Harnessing the electronic health record to advance integrated care.

INTRODUCTION: Integrated health care is utilized in primary care clinics to meet patients' physical, behavioral, and social needs. Current methods to collect and evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care require refinement. Using informatics and electronic health records (EHR) to distill large amounts of clinical data may help researchers measure the impact of integrated care more efficiently. This exploratory pilot study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of using EHR documentation to identify behavioral health and social care components of integrated care, using social work as a use case, and (b) develop a lexicon to inform future research using natural language processing. METHOD: Study steps included development of a preliminary lexicon of behavioral health and social care interventions to address basic needs, creation of an abstraction guide, identification of appropriate EHR notes, manual chart abstraction, revision of the lexicon, and synthesis of findings. RESULTS: Notes (N = 647) were analyzed from a random sample of 60 patients. Notes documented behavioral health and social care components of care but were difficult to identify due to inconsistencies in note location and titling. Although the interventions were not described in detail, the outcomes of screening, referral, and brief treatment were included. The integrated care team frequently used EHR to share information and communicate. DISCUSSION: Opportunities and challenges to using EHR data were identified and need to be addressed to better understand the behavioral health and social care interventions in integrated care. To best leverage EHR data, future research must determine how to document and extract pertinent information about integrated team-based interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

[e-SUS AB use and factors associated with recording primary care procedures and consultations in Brazilian municipalities]. / Utilização do e-SUS AB e fatores associados ao registro de procedimentos e consultas da atenção básica nos municípios brasileiros.

This article sought to evaluate e-SUS AB's impact on procedure and consultation notification in the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIA/SUS) in Brazilian municipalities. This is an ecological study with longitudinal comparisons before, during and after the e-SUS AB implementation period (June 2013 to May 2015) and, during implementation, cross-sectional comparison between municipalities in completed, intermediary and initial implementation stages. Rates were described using means and standard deviations and analyzed through negative binomial regression. Municipalities where e-SUS AB had been implemented in November 2014 were small, with lower Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M), lower per capita income, higher rates of nurses, high Family Health Strategy - (FHS) coverage (> 80%). We did not observe differences in rates of procedures or consultations between municipalities according to implementation stage and there was no increase over time. Municipalities with 100% FHS coverage had higher rates of procedures (rate ratio [RR] = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.29-1.62) and consultations (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15-1.39); municipalities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants had lower rates of procedures (RR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.57-0.81) and consultations (RR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.47-0.63). We found lower procedure rates in all regions when compared with the Northern Region, with the Northeastern RR of 0.34 (95%CI: 0.30-0.40) lower and the Southern Region RR of 0.35 (95%CI: 0.30-0.41) lower than the Northern Region. Further analyses of system use and its implications in teams' work processes should be carried out in order to support managers in using and maintaining the system.

O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto do e-SUS AB na notificação de procedimentos e consultas no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS) dos municípios brasileiros. Estudo ecológico com comparação longitudinal antes, durante e depois do período de implantação do e-SUS AB (junho de 2013 a maio de 2015) e, durante a implantação, comparação seccional entre municípios em fase implantado, intermediário e incipiente. As taxas foram descritas por médias e desvio padrão, e analisadas por regressão binomial negativa. Os municípios com e-SUS AB implantado em novembro 2014 eram de pequeno porte, com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), menor renda per capita, maiores taxas de enfermeiros, alta cobertura de Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF (> 80%). Não foram observadas diferenças nas taxas de procedimentos ou consultas entre municípios de acordo com a fase de implantação e não houve aumento ao longo do tempo. Municípios com cobertura de 100% da ESF apresentam maiores taxas de procedimentos (razão de taxas [RT] = 1,44; IC95%: 1,29-1,62) e de consultas (RT = 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,39); municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes registraram menores taxas de procedimentos (RT = 0,68; IC95%: 0,57-0,81) e de consultas (RT = 0,54; IC95%: 0,47-0,63). Houve menores taxas de procedimentos em todas as regiões quando comparadas com a Região Norte, tendo a Nordeste RT de 0,34 (IC95%: 0,30-0,40) vez menor e a Região Sul, RT de 0,35 (IC95%: 0,30-0,41) menor que a Região Norte. Outras análises quanto ao uso do sistema e suas implicações nos processos de trabalho das equipes devem ser aprofundadas para apoiar os gestores no uso e manutenção do sistema.

