RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Precision treatment of glioblastoma is increasingly focused on molecular subtyping, with the mesenchymal subtype particularly resistant to temozolomide. Here, we aim to develop a targeted therapy for temozolomide resensitization in the mesenchymal subtype. METHODS: We integrated kinomic profiles and kinase inhibitor screens from patient-derived proneural and mesenchymal glioma-propagating cells and public clinical datasets to identify key protein kinases implicated in temozolomide resistance. RNAseq, apoptosis assays, and comet assays were used to examine the role of p38MAPK signaling and adaptive chemoresistance in mesenchymal cells. The efficacy of dual p38MAPK and MEK/ERK inhibition using ralimetinib (selective orally active p38MAPK inhibitor; phase I/II for glioblastoma) and binimetinib (approved MEK1/2 inhibitor for melanoma; phase II for high-grade glioma) in primary and recurrent mesenchymal tumors was evaluated using an intracranial patient-derived tumor xenograft model, focusing on survival analysis. RESULTS: Our transcriptomic-kinomic integrative analysis revealed p38MAPK as the prime target whose gene signature enables patient stratification based on their molecular subtypes and provides prognostic value. Repurposed p38MAPK inhibitors synergize favorably with temozolomide to promote intracellular retention of temozolomide and exacerbate DNA damage. Mesenchymal cells exhibit adaptive chemoresistance to p38MAPK inhibition through a pH-/calcium-mediated MEK/ERK pathway. Dual p38MAPK and MEK inhibition effectively maintain temozolomide sensitivity in primary and recurrent intracranial mesenchymal glioblastoma xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Temozolomide resistance in mesenchymal glioblastoma is associated with p38MAPK activation. Adaptive chemoresistance in p38MAPK-resistant cells is mediated by MEK/ERK signaling. Adjuvant therapy with dual p38MAPK and MEK inhibition prolongs temozolomide sensitivity, which can be developed into a precision therapy for the mesenchymal subtype.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Glioblastoma , Temozolomida , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos , Temozolomida/farmacología , Humanos , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/patología , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , PronósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Over half of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hard-wired to RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway oncogenic signaling. However, the promise of targeted therapeutic inhibitors, has been tempered by disappointing clinical activity, likely due to complex resistance mechanisms that are not well understood. This study aims to investigate MEK inhibitor-associated resistance signaling and identify subpopulation(s) of CRC patients who may be sensitive to biomarker-driven drug combination(s). METHODS: We classified 2250 primary and metastatic human CRC tumors by consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). For each tumor, we generated multiple gene expression signature scores measuring MEK pathway activation, MEKi "bypass" resistance, SRC activation, dasatinib sensitivity, EMT, PC1, Hu-Lgr5-ISC, Hu-EphB2-ISC, Hu-Late TA, Hu-Proliferation, and WNT activity. We carried out correlation, survival and other bioinformatic analyses. Validation analyses were performed in two independent publicly available CRC tumor datasets (n = 585 and n = 677) and a CRC cell line dataset (n = 154). RESULTS: Here we report a central role of SRC in mediating "bypass"-resistance to MEK inhibition (MEKi), primarily in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our integrated and comprehensive gene expression signature analyses in 2250 CRC tumors reveal that MEKi-resistance is strikingly-correlated with SRC activation (Spearman P < 10-320), which is similarly associated with EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), regional metastasis and disease recurrence with poor prognosis. Deeper analysis shows that both MEKi-resistance and SRC activation are preferentially associated with a mesenchymal CSC phenotype. This association is validated in additional independent CRC tumor and cell lines datasets. The CMS classification analysis demonstrates the strikingly-distinct associations of CMS1-4 subtypes with the MEKi-resistance and SRC activation. Importantly, MEKi + SRCi sensitivities are predicted to occur predominantly in the KRAS mutant, mesenchymal CSC-like CMS4 CRCs. CONCLUSIONS: Large human tumor gene expression datasets representing CRC heterogeneity can provide deep biological insights heretofore not possible with cell line models, suggesting novel repurposed drug combinations. We identified SRC as a common targetable node--an Achilles' heel--in MEKi-targeted therapy-associated resistance in mesenchymal stem-like CRCs, which may help development of a biomarker-driven drug combination (MEKi + SRCi) to treat problematic subpopulations of CRC.