"Un barril sin fondo" / "A bottomless barrel" / "Un tonneau sans fond" / "Um barril sem fundo

Belcebú es la historia de un niño con las marcas de la violencia que se perpetúa transgeneracionalmente. Su nombre remite a marcas identitarias confusas y ambivalentes. Ser demonio o exorcista. Ser exceso o restricción. Ser de la abuela o de mamá. Ser un niño o (no ser) un robot. Ser un peso o un sostén. Es también la historia del juego elaborativo en pandemia y con modalidad virtual. Y,por último,es la historia del alcance del analista frente a un contexto de mucha vulnerabilidad AU

Belcebu is the story of a boy with the singsof violence that are perpetuated transgenerationally. His name refers to confusing and ambivalent identity marks. To be a demon or an exorcist. To be excess or restraint. To be from grandma or from mom. To be a child or (not to be) a robot. To be a burden or a support.It is also the story of elaborative play during a pandemic and with virtual modality.And finally, it is the story of the analyst's reach in the face of a context of great vulnerability AU

Belzébuth est l'histoire d'un enfant marqué par la violence qui se perpétue de manière transgénération nelle. Son nom fait référence à des marques d'identitéconfuses et ambivalentes. Être un démon ou un exorciste. Être un excès ou une restriction. Être de grand-mère ou de maman. Être un enfant ou (ne pas être) un robot. Être un poids ou un support.C'est aussi l'histoire du jeu élaboratif dans une pandémie et avec une modalité virtuelle.Et enfin, c'est l'histoire de la portée de l'analyste dans un contexte de grande vulnérabilité AU

Belzebu é ahistória de uma criança com as marcas da violência que se perpetua transgeracionalmente. Seu nome remete a marcas identitárias confusas e ambivalentes. Ser um demônio ou exorcista. Ser excesso ou restrição. Seja da avó ou da mãe. Ser criança ou (não ser) robô. Sendo um peso ou um suporte.É também a história do jogo elaborativo em plena pandemia e com modalidade virtual.E, finalmente, é a história do alcance do analista em um contexto de grande vulnerabilidade AU

Comentario acerca del caso Belcebú / Commentary on the Beelzebub case / Commentaire sur le cas clinique de Belzébuth / Comentário sobre o caso Belzebu

A partir de la presentación del caso clínico de un niño de 10 años llamado Belcebú, atendido durante la pandemia de forma virtual a lo largo de un año y cuatro meses, se realiza un comentario teórico-clínico puntualizando los aspectos vinculados a:los enunciados identificatorios; el niño en la estructura familiar y, como aspecto más relevante, el lugar del juego producido en las sesiones, el que sostenido por la mirada posibilitadora de la analista, le permitió alniño elaborar y rescribir marcas identitarias,en pos de una subjetivación menos tanática AU

Based on the presentation of the clinical case of a 10-year-old boy named Belcebú, treated virtually during the pandemic for a yearand four months, a theoretical-clinical comment is made, pointing out the aspects related to: the identifying statements; the child in the family structure and, as a most relevant aspect, the place of the play produced in the sessions, which, supported by the analyst's enabling gaze, allowed the child to elaborate and rewrite identity marks, in pursuit of a less thanatic subjectivation AU

Sur la base de la présentation du cas clinique d'un garçon de 10 ans nommé Belcebú, traité virtuellement pendant la pandémie durant un an et quatre mois, un commentaire théorico-clinique est fait, soulignant les aspects liés:aux énoncés identifiants; l'enfant dans la structure familiale et, comme aspect le plus pertinent, la place du jeu produit dans les séances, qui, soutenu par le regard habilitant de l'analyste, a permis à l'enfant d'élaborer et de réécrire des marques identitaires, à la poursuite d'une subjectivation moins thanatique AU

A partir da apresentação do caso clínico de um menino de 10 anos chamado Belcebú, tratado virtualmente durante a pandemia por um ano e quatro meses, é feito um comentário teórico-clínico, apontando os aspectos relacionados: a os depoimentos identificadores; a criança na estrutura familiar e, como aspecto mais relevante, o lugