Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles on Endometritis Caused by Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterum pyogenes in Dairy Cattle.

Bovine postpartum diseases remain one of the most significant and highly prevalent illnesses with negative effects on the productivity, survival, and welfare of dairy cows. Antibiotics are generally considered beneficial in the treatment of endometritis; however, frequent usage of each antibiotic drug is reason for the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) of the pathogenic microorganisms, representing a major impediment for the successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in both humans and animals. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of 10 nm using the novel biomolecule apigenin as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and evaluated the efficacy of the AgNPs on the MDR pathogenic bacteria Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from uterine secretion samples. AgNPs inhibited cell viability and biofilm formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the metabolic toxicity of the AgNPs was assessed through various cellular assays. The major toxic effect of cell death was caused by an increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, and nitric oxide. The formation of ROS is considered to be the primary mechanism of bacterial death. Therefore, the biomolecule-mediated synthesis of AgNPs shows potential as an alternative antimicrobial therapy for bovine metritis and endometritis.

The short-term treatment effects on the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue in intra-oral halitosis patients--a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effects of rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse with or without adjunct tongue scraping on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath air, and the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized single-masked controlled clinical trial with a cross-over study design over 14 days including 21 subjects was performed. Bacterial samples from the dorsum of the tongue were assayed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: No halitosis (identified by VSC assessments) at day 14 was identified in 12/21 subjects with active rinse alone, in 10/21 with adjunct use of tongue scraper, in 1/21 for negative control rinse alone, and in 3/21 in the control and tongue scraping sequence. At day 14, significantly lower counts were identified only in the active rinse sequence (p < 0.001) for 15/78 species including, Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Tannerella forsythia. A decrease in bacteria from baseline to day 14 was found in successfully treated subjects for 9/74 species including: P. gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, S. aureus, and Treponema denticola. Baseline VSC scores were correlated with several bacterial species. The use of a tongue scraper combined with active rinse did not change the levels of VSC compared to rinsing alone. CONCLUSIONS: VSC scores were not associated with bacterial counts in samples taken from the dorsum of the tongue. The active rinse alone containing zinc and chlorhexidine had effects on intra-oral halitosis and reduced bacterial counts of species associated with malodor. Tongue scraping provided no beneficial effects on the microbiota studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontally healthy subjects with intra-oral halitosis benefit from daily rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse.

Prueba de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de un material de obturación endodóntica / Antimicrobial susceptibility test of an endodontic filling material

Los estudios y ensayos de laboratorio "in vitro" realizados en el presente trabajo con P.L.R.M. (pasta lentamente reabsorbible de Maisto) confirman un efecto bacteriostático con todas las cepas de microorganismos estudiados: Fusobacterium periodonticum ATCC 33693 Prevotella Melaninogénica ATCC 439822 Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus viridans y Streptococcus Grupo A, en períodos de 0 a 56 días y valores de 1g. hasta 0,5mg/ml (AU)

Phototoxicity of argon laser irradiation on biofilms of Porphyromonas and Prevotella species.

Species of Prevotella (Pr.) and Porphyromonas (Po.) and other microorganisms were cultivated as biofilms on agar medium and examined for their susceptibility to argon laser irradiation (continuous mode; wavelengths, 488-514 nm; fluences, 20-200 J cm(-2)). Fluences of 35 to 80 J cm(-2) inhibited biofilm growth in Po. endodontalis, Po. gingivalis, Pr. denticola, Pr. intermedia, Pr. melaninogenica and Pr. nigrescens. A fluence of 70 J cm(-2) did not affect biofilm growth in species of Bacillus, Candida, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. The phototoxic effects of argon laser irradiation against Prevotella and Porphyromonas species were: (1) caused by the radiation alone; (2) modified by biofilm age; (3) dependent on the presence of atmospheric oxygen; (4) influenced by medium supplements of hemin, hemoglobin and blood; (5) greater when compared with other microbial species; (6) demonstrated without augmentation with an exogenous photosensitizer; and (7) apparently unrelated to the protoporphyrin content of the cells. Overall, these in vitro findings suggest that low doses of argon laser radiation may be effective in the treatment and/or prevention of clinical infections caused by biofilm-associated species of Prevotella or Porphyromonas.

[Study on local huangjiabang delivery device].

This article reports the pharmacological functions of local Huangjiabang delivery device which mainly includes medicinal herbs. The experimental study showed that Huangjiabang could inhibit the predominant cultivable organisms in periodontal disease significantly, and could also inhibit inflammatory swelling caused by xylene. Jiaochacaijiao, egg serum and filter-paper-granuloma significantly. The preliminary clinical observation showed that GI, PLI, SBI and PD were reduced remarkably in Huangjiabang administered pockets after two days and seven days of treatment. It is suggested that this new direct drug delivery system with medicinal herbs has wide prospect in the treatment of periodontal disease.

[Antimicrobial properties of Flos Lonicerae against oral pathogens].

The antimicrobial effect of Flos Lonicerae on oral pathogens was studied. The results showed that 73.9% of the tested pathogens were inhibited at a concentration below 6.25mg/ml. Streptococci mutants, actinomyces viscosus and bacteroides melaninogenicus were comparatively more sensitive to Flos Lonicerae.

[Empirical antibiotic therapy of wounds complicated by anaerobic non-clostridial infection]. / Empiricheskaia antibiotikoterapiia ranevogo protsessa, oslozhnennogo anaérobnoi neklostridia'lnoi infektsiei.

Antibacterial activity of 14 drugs against clinical strains of asporogenic anaerobes causing wound infections in the soft tissues i. e. Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus as well as anaerobic gram-positive++ cocci was assayed with the method of serial dilutions in agar. It was shown that among the investigated species B. fragilis had the most marked resistance since out of the 14 drugs only 8 were sufficiently active against it i.e. carbenicillin, levomycetin, lincomycin, dioxidine, metronidazole, thinidazole, nitrazole and erythromycin. The choice of drugs for treating infections caused by B. melaninogenicus and anaerobic grampositive cocci unlike those caused by B. fragilis offered no difficulty since practically++ all the investigated drugs were highly active against the causative agents. There was observed relationship between the frequency of asporogenic anaerobes and the wound genesis. The characteristic features of the species composition connected with localization of the suppurative foci were indicated. The detected specific antimicrobial profiles of the asporogenic anaerobes causing wound infections and the peculiarity of their participation in development of purulent infections of the soft tissues provided a differential approach to empirical antibacterial therapy prior to the pathogen bacteriological investigation and availability of the antibioticograms.

Activities of Nigerian chewing stick extracts against Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

The in vitro activities of extracts of Nigerian chewing sticks against Bacteroides gingivalis and B. melaninogenicus are presented. The greatest inhibitory action was produced by Serindeia werneckei, whereas Fagara zanthoxyloides produced no appreciable inhibitory effect. A generally good correlation was found between the killing curves and MICs. Only extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus showed acute toxicity in mice.