Naringenin improves ovarian health by reducing the serum androgen and eliminating follicular cysts in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in the Sprague Dawley rats.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most common in women of reproductive age, giving rise to androgen excess and anovulation, leading to infertility and non-reproductive complications. We explored the ameliorating effect of naringenin in PCOS using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and human granulosa cells. Letrozole-induced PCOS rats were given either naringenin (50 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with metformin (300 mg/kg/day), followed by the estrous cycle, hormonal analysis, and glucose sensitivity test. To evaluate the effect of naringenin on granulosa cell (hGC) steroidogenesis, we treated cells with naringenin (2.5 µM) alone or in combination with metformin (1 mM) in the presence of forskolin (10 µM). To determine the steroidogenesis of CYP-17A1, -19A1, and 3ßHSD2, the protein expression levels were examined. Treatment with naringenin in the PCOS animal groups increased ovulation potential and decreased cystic follicles and levels of androgens. The expression levels of CYP-17A1, -19A1, and 3ßHSD2, were seen restored in the ovary of PCOS SD rats' model and in the human ovarian cells in response to the naringenin. We found an increased expression level of phosphorylated-AKT in the ovary and hGCs by naringenin. Naringenin improves ovulation and suppress androgens and cystic follicles, involving AKT activation.

Histologic and cytologic detection of endocrine and reproductive tract effects of exemestane in female rats treated for up to twenty-eight days.

The objective of this study was to determine the shortest period of time necessary to detect histologic evidence of estrous cycle disruption in Sprague-Dawley rats treated for up to 28 days with the aromatase inhibitor exemestane at 1,000 mg/kg. Rats were evaluated on day 5, 8, 15, or 29. Vaginal mucification, uterine and cervical epithelial atrophy, uterine luminal epithelial vacuolation, decreased uterine granulocytes, and hypertrophy/hyperplasia of mammary ducts and alveoli were noted by day 5 and persisted throughout the study. From day 8 to day 29, absence of recent basophilic corpora lutea, increased atresia of antral follicles, interstitial cell hyperplasia, and increased luteinized follicles were present in the ovaries of treated rats. Vaginal smears detected persistent diestrus, confirming estrous cycle disruption between days 5 and 8. Ovary and uterine weights were largely unaffected. Serum hormone levels were not useful due to the study design employed. Other effects of exemestane included decreased adrenal weights and decreased cell size in both the adrenal zona fasciculata and the pituitary pars distalis. While early histologic changes were evident on day 5, only after 8 days of treatment were findings considered sufficient to clearly identify exemestane-induced estrous cycle disruption using microscopy alone.

Bovine ovarian follicular cysts: in vitro effects of lecirelin, a GnRH analogue.

This study investigates the mechanisms of action by which a GnRH analogue may modulate the contractility of the bovine ovarian follicular wall. The in vitro evaluation of the spontaneous basal contractility of bovine preovulatory and cystic follicles was performed, followed by testing the effects of lecirelin, a GnRH analogue, on their basal contractility. Strips of tissue in isolated organ bath were employed. In addition, to better investigate the mechanism of action of lecirelin, the study of the effects of cumulative doses of nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker), phentolamine (an α-adrenoceptor antagonist) and reserpine (an inhibitor of the vesicular up-take of catecholamines) alone and, at the highest doses employed, associated to lecirelin, was set up. The results demonstrate that in basal conditions and after the addition of lecirelin, the strips from preovulatory follicles contract significantly more than strips from cysts. Furthermore, among the patterns of contractility evoked by the three drugs employed, the one induced by nifedipine was the only one unaffected by the addition of lecirelin. The data obtained provide the hypothesis that one of the main mechanisms of action of GnRH, could involve calcium channels.

Transmigrated mandibular permanent canine: a case report.

A case of transmigration of mandibular canine is presented. The importance of anesthetizing the transmigrated tooth from the side of origin is highlighted.

Secretory patterns of LH and FSH during development and hypothalamic and hypophysial characteristics following development of steroid-induced ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle.

Two experiments were conducted to (1) investigate developmental endocrinology of ovarian follicular cysts (cysts) in cattle and (2) evaluate effects of cysts on hypothalamic and hypophysial characteristics. Cysts were induced with oestradiol-17 beta (15 mg) and progesterone (37.5 mg) dissolved in alcohol and injected s.c. twice daily for 7 days. Cysts were defined as the presence of follicular structures (which may or may not have been the same structure) of 2.0 cm in diameter or greater that were present for 10 days without ovulation and corpus luteum development. In Exp. 1,22 non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows were allocated to 3 groups. Beginning on Day 5 (oestrus = Day 0) of the oestrous cycle, 7 cows (Controls) were treated with twice daily s.c. injections of ethanol (2 ml/injection) for 7 days. Luteolysis was then induced with PGF-2 alpha and blood samples were collected daily every 15 min for 6 h from the morning after the PGF-2 alpha injection (Day 13) until oestrus. Steroids to induce cysts were injected as previously described into the remaining cows (N = 15). Three blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals every 12 h throughout the experimental period. Additional blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h on a twice weekly basis. After steroid injections, follicular and luteal structures on ovaries were not detected via rectal palpation for a period of 36 +/- 4 days (static phase). Then follicles developed which ovulated within 3-7 days (non-cystic; N = 7) or increased in size with follicular structures present for 10 days (cystic; N = 8). Mean (+/- s.e.m.) concentrations of LH, FSH, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in serum remained low and were not different during the static phase between cows that subsequently developed cysts or ovulated. During the follicular phase, mean serum concentration of LH (ng/ml) was higher (P less than 0.1) in cows with cysts (2.9 +/- 0.2) than in cows without cysts (1.1 +/- 0.1) or control cows (1.4 +/- 0.2). In addition, LH pulse frequency (pulses/6 h) and amplitude (ng/ml) were higher (P less than 0.1) in cows with cysts (3.6 +/- 0.3 and 2.2 +/- 0.3, respectively) than in non-cystic (2.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.2, respectively) and control (1.8 +/- 0.1 and 1.1 +/- 0.2, respectively) groups during the follicular phase. There were no differences in the FSH, oestradiol-17 beta or progesterone characteristics in cows of any of the 3 groups during the follicular phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

[The experimental use of surfagon, a synthetic analog of luliberin, in follicular ovarian cysts]. / Primenenie surfagona, sinteticheskogo analoga liuliberina, pri follikuliarnykh kistakh iaichnikov v éksperimente.

The use of a synthetic peptide analog of LH-RH agonist--[D-Ala6, des Gly10, Pro9]-LH-RH ethylamide (surfagon) at microdoses and in short courses returned to normal the ovulatory cycle in the anovulatory condition in rats and caused luteinization of follicular cysts in rats and cows with further normalization of ovarian function. It is assumed that surfagon will be effective for the treatment of anovulatory condition and ovarian follicular cysts in women.