complicaciones , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Vitamina D/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One SRP group in which saline solution was administered (SS), and three groups in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment (SRP/ASU+7). ASU and SS were administered daily by gavage until the sacrifice of the animals (7, 15, and 30 days after SRP). The % bone in the furcation area was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro-CT. The expression of proteins (TRAP, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) and mRNA (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The SRP/ASU+7 group presented a higher percentage of bone fill in the furcation area and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase than in the SRP group (at 7 and 30 days, respectively). The SRP/ASU0 and SRP/ASU+7 groups presented lower expression levels of RANKL mRNA than the SRP and SRP/ASU-7 groups at 15 days. ASU administration on the day of the SRP treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis promoted subtle beneficial effects on periodontal repair following the treatment of induced periodontitis within the experimental period of 7 days.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Glycine max/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Persea/química , Periodontitis/etiología , Periodontitis/patología , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Inmunohistoquímica , Distribución Aleatoria , Expresión Génica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Interleucina-6/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Resultado del Tratamiento , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Ligando RANK/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/análisisRESUMEN
Vitamin D belongs to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids which assume many roles in the human organism. In humans the most important forms are vitamin D3 and vitamin D2. Their primary function is the regulation of the calcium and phosphorus balance, which promote the growth of healthy bony tissue. Studies over the past few years have revealed a much wider role of vitamin D involving the aging processes, carcinogenesis, the carbohydrate balance as well as the effects on the course of various infections. In this paper we discuss the basic functions of vitamin D in the human body and the mechanisms of its activity and we summarize recent reports on the impact of vitamin D on the oral cavity with a special emphasis on autoimmunologic diseases, including: recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet syndrome and Sjögren syndrome.