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Familia-src Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Osteoporosis is a disease, which causes huge economic and social burden. Using natural compound to treat such disease is beneficial for the fewer side effects and effectiveness. D-(-)-salicin (DSA) is a component extracted from the bark of Populus and Salix species. In our research, we discovered that DSA suppressed RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclast in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. It was also found that the mineral resorbing activity by osteoclasts was depressed via DSA. For the mechanism, we confirmed the inhibitory effect, by which DSA suppressed osteoclast formation and function, was through the inhibition of ROS signaling, MAPK and NF-κB cascades. DSA also suppressed the expression and activity of NFATc1. Therefore, by inhibiting the ROS production, MAPK and NF-κB signal cascade, DSA inhibited the osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholes Bencílicos/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Populus/química , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Actinas , Animales , Western Blotting , Diferenciación Celular , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Fémur/citología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Osteoclastos/citología , Osteoclastos/fisiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Sincalida , Tibia/citologíaRESUMEN
Formononetin is an isoflavone, found in herbs like Trifolium pratense, which executes a variety of physiological activities including anti-neurodegenerative effect. However, the molecular mechanism of formononetin-mediated neuroprotection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of formononetin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced death of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Formononetin suppressed H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. H2O2-induced increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was decreased by formononetin, together with the enhanced expression of the antioxidant genes. H2O2-induced elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-7 levels were lowered by formononetin treatment. Moreover, formononetin repressed H2O2-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) siRNA decreased antioxidant gene expression and elevated the H2O2-induced ROS level in the formononetin-treated cells. Furthermore, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling is involved in the activation of the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of formononetin against H2O2-induced cell death is due to a decrease in the ROS level with the enhanced expression of the antioxidant genes through activation of the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signaling. In addition, formononetin suppressed apoptosis through inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPKs in SH-SY5Y cells. Thus, formononetin is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Muerte Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/biosíntesis , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Neuronas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/biosíntesis , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/biosíntesis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Allergic asthma is one of the inflammatory diseases, which has become a major public health problem. Qu zhi qiao (QZQ), a dry and immature fruit of Citrus paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou, has various flavonoids with pharmacological properties. However, there is a knowledge gap on the pharmacological properties of QZQ on allergic asthma. Therefore, here, we explored the efficacy and mechanism of total flavonoids from QZQ (TFCH) on allergic asthma. We extracted and purified TFCH and conducted animal experiments using an Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and Swiss-Giemsa staining were used to count different inflammatory cells in allergic asthma mice. We conducted histopathology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the changes in the lungs of allergic asthma mice. Moreover, we used ELISA assays to analyze chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, western blot analyses were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of TFCH on allergic asthma. We established that TFCH has anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits airway remodeling, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.
Asunto(s)
Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/efectos de los fármacos , Asma/prevención & control , Citrus paradisi , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Smad2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína smad3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/fisiología , Animales , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Frutas , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/toxicidad , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Proteína smad3/metabolismoRESUMEN
Increasing reports of multidrug-resistant malaria parasites urge the discovery of new effective drugs with different chemical scaffolds. Protein kinases play a key role in many cellular processes such as signal transduction and cell division, making them interesting targets in many diseases. Protein kinase 7 (PK7) is an orphan kinase from the Plasmodium genus, essential for the sporogonic cycle of these parasites. Here, we applied a robust and integrative artificial intelligence-assisted virtual-screening (VS) approach using shape-based and machine learning models to identify new potential PK7 inhibitors with inâ vitro antiplasmodial activity. Eight virtual hits were experimentally evaluated, and compound LabMol-167 inhibited ookinete conversion of Plasmodium berghei and blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum at nanomolar concentrations with low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. As PK7 does not have an essential role in the Plasmodium blood stage and our virtual screening strategy aimed for both PK7 and blood-stage inhibition, we conducted an in silico target fishing approach and propose that this compound might also inhibit P. falciparum PK5, acting as a possible dual-target inhibitor. Finally, docking studies of LabMol-167 with P. falciparum PK7 and PK5 proteins highlighted key interactions for further hit-to lead optimization.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/farmacología , Inteligencia Artificial , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Protozoarias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antimaláricos/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Plasmodium falciparum/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Breast cancer is responsible for high morbidity and mortality across the globe. Studies are focusing to develop novel systemic therapies for the treatment of this disease. The present study was designed to examine the anticancer effects of Shionone against human breast cancer cells along with the underlying mechanism of its action. METHODS: The breast cancer SK-BR-3 and normal breast MB-157 cell lines were used in the study. CCK8 assay was used for cell viability assessment. DAPI was used for the assessment of nuclear morphology. Acridine orange (AO)/ ethidium bromide (EB) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assays were used for detection of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometry. Protein expression was examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that in vitro administration of Shionone led to decline of proliferation of breast cancer cells. The reduction of proliferative rates was attributed to the induction of apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Shionone caused cleavage of caspase-3 and 9. The expression of Bax was increased and that of Bcl-2 was decreased upon Shionone treatment. The transwell assays showed that Shionone suppressed the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, western blot analysis showed that Shionone blocked the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Taken all together, the study established the anticancer role of triterpenoid Shionone in restricting the growth and proliferation of human breast cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/fisiología , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Triterpenos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis , Movimiento Celular , Femenino , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Transducción de Señal , Triterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare and malignant intraocular tumour with a dismal prognosis. Despite a good control of the primary tumour by radiation or surgery, up to 50% of patients subsequently develop metastasis for which no efficient treatment is yet available. METHODOLOGY: To identify therapeutic opportunities, we performed an in vitro screen of 30 combinations of different inhibitors of pathways that are dysregulated in UM. Effects of drug combinations on viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed in eight UM cell lines. The best synergistic combinations were further evaluated in six UM patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). RESULTS: We demonstrated that the Bcl-2/XL/W inhibitor (ABT263) sensitised the UM cell lines to other inhibitors, mainly to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors. mTOR (RAD001) and MEK1/2 (trametinib) inhibitors were efficient as single agents, but their combinations with ABT263 displayed no synergism in UM PDXs. In contrast, the combination of ABT263 with MDM2 inhibitor (HDM201) showed a trend for a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION: We showed that inhibition of Bcl-2/XL/W sensitised the UM cell lines to other treatments encouraging investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, our findings highlighted Bcl-2/XL/W and MDM2 co-inhibition as a promising strategy in UM.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Úvea/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos de Anilina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Everolimus/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patología , Ratones , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Piridonas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinonas/administración & dosificación , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/antagonistas & inhibidores , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Úvea/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Úvea/patología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto/métodos , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: KRAS mutations are the most frequent oncogenic aberration in lung adenocarcinoma. KRAS mutant isoforms differentially shape tumour biology and influence drug responses. This heterogeneity challenges the development of effective therapies for patients with KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We developed an integrative pharmacogenomics analysis to identify potential drug targets to overcome MEK/ERK inhibitor resistance in lung cancer cell lines with KRAS(G12C) mutation (nâ¯=â¯12). We validated our predictive in silico results with in vitro models using gene knockdown, pharmacological target inhibition and reporter assays. FINDINGS: Our computational analysis identifies casein kinase 2A1 (CSNK2A1) as a mediator of MEK/ERK inhibitor resistance in KRAS(G12C) mutant lung cancer cells. CSNK2A1 knockdown reduces cell proliferation, inhibits Wnt/ß-catenin signalling and increases the anti-proliferative effect of MEK inhibition selectively in KRAS(G12C) mutant lung cancer cells. The specific CK2-inhibitor silmitasertib phenocopies the CSNK2A1 knockdown effect and sensitizes KRAS(G12C) mutant cells to MEK inhibition. INTERPRETATION: Our study supports the importance of accurate patient stratification and rational drug combinations to gain benefit from MEK inhibition in patients with KRAS mutant NSCLC. We develop a genotype-based strategy that identifies CK2 as a promising co-target in KRAS(G12C) mutant NSCLC by using available pharmacogenomics gene expression datasets. This approach is applicable to other oncogene driven cancers. FUND: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Lung Cancer Research Foundation and a Mildred-Scheel postdoctoral fellowship from the German Cancer Aid Foundation.