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1.
J Acad Nutr Diet ; 122(2): 410-423.e6, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35065817

RESUMEN

This Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position Paper reports current evidence on pediatric overweight and obesity prevention interventions and discusses implications for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). An overview of current systematic reviews provided evidence-based results from a range of nutrition interventions according to developmental age group (ages 2 to 5, 6 to 12, and 13 to 17 years). Twenty-one current systematic reviews of nutrition interventions demonstrated a beneficial effect of nutrition and physical activity interventions on body mass index measures and no adverse events were identified. RDNs impart nutrition expertise in a wide range of settings to provide comprehensive care for children and adolescents as their nutrition and developmental needs change over time. This Position Paper outlines the current roles of, and proposed directions for, RDNs engaged in pediatric overweight and obesity prevention. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity requires comprehensive strategies ranging from policy-level to individual-level interventions in settings that will have the most beneficial impact for children according to their developmental stage. This Position Paper advocates for increased availability of nutrition and food access programs and interventions to reduce risk of pediatric obesity and associated adverse health outcomes both now and for future generations.


Asunto(s)
Dietética/normas , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Prevención Primaria/normas , Academias e Institutos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Dietética/métodos , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Política Nutricional , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Desarrollo de Programa , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto
2.
JAMA Netw Open ; 4(12): e2138911, 2021 12 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34910151

RESUMEN

Importance: With the global population aging, falls and fall-related injuries are ubiquitous, and several clinical practice guidelines for falls prevention and management for individuals 60 years or older have been developed. A systematic evaluation of the recommendations and agreement level is lacking. Objectives: To perform a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for falls prevention and management for adults 60 years or older in all settings (eg, community, acute care, and nursing homes), evaluate agreement in recommendations, and identify potential gaps. Evidence Review: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement methods for clinical practice guidelines on fall prevention and management for older adults was conducted (updated July 1, 2021) using MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Epistemonikos databases. Medical Subject Headings search terms were related to falls, clinical practice guidelines, management and prevention, and older adults, with no restrictions on date, language, or setting for inclusion. Three independent reviewers selected records for full-text examination if they followed evidence- and consensus-based processes and assessed the quality of the guidelines using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE-II) criteria. The strength of the recommendations was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scores, and agreement across topic areas was assessed using the Fleiss κ statistic. Findings: Of 11 414 records identified, 159 were fully reviewed and assessed for eligibility, and 15 were included. All 15 selected guidelines had high-quality AGREE-II total scores (mean [SD], 80.1% [5.6%]), although individual quality domain scores for clinical applicability (mean [SD], 63.4% [11.4%]) and stakeholder (clinicians, patients, or caregivers) involvement (mean [SD], 76.3% [9.0%]) were lower. A total of 198 recommendations covering 16 topic areas in 15 guidelines were identified after screening 4767 abstracts that proceeded to 159 full texts. Most (≥11) guidelines strongly recommended performing risk stratification, assessment tests for gait and balance, fracture and osteoporosis management, multifactorial interventions, medication review, exercise promotion, environment modification, vision and footwear correction, referral to physiotherapy, and cardiovascular interventions. The strengths of the recommendations were inconsistent for vitamin D supplementation, addressing cognitive factors, and falls prevention education. Recommendations on use of hip protectors and digital technology or wearables were often missing. None of the examined guidelines included a patient or caregiver panel in their deliberations. Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review found that current clinical practice guidelines on fall prevention and management for older adults showed a high degree of agreement in several areas in which strong recommendations were made, whereas other topic areas did not achieve this level of consensus or coverage. Future guidelines should address clinical applicability of their recommendations and include perspectives of patients and other stakeholders.


Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas/prevención & control , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/normas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Terapia Combinada , Consenso , Planificación Ambiental , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Humanos , Revisión de Medicamentos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/complicaciones , Osteoporosis/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/normas , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Heridas y Lesiones/etiología , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia
4.
Nutrients ; 13(6)2021 May 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34071268

RESUMEN

The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide dietary recommendations to meet nutrient needs, promote health, and prevent disease. Despite 40 years of DGA, the prevalence of under-consumed nutrients continues in the US and globally, although dietary supplement use can help to fill shortfalls. Nutrient recommendations are based on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) to meet the nutrient requirements for nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group and many need to be updated using current evidence. There is an opportunity to modernize vitamin and mineral intake recommendations based on biomarker or surrogate endpoint levels needed to 'prevent deficiency' with DRIs based on ranges of biomarker or surrogate endpoints levels that support normal cell/organ/tissue function in healthy individuals, and to establish DRIs for bioactive compounds. We recommend vitamin K and Mg DRIs be updated and DRIs be established for lutein and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA). With increasing interest in personalized (or precision) nutrition, we propose greater research investment in validating biomarkers and metabolic health measures and the development and use of inexpensive diagnostic devices. Data generated from such approaches will help elucidate optimal nutrient status, provide objective evaluations of an individual's nutritional status, and serve to provide personalized nutrition guidance.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Política Nutricional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Promoción de la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Humanos , Luteína , Estado Nutricional , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Estados Unidos , Vitamina K
5.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig ; 72(2): 209-220, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34114781

RESUMEN

During the COVID-19 pandemic, care for an adequate diet, well adapted to the body's needs and the current level of physical activity, becomes of particular importance. Many dietary compounds participate in the functioning of the immune system, while vitamins D, C, A (including beta-carotene), E, B6, B12, folic acid, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, amino acids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and intestinal microbiota are crucial in various types of defence processes. There has been no evidence that consumed food and its compounds, including those with pro-/prebiotic properties, play a significant role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or alleviating its course. However, in terms of the nutritional value of food and the prevention of dysbiosis, recommending a varied diet with a high proportion of plant-based foods and an adequate amount of animal-based foods has a sound scientific basis. Malnutrition, underweight and obesity are considered independent and prognostic risk factors of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, which reduce a patient's chances of survival. Therefore, ensuring good nutritional status, including healthy body weight, is a reasonable approach in the prevention of viral infection SARS-CoV-2 or alleviating its course. The document is accompanied by two catalogues of practical nutritional recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed to the general population and children.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Estado Nutricional , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Academias e Institutos/normas , Adulto , COVID-19 , Niño , Suplementos Dietéticos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Valor Nutritivo , Polonia , Salud Pública , Oligoelementos/uso terapéutico
7.
J Med Internet Res ; 22(11): e18650, 2020 11 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33231552

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts' opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people. METHODS: Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N'Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.


Asunto(s)
Actitud , Educación/normas , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Intervención basada en la Internet/tendencias , Salud Sexual/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Paritario , Investigación Cualitativa
8.
Int J Public Health ; 65(9): 1603-1612, 2020 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33037894

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of rebranding former traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to conduct health promotion activities and refer women to health facilities. METHODS: The project used 200 former TBAs, 100 of whom were also enrolled in a small income generating business. The evaluation had a three-arm, quasiexperimental design with baseline and endline household surveys. The three arms were: (a) Health promotion (HP) only; (b) Health promotion plus business (HP+); and (c) the comparison group. The Lives Saved Tool is used to estimate the number of lives saved. RESULTS: The HP+ intervention had a statistically significant impact on health facility delivery and four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy. The cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at US$4130 per life year saved in the HP only arm, and US$1539 in the HP+ arm. Therefore, only the HP+ intervention is considered to be cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: It is critical to prioritize cost-effective interventions such as, in the case of rural Sierra Leone, community-based strategies involving rebranding TBAs as health promoters and enrolling them in health-related income generating activities.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/organización & administración , Partería/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Rural/organización & administración , Adolescente , Adulto , Entorno del Parto/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Instituciones de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/economía , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/normas , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Salud Rural/normas , Sierra Leona , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven
9.
Curr Hematol Malig Rep ; 15(4): 241-247, 2020 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32533390