El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del e-SUS AB en la notificación de procedimientos y consultas, dentro del Sistema de Información Ambulatoria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIA/SUS) de los municipios brasileños. Se trata de un estudio ecológico con una comparación longitudinal antes, durante y después del período de implantación del e-SUS AB (junio de 2013 a mayo de 2015). Durante la implantación, se realizó una comparación seccional entre municipios en fase implantación, intermedia e incipiente. Las tasas se describieron mediante medias y desvío estándar, analizados gracias una regresión binomial negativa. Los municipios con el e-SUS AB implantado en noviembre 2014 eran de pequeño porte, con menor Índice de Desarollo Humano Municipal (IDH-M), menor renta per capita, mayores tasas de enfermeros, alta cobertura de la Estategia de Salud Familiar - ESF (> 80%). No se observaron diferencias en las tasas de procedimientos o consultas entre municipios, de acuerdo con la fase de implantación, y no hubo aumento a lo largo del tiempo. Municipios con una cobertura del 100% de la ESF presentan mayores tasas de procedimientos (razón de tasas [RT] = 1,44; IC95%: 1,29-1,62) y de consultas (RT = 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,39); los municipios con más de 100 mil habitantes registraron menores tasas de procedimientos (RT = 0,68; IC95%: 0,57-0,81) y de consultas (RT = 0,54; IC95%: 0,47-0,63). Hubo menores tasas de procedimientos en todas las regiones, si se comparan con la Región Norte, teniendo la Región Nordeste RT de 0,34 (IC95%: 0,30-0,40) menor y la Región Sur RT de 0,35 (IC95%: 0,30-0,41) menor que la Región Norte. Se deben profundizar con otros análisis, en cuanto al uso del sistema y sus implicaciones en los procesos de trabajo de los equipos, para apoyar a los gestores en el uso y mantenimiento del sistema.

Utilização do e-SUS AB e fatores associados ao registro de procedimentos e consultas da atenção básica nos municípios brasileiros / e-SUS AB use and factors associated with recording primary care procedures and consultations in Brazilian municipalities / Utilización del e-SUS AB y factores asociados con el registro de procedimientos y consultas de la atención básica en municipios brasileños

O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto do e-SUS AB na notificação de procedimentos e consultas no Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA/SUS) dos municípios brasileiros. Estudo ecológico com comparação longitudinal antes, durante e depois do período de implantação do e-SUS AB (junho de 2013 a maio de 2015) e, durante a implantação, comparação seccional entre municípios em fase implantado, intermediário e incipiente. As taxas foram descritas por médias e desvio padrão, e analisadas por regressão binomial negativa. Os municípios com e-SUS AB implantado em novembro 2014 eram de pequeno porte, com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), menor renda per capita, maiores taxas de enfermeiros, alta cobertura de Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF (> 80%). Não foram observadas diferenças nas taxas de procedimentos ou consultas entre municípios de acordo com a fase de implantação e não houve aumento ao longo do tempo. Municípios com cobertura de 100% da ESF apresentam maiores taxas de procedimentos (razão de taxas [RT] = 1,44; IC95%: 1,29-1,62) e de consultas (RT = 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,39); municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes registraram menores taxas de procedimentos (RT = 0,68; IC95%: 0,57-0,81) e de consultas (RT = 0,54; IC95%: 0,47-0,63). Houve menores taxas de procedimentos em todas as regiões quando comparadas com a Região Norte, tendo a Nordeste RT de 0,34 (IC95%: 0,30-0,40) vez menor e a Região Sul, RT de 0,35 (IC95%: 0,30-0,41) menor que a Região Norte. Outras análises quanto ao uso do sistema e suas implicações nos processos de trabalho das equipes devem ser aprofundadas para apoiar os gestores no uso e manutenção do sistema.

