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1.
Molecules ; 26(11)2021 Jun 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34205105

RESUMEN

The Late Neolithic palafitte site, Ustie na Drim, in the northern part of Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia), excavated in 1962, offered ceramic fragments of large, flat, elongated pans. These artifacts could be dated by relative chronology to roughly around 5200-5000 BC. According to their shape and technological traits, the ceramic pans were probably used for baking. The attached materials on the surface of studied pan fragments were sampled for consequent chemical and microscopical analyses (i.e., analyses of starch, phytoliths, and microscopic animal remains). An immunological method revealed the presence of pork proteins in samples. The presence of organic residues of animal origin was, moreover, confirmed by the detection of cholesterol using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Analysis of detected microscopic botanical objects revealed starch grains of several plants (i.e., oak, cattail, and grasses). An interesting find was the hair of a beetle larva, which could be interpreted contextually as the khapra beetle, a pest of grain and flour. Based on our data, we suppose that the ceramic pans from Ustie na Drim were used for the preparation of meals containing meat from common livestock in combination with cereals and wild plants.


Asunto(s)
Cerámica/análisis , Alimentos/historia , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Proteínas/análisis , Animales , Arqueología , Cerámica/historia , Culinaria/historia , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Historia Antigua , Extractos Vegetales/historia , Proteínas/historia , República de Macedonia del Norte , Porcinos
2.
Amino Acids ; 53(2): 295-312, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33582869

RESUMEN

Mass spectrometry-based approaches have been successfully applied for identifying ancient proteins in bones and other tissues. On the contrary, there are relatively few examples of the successful recovery and identification of archeological protein residues from ceramic artifacts; this is because ceramics contain much lower levels of proteins which are extensively degraded by diagenetic effects. In this paper, we report the results of the characterization of proteins extracted from pottery of the Maltese site of Bahrija, the guide-site for the Bahrija period (half of 9th-second half of eighth century BCE), recently identified as the final part of the Borg in-Nadur culture. Proteomic data here reported confirm that one of the major issue of these kind of studies is represented by contamination of animal and human agents that may complicate endogenous protein identification and authentication. The samples tested included a small group of ceramic forms, namely three tableware and six coarse ware thought to have been used in food preparation and/or storage. In this context, the limited availability of paleobotanical and archeozoological analyses may be compensated by the outcomes of the first proteomics profiling which, even if obtained on a limited selection of vessels, revealed the centrality of wheat in the diet of the ancient community of Bahrija. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier < PXD022848 > .


Asunto(s)
Cerámica/química , Análisis de los Alimentos/historia , Proteínas/química , Animales , Arqueología , Cerámica/historia , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Malta , Espectrometría de Masas , Proteínas/historia , Proteómica
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