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The Choosing Wisely® initiative, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in collaboration with national professional medical societies, aims to help patients choose care that is essential, free from harm, and evidence-based. The American Society of Hematology has advocated practices specific to hematology for physicians and patients to examine carefully. Here, we summarize various barriers to adopting these practices, interventions used to improve adoption, and challenges in measuring the effectiveness of these interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: The Choosing Wisely® campaign has become an international effort with more than 20 countries worldwide having embraced it. Such widespread interest indicates that the campaign initiated an important dialog between patients and physicians about overutilization of resources. Evidence showing the positive impact of interventions on adopting these practices is accumulating, but their effect on improving clinical outcomes is uncertain. Decreasing overuse of resources is a cultural change in perspective for practitioners and patients alike. We believe that healthcare delivery is transitioning from being volume-based to value-based. As we continue to support the Choosing Wisely® campaign, we need to implement strategies to document and measure the influence of our value-based recommendations on physician practices, patient care and attitudes, and healthcare costs.


Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/normas , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Hematología/normas , Participación del Paciente , Seguridad del Paciente/normas , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/normas , Conducta de Elección , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/normas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/economía , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Hematología/economía , Humanos , Uso Excesivo de los Servicios de Salud/prevención & control , Seguridad del Paciente/economía , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/economía , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Seguro de Salud Basado en Valor
10.
Hawaii J Health Soc Welf ; 79(6 Suppl 2): 6-9, 2020 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32596670

RESUMEN

Almost a quarter of Pohnpei's population is overweight or obese, a major factor influencing a 2010 non-communicable diseases (NCD) emergency declaration. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) project in Pohnpei is implementing a culturally tailored policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) intervention to reduce NCDs through healthy nutrition projects. Through collaboration with traditional leaders and using traditional protocols, REACH succeeded in soliciting formal approval from a Traditional Monarch to serve only healthy beverages during events at all traditional houses in the municipality. The Governor, in turn, also supported this initiative. This project cultivated relationships with traditional and government leaders to implement a culturally appropriate healthy nutrition PSE change intervention.


Asunto(s)
Política de Salud/tendencias , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Obesidad/prevención & control , Bebidas Azucaradas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Asistencia Sanitaria Culturalmente Competente , Política de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Promoción de la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Humanos , Micronesia/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/prevención & control , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/terapia , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Bebidas Azucaradas/normas , Bebidas Azucaradas/estadística & datos numéricos
11.
Holist Nurs Pract ; 34(4): 221-233, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32404725

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the chief cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with the incidence increasing exponentially particularly in low- to middle-income countries. The increase in the incidence of breast cancer is partly accounted for by increases in life expectancy due to improvements in public health, but also related to an increase in risk factors for cancer including smoking, excess body weight, decreased physical activity, and changes in reproductive activity. Health-promoting lifestyle is therefore one of the major topics of importance in studying chronic illnesses and cancer. Health promotion interventions, including the use of care models, have a vast contribution to make in terms of timely diagnosis and improved survival. One such care model, which has been designed to increase self-care, adherence, and performance in chronic patients, is the continuous care model (CCM). This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the influence of the CCM on the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer during 2017-2018. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with breast cancer were chosen by convenience sampling followed by random allocation into treatment and control groups. Six sessions of group discussion were held for the treatment group according to the CCM and items in the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire. Data collection tools included a general health questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, a family support questionnaire, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), which respondents completed before and after the intervention. P values ≤ .05 were considered significant. When comparing the mean score of health-promoting lifestyle in both the control and treatment groups, before and after the intervention, significant increases in every dimension were observed. The average overall health promotion lifestyle was revealed to be significantly elevated from 123.48 to 147.12. However, in the control group the mean scores had slightly increased or were the same in all the dimensions. In addition, the average overall health promotion lifestyle had increased from 119.89 to 121.32. The observed difference in mean scores was not statistically significant. The CCM increased the score of health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, this caring model can be considered an alternative to improve healthy lifestyles of patients with cancer.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Modelos Psicológicos , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sobrevivientes/estadística & datos numéricos
12.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy ; 18(5): 605-623, 2020 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32291699

RESUMEN

The concept of a Health Promoting School has been found to be effective to improve health and well-being of students as well as a help with teaching and learning in school. Effective implementation of Health Promoting School is a complex intervention involving multi-factorial and innovative activity in many domains such as curriculum, school environment and community. Many studies evaluating Health Promoting School do not include outcomes reflecting the organisational or structural change as many of those studies are quantitative in nature and the statistical assumptions are not valid reflecting the organisational structure changes. Recent global meetings of experts have reviewed the impact on student health from the perspectives of school environment, school policies on health, action competencies on healthy living and community linkage. The English Wessex Healthy School Award Scheme and the Hong Kong Healthy School Awards Scheme have developed detailed systems to analyse whether each individual school has reached the standard of a model Health Promoting School reflecting a more holistic appreciation and understanding of all the effects of school-based health promotion with positive award-related changes. However, not many schools are able to implement Health Promoting School in its entirety, so cores indicators are needed as a starting point for wider implementation. Hong Kong Healthy School Awards Scheme is still ongoing with data for analysis of indicators with significant correlation with better health and well-being. We identified the core indicators and substantiated the requirements for successful outcomes by supplementing the established award-scheme framework with a review of recent literature and documents. Framework of Health Promoting School would go beyond improvement of health literacy to enable a more efficient system for education and health on children, hence a good investment in children.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Instituciones Académicas , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Hong Kong
13.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 73(3): e20190064, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32321141

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. METHODS: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. RESULTS: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. CONCLUSIONS: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.


Asunto(s)
Felicidad , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Adolescente , Correlación de Datos , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Paritario , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32259276

RESUMEN

This paper reports Phase 4 of the Culture is Prevention Project where we validated the Cultural Connectedness Scale - California (CCS-CA) with a sample of 344 Indigenous adults in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. In Phase 3 of this project, the CCS-CA was modified from the original Canadian Cultural Connectedness Scale (CCS) developed by Dr. Angela Snowshoe and colleagues to be a better fit for the more multi-tribal communities in urban California. Both the CCS-CA and CCS consist of 29 items that measure culture on 3 sub-scales: identity, traditions, and spirituality. The project demonstrated a positive link between cultural connectedness and mental health/well-being using the Herth Hope Index. We report results similar to the original CCS study by Snowshoe et al., where we found the CCS-CA to be a valid and reliable strength-based instrument and to support the conclusion that culture is a social determinant of mental health/well-being for Indigenous/Native peoples.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud/normas , Indígenas Norteamericanos/psicología , Salud Mental/etnología , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud/etnología , Identificación Social , Adulto , California , Características Culturales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Resiliencia Psicológica , Autoeficacia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32033503

RESUMEN

For health services, improving organizational health literacy responsiveness is a promising approach to enhance health and counter health inequity. A number of frameworks and tools are available to help organizations boost their health literacy responsiveness. These include the Ophelia (OPtimising HEalth LIteracy and Access) approach centered on local needs assessments, co-design methodologies, and pragmatic intervention testing. Within a municipal cardiac rehabilitation (CR) setting, the Heart Skills Study aimed to: (1) Develop and test an organizational health literacy intervention using an extended version of the Ophelia approach, and (2) evaluate the organizational impact of the application of the Ophelia approach. We found the approach successful in producing feasible organizational quality improvement interventions that responded to local health literacy needs such as enhanced social support and individualized care. Furthermore, applying the Ophelia approach had a substantial organizational impact. The co-design process in the unit helped develop and integrate a new and holistic understanding of CR user needs and vulnerabilities based on health literacy. It also generated motivation and ownership among CR users, staff, and leaders, paving the way for sustainable future implementation. The findings can be used to inform the development and evaluation of sustainable co-designed health literacy initiatives in other settings.


Asunto(s)
Rehabilitación Cardiaca/normas , Guías como Asunto , Alfabetización en Salud/normas , Personal de Salud/educación , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Servicios de Salud/normas , Mejoramiento de la Calidad/normas , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
16.
Annu Rev Public Health ; 41: 81-99, 2020 04 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31900098

RESUMEN

The concept of sleep health provides a positive holistic framing of multiple sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, continuity, timing, alertness, and satisfaction. Sleep health promotion is an underrecognized public health opportunity with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, mental health, and neurodegenerative disease. Using a socioecological framework, we describe interacting domains of individual, social, and contextual influences on sleep health. To the extent that these determinants of sleep health are modifiable, sleep and public health researchers may benefit from taking a multilevel approach for addressing disparities in sleep health. For example, in addition to providing individual-level sleep behavioral recommendations, health promotion interventions need to occur at multiple contextual levels (e.g., family, schools, workplaces, media, and policy). Because sleep health, a key indicator of overall health, is unevenly distributed across the population, we consider improving sleep health a necessary step toward achieving health equity.


Asunto(s)
Equidad en Salud/organización & administración , Salud Pública , Sueño/fisiología , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Humanos , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud
17.
Soc Sci Med ; 245: 112661, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31760319

RESUMEN

Lay health workers have been utilized to deliver health promotion programmes in a variety of settings. However, few studies have sought to determine whether these programmes represent value for money, particularly in a UK context. The present study involved an economic evaluation of Wellbeing for Life, an integrated health and wellbeing service in northern England. The service combined one-to-one interventions delivered by lay health workers (known as health trainers), group wellbeing interventions, volunteering opportunities and other community development activities. Value for money was assessed using an established economic model developed with input from a panel of commissioners and providers, and the main data source was the national health trainer data collection and reporting system. Between June 2015 and January 2017, behaviour change outcomes (i.e. whether client goals in relation to diet, physical activity, smoking or other behaviours, had been achieved) were recorded for 2433 of the 3179 individuals who accessed one-to-one interventions. The level of achievement observed gave an estimated total health gain of 287.7 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). In addition, there were 4669 health-promoting events, five asset mapping projects and 1595 occurrences of signposting to other services. Combining the value of individual behaviour change with the value of these additional activities gave an overall net cost per QALY gained of £3900 and a total estimated societal value of at least £3.45 for every £1 spent on the service. These results suggest that the Wellbeing for Life service offered good value for money. Further research is needed to systematically and comprehensively determine the societal value of similar holistic, asset-based and lay-led approaches.


Asunto(s)
Análisis Costo-Beneficio/métodos , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/economía , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/normas , Análisis Costo-Beneficio/tendencias , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/tendencias , Promoción de la Salud/economía , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Reino Unido
18.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(3): e20190064, 2020. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1101508

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the relation between sociodemographic characteristics of young people associated with the subjectivity of being happy; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the perception of health status; to evaluate the relationship between the subjectivity of being happy and the school and family environments and peer groups at school. Methods: this is an observational study, with an intentional sample of 1,069 young Portuguese people, with ages varying from 14 to 24, most of them women, attending secondary education. The self-filling questionnaire was used. Results: there are statistically significant associations between the subjectivity of being happy and schooling, perception of health status, family APGAR, school and family involvement, absence of problems or teasing by peers at school. Conclusions: a positive and holistic care coupled with the potential of obtaining and consolidating healthy lifestyles for young people will enable health professionals to perceive them as agents of individual and social change.


RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas de los jóvenes asociadas con la subjetividad de ser feliz; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la percepción del estado de salud; evaluar la relación entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y el ambiente escolar, familiar y grupo de pares en la escuela. Métodos: estudio observacional con una muestra de 1.069 jóvenes portugueses, entre los 14 y los 24 años, en su mayoría mujeres, que asiste a la escuela secundaria. Se utilizó el cuestionario de autollenado. Resultados: se destacan asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la subjetividad de ser feliz y la escolaridad, la percepción del estado de salud, el APGAR Familiar, la participación escolar y familiar, ausencia de problemas o provocaciones por los pares en la escuela. Conclusiones: un cuidado positivo y holístico aliado al potencial de obtención y consolidación de patrones de vida saludables de los jóvenes permitirá a los profesionales de la salud percibirlos como agentes de cambio individual y social.


RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas dos jovens associadas à subjetividade de ser feliz; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a percepção do estado de saúde; avaliar a relação entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e o ambiente escolar, familiar e grupo de pares na escola. Métodos: estudo observacional, com amostra intencional de 1.069 jovens portugueses, entre 14 e 24 anos, maioria do sexo feminino, que frequenta o ensino secundário. Utilizou-se o questionário de autopreenchimento. Resultados: destacam-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a subjetividade de ser feliz e a escolaridade, a percepção do estado de saúde, APGAR Familiar, o envolvimento escolar e familiar, ausência de problemas ou provocações pelos pares na escola. Conclusões: um cuidado positivo e holístico aliado ao potencial de obtenção e consolidação de padrões de vida saudáveis dos jovens permitirá aos profissionais de saúde percebê-los como agentes de mudança individual e social.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Felicidad , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Grupo Paritario , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Correlación de Datos , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Promoción de la Salud/métodos
19.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract ; 33(2): 158-166, 2019 Nov 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31738276

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The growing number of homeless persons in the United States demonstrates greater morbidity and mortality than the population as a whole. Homeless persons are often without a regular source of primary care. Homeless persons use emergency departments and are hospitalized at higher rates than nonhomeless persons. In 2010, the enactment of the Affordable Care Act expanded access to primary care services. Nurse practitioners were at the forefront of its subsequent implementation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the factors that influence establishing and maintaining a regular source of primary care among homeless persons. METHODOLOGICAL ORIENTATION: In 2017, semistructured interviews were conducted in a federally qualified health center that serves predominately homeless persons. SAMPLE: A purposive convenience sample included adult health center users (N = 20). The majority of participants were insured (90%), African American (70%), and male (65%). CONCLUSIONS: Thematic analysis revealed five facilitators: sense of community, mutual patient-provider respect, financial assurance, integrated health services, and patient care teams. To establish and maintain use of a regular primary care source, homeless persons desire to experience a sense of community, feel respected by their provider/staff, and have certainty that costs will not exceed their capacity to pay. Integrated care models that leverage a multidisciplinary team approach support the use of a regular primary care source. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Actualizing achievable strategies that promote the consistent use of a regular primary care source can reduce use of avoidable emergency and hospital-based services, thereby improving health outcomes among homeless persons.


Asunto(s)
Personas con Mala Vivienda/psicología , Cobertura del Seguro/normas , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/normas , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Personas con Mala Vivienda/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Cobertura del Seguro/tendencias , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación Cualitativa
20.
Comput Inform Nurs ; 37(10): 532-540, 2019 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31449142

RESUMEN

The study aimed to develop and pilot test an Integrated Technology-Moderated Institutional Health Promotion Model for university staff in Nigeria. An operational research approach using mixed concurrent design was adopted to develop the model, and pretest-posttest method was used to evaluate the utilization and effectiveness of the developed model. The participants in the study were university staff. Health-promoting lifestyle behavior and health status were measured via the adapted Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II instrument. The emerging model (an Integrated Technology-Moderated Institutional Health Promotion Model, which is an Android phone app named Tertiary Staff Health Promotion App) was deployed. Data were collected before and 12 weeks after the app deployment. The quantitative and qualitative data findings were combined to develop an integrated technology-moderated institutional health promotion model as a means to enhance health-promoting lifestyle behavior and health status of staff. The result of the pilot testing of the model showed that the model enhances health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and improves the health status of staff. Nurses, especially in community/public health nursing practice, can provide innovative interventions to drive and enhance health-promoting lifestyle behavior and improve health status of workers and other population groups through effective use of information and communication technology.


Asunto(s)
Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/normas , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Investigación Operativa , Proyectos Piloto , Desarrollo de Programa/métodos , Sudáfrica , Universidades/organización & administración
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