This article sought to evaluate e-SUS AB's impact on procedure and consultation notification in the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIA/SUS) in Brazilian municipalities. This is an ecological study with longitudinal comparisons before, during and after the e-SUS AB implementation period (June 2013 to May 2015) and, during implementation, cross-sectional comparison between municipalities in completed, intermediary and initial implementation stages. Rates were described using means and standard deviations and analyzed through negative binomial regression. Municipalities where e-SUS AB had been implemented in November 2014 were small, with lower Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M), lower per capita income, higher rates of nurses, high Family Health Strategy - (FHS) coverage (> 80%). We did not observe differences in rates of procedures or consultations between municipalities according to implementation stage and there was no increase over time. Municipalities with 100% FHS coverage had higher rates of procedures (rate ratio [RR] = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.29-1.62) and consultations (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15-1.39); municipalities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants had lower rates of procedures (RR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.57-0.81) and consultations (RR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.47-0.63). We found lower procedure rates in all regions when compared with the Northern Region, with the Northeastern RR of 0.34 (95%CI: 0.30-0.40) lower and the Southern Region RR of 0.35 (95%CI: 0.30-0.41) lower than the Northern Region. Further analyses of system use and its implications in teams' work processes should be carried out in order to support managers in using and maintaining the system.

El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del e-SUS AB en la notificación de procedimientos y consultas, dentro del Sistema de Información Ambulatoria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIA/SUS) de los municipios brasileños. Se trata de un estudio ecológico con una comparación longitudinal antes, durante y después del período de implantación del e-SUS AB (junio de 2013 a mayo de 2015). Durante la implantación, se realizó una comparación seccional entre municipios en fase implantación, intermedia e incipiente. Las tasas se describieron mediante medias y desvío estándar, analizados gracias una regresión binomial negativa. Los municipios con el e-SUS AB implantado en noviembre 2014 eran de pequeño porte, con menor Índice de Desarollo Humano Municipal (IDH-M), menor renta per capita, mayores tasas de enfermeros, alta cobertura de la Estategia de Salud Familiar - ESF (> 80%). No se observaron diferencias en las tasas de procedimientos o consultas entre municipios, de acuerdo con la fase de implantación, y no hubo aumento a lo largo del tiempo. Municipios con una cobertura del 100% de la ESF presentan mayores tasas de procedimientos (razón de tasas [RT] = 1,44; IC95%: 1,29-1,62) y de consultas (RT = 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,39); los municipios con más de 100 mil habitantes registraron menores tasas de procedimientos (RT = 0,68; IC95%: 0,57-0,81) y de consultas (RT = 0,54; IC95%: 0,47-0,63). Hubo menores tasas de procedimientos en todas las regiones, si se comparan con la Región Norte, teniendo la Región Nordeste RT de 0,34 (IC95%: 0,30-0,40) menor y la Región Sur RT de 0,35 (IC95%: 0,30-0,41) menor que la Región Norte. Se deben profundizar con otros análisis, en cuanto al uso del sistema y sus implicaciones en los procesos de trabajo de los equipos, para apoyar a los gestores en el uso y mantenimiento del sistema.

Boundaries and e-health implementation in health and social care.

BACKGROUND: The major problem facing health and social care systems globally today is the growing challenge of an elderly population with complex health and social care needs. A longstanding challenge to the provision of high quality, effectively coordinated care for those with complex needs has been the historical separation of health and social care. Access to timely and accurate data about patients and their treatments has the potential to deliver better care at less cost. METHODS: To explore the way in which structural, professional and geographical boundaries have affected e-health implementation in health and social care, through an empirical study of the implementation of an electronic version of Single Shared Assessment (SSA) in Scotland, using three retrospective, qualitative case studies in three different health board locations. RESULTS: Progress in effectively sharing electronic data had been slow and uneven. One cause was the presence of established structural boundaries, which lead to competing priorities, incompatible IT systems and infrastructure, and poor cooperation. A second cause was the presence of established professional boundaries, which affect staffs' understanding and acceptance of data sharing and their information requirements. Geographical boundaries featured but less prominently and contrasting perspectives were found with regard to issues such as co-location of health and social care professionals. CONCLUSIONS: To provide holistic care to those with complex health and social care needs, it is essential that we develop integrated approaches to care delivery. Successful integration needs practices such as good project management and governance, ensuring system interoperability, leadership, good training and support, together with clear efforts to improve working relations across professional boundaries and communication of a clear project vision. This study shows that while technological developments make integration possible, long-standing boundaries constitute substantial risks to IT implementations across the health and social care interface which those initiating major changes would do well to consider before committing to the investment.