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Mutación/genética , Farmacogenética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Genes Dominantes , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Unfortunately, chemotherapies are limited due to many complications and development of resistance and recurrence. The T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is highly expressed and activated in colon cancer, and plays an important role in inflammation, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Therefore, suppressing TOPK activity and its downstream signaling cascades is considered to be a rational therapeutic/preventive strategy against colon cancers. PURPOSE: 3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a component of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a natural oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-DSC on colon cancer cell growth and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanism of targeting TOPK. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To evaluate the effects of 3-DSC against colon cancer, we performed cell proliferation assays, propidium iodide- and annexin V-staining analyses and Western blotting. Targeting TOPK by 3-DSC was identified by a kinase-binding assay and computational docking models. RESULTS: 3-DSC inhibited the kinase activity of TOPK, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK). The direct binding of 3-DSC with TOPK was explored using a computational docking model and binding assay in vitro and ex vivo. 3-DSC inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of colon cancer cells with 3-DSC induced expression of protein that are involved in cell cycle (cyclin B1) and apoptosis (cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-7), and suppressed protein expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and c-Jun, which are regulated by the upstream kinase, TOPK. CONCLUSION: 3-DSC suppresses colon cancer cell growth by directly targeting the TOPK- mediated signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Chalconas/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Chalconas/química , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Humanos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Baicalin is the main bioactive component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Baical Skullcap Root, and its anti-tumor activity has been studied in previous studies. PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is highly expressed in many cancer cells and stimulates the tumorigenic properties, and so, it is a pivotal target for agent to cure cancers. We reported for the first time that baicalin suppressed PBK/TOPK activities by directly binding with PBK/TOPK in vitro and in vivo. Ex vivo studies showed that baicalin suppressed PBK/TOPK activity in JB6 Cl41 cells and H441 lung cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of PBK/TOPK in H441 cells decreased their sensitivity to baicalin. In vivo study indicated that injection of baicalin in H441 tumor-bearing mice effectively suppressed cancer growth. The PBK/TOPK downstream signaling molecules Histone H3 and ERK2 in tumor tissues were also decreased after baicalin treatment. Taken together, baicalin can inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells as a PBK/TOPK inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Células A549 , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Treatment of liver cancer remains challenging because of a paucity of drugs that target critical dependencies. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that is approved as the standard therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, but it only provides limited survival benefit. In this study we aimed to identify potential combination therapies to improve the clinical response to sorafenib. METHODS: To investigate the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of sorafenib, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 based synthetic lethality screen to search for kinases whose knockout synergizes with sorafenib. Synergistic effects of sorafenib and selumetinib on cell apoptosis and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) were analyzed by caspase-3/7 apoptosis assay and western blot, respectively. p-ERK was measured by immunochemical analysis using a tissue microarray containing 78 liver cancer specimens. The in vivo effects of the combination were also measured in two xenograft models. RESULT: We found that suppression of ERK2 (MAPK1) sensitizes several liver cancer cell lines to sorafenib. Drugs inhibiting the MEK (MEK1/2 [MAP2K1/2]) or ERK (ERK1/2 [MAPK1/3]) kinases reverse unresponsiveness to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo in a subset of liver cancer cell lines characterized by high levels of active p-ERK, through synergistic inhibition of ERK kinase activity. CONCLUSION: Our data provide a combination strategy for treating liver cancer and suggest that tumors with high basal p-ERK levels, which are seen in approximately 30% of liver cancers, are most likely to benefit from such combinatorial treatment. LAY SUMMARY: Sorafenib is approved as the standard therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, but only provides limited survival benefit. Herein, we found that inhibition of the kinase ERK2 increases the response to sorafenib in liver cancer. Our data indicate that a combination of sorafenib and a MEK inhibitor is most likely to be effective in tumors with high basal phospho-ERK levels.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sorafenib/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
A novel series of benzodihydrofuran derivatives was developed as potent MEK inhibitors through scaffold hopping based on known clinical compounds. Further SAR exploration and optimization led to another benzofuran series with good oral bioavailability in rats. One of the compounds EBI-1051 (28d) demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy in colo-205 tumor xenograft models in mouse and is suitable for pre-clinical development studies for the treatment of melanoma and MEK associated cancers. Compared to AZD6244, EBI-1051 showed superior potency in some cancer cell lines such as colon-205, A549 and MDA-MB-231.
Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Benzofuranos/administración & dosificación , Benzofuranos/farmacocinética , Benzofuranos/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Trasplante HeterólogoRESUMEN
The current development status of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, has been summarized in this review. Different MEK inhibitors, possessing specific physicochemical properties and bioactivity characteristics, may provide different options for patients seeking treatment for cancer. Moreover, the combination of the MEK inhibitors with other therapies-such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy-may be a promising approach for clinical use.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas raf/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismoRESUMEN
Excessive exposure to solar UV (SUV) is related with numerous human skin disorders, such as skin inflammation, photoaging and carcinogenesis. T-LAK cell- originated protein kinase (TOPK), an upstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), plays an important role in SUV -induced skin inflammation, and targeting TOPK has already been a strategy to prevent skin inflammation. In this study, we found that the expression of TOPK, phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs was increased in human solar dermatitis tissues. The level of phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs increased in a dose and time dependent manner in HaCat cells or JB6 Cl41 cells after SUV treatment. Paeonol is an active component isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazdium) assay showed that it has no toxicity to cells. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay showed that paeonol can bind TOPK ex vivo. In vitro kinase assay showed paeonol can inhibit TOPK activity. Ex vivo studies further showed paeonol suppressed SUV-induced phosphorylation level of p38, JNKs, MSK1 and histone H2AX by inhibiting TOPK activity in a time and dose dependent manner. Paeonol inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in HaCat and JB6 cells ex vivo. In vivo studies demonstrated that paeonol inhibited SUV-induced increase of TOPK, the phosphorylation of p38, JNKs and H2AX, and the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in Babl/c mouse. In summary, our data indicated a protective role of paeonol against SUV-induced inflammation by targeting TOPK, and paeonol could be a promising agent for the treatment of SUV-induced skin inflammation.
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Acetofenonas/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Dermatitis/etiología , Dermatitis/metabolismo , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Rayos Ultravioleta , Animales , Línea Celular , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Unión Proteica , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Regulation of various signalling (Ras-MAPK, PI3K and AKT) pathways by augmented activity of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) could prevent or halt the progress of dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). Various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicated anti-parkinsonic potential of asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from Centella asiatica. So the present study is designed to determine the neurotrophic effect of AA against 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride/probenecid (MPTP/p) neurotoxicity in mice model of PD. AA treatment for 5 weeks significantly attenuated MPTP/p induced motor abnormalities, dopamine depletion and diminished expressions NTFs and tyrosine kinase receptors (TrKB). We further, revealed that AA treatment significantly inhibited the MPTP/p-induced phosphorylation of MAPK/P38 related proteins such as JNK and ERK. Moreover, AA treatment increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, GSK-3ß and mTOR, suggesting that AA activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which might be the cause of neuroprotection offered by AA. The present findings provided more elaborate in vivo evidences to support the neuroprotective effect of AA on dopaminergic neurons of chronic Parkinson's disease mouse model and the potential of AA to be developed as a possible new therapeutic target to treat PD.
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Intoxicación por MPTP/metabolismo , Intoxicación por MPTP/prevención & control , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/uso terapéutico , Probenecid/toxicidad , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Animales , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Intoxicación por MPTP/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Proteína Oncogénica v-akt/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Oncogénica v-akt/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/antagonistas & inhibidores , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Malignant brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the CNS (CNS-PNETs) are particularly aggressive embryonal tumors of unknown cellular origin. Recent genomic studies have classified CNS-PNETs into molecularly distinct subgroups that promise to improve diagnosis and treatment; however, the lack of cell- or animal-based models for these subgroups prevents testing of rationally designed therapies. Here, we show that a subset of CNS-PNETs co-express oligoneural precursor cell (OPC) markers OLIG2 and SOX10 with coincident activation of the RAS/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Modeling NRAS activation in embryonic OPCs generated malignant brain tumors in zebrafish that closely mimic the human oligoneural/NB-FOXR2 CNS-PNET subgroup by histology and comparative oncogenomics. The zebrafish CNS-PNET model was used to show that MEK inhibitors selectively eliminate Olig2+/Sox10+ CNS-PNET tumors in vivo without impacting normal brain development. Thus, MEK inhibitors represent a promising rationally designed therapy for children afflicted with oligoneural/NB-FOXR2 CNS-PNETs.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/patología , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/patología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Células Madre/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Genoma , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/genética , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/genética , Oncogenes , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Cancer treatment has been revolutionized by the advent of new molecular targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Identification of the role of tumor angiogenesis changed the understanding of many tumors. After the unsuccessful results with chemotherapy, sorafenib, by interfering with angiogenic pathways, has become pivotal in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib is the only systemic treatment to show a modest but statistically significant survival benefit. All novel drugs and strategies for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma must be compared with the results obtained with sorafenib, but no new drug or drug combination has yet achieved better results. In our opinion, the efforts to impact the natural history of the disease will be directed not only to drug development but also to understanding the underlying liver disease (usually hepatitis B virus- or hepatitis C virus-related) and to interrupting the progression of cirrhosis. It will be important to define the role and amount of mutations in the complex pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and to better integrate locoregional and systemic therapies. It will be important also to optimize the therapeutic strategies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs and new targeted agents.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Niacinamida/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sorafenib , Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),which is inflammatory disorder of the lung, which is caused by pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, trauma and sepsis, results in widespread lung inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Its pathogenesis is complicated and the mortality is high. Thus, there is a tremendous need for new therapies. We have reported that HJB-1, a 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B derivative, exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In this study, we investigated its impacts on LPS-induced ARDS mice. We found that HJB-1 significantly alleviated LPS-induced pulmonary histological alterations, inflammatory cells infiltration, lung edema, as well as the generation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 in BALF. In addition, HJB-1 markedly suppressed LPS-induced IκB-α degradation, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65 subunit and MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggested that HJB-1 improved LPS-induced ARDS by suppressing LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Diterpenos/farmacología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Edema Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasa I-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-1beta/biosíntesis , Interleucina-1beta/inmunología , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Ratones , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Edema Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Edema Pulmonar/metabolismo , Edema Pulmonar/patología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/inducido químicamente , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/metabolismo , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Somatic activating mutations in the B-Raf kinase (BRAF mutations) are present in hairy-cell leukemia, cutaneous melanoma, thyroid carcinomas and, less commonly, in ovarian, colon, lung, and other malignancies. These mutations-in particular the most common substitution, V600E-are oncogenic drivers and important therapeutic targets. The development of small-molecule Raf inhibitors allowed rapid translation of basic advances to the clinic. In BRAF-mutant melanomas, orally bioavailable B-Raf inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, achieve dramatic responses initially, but this is followed by rapid emergence of resistance driven by numerous mechanisms and requiring second-generation treatment approaches. In tumors with wild-type B-Raf, vemurafenib paradoxically activates downstream signaling and cell proliferation and is thus contraindicated, highlighting again the importance of genotype-based clinical decision making. These advances were greatly facilitated by the study of biopsied tumor tissue, especially at the time of drug resistance. Combinatorial approaches targeting the Raf pathway hold promise for even more substantial clinical benefits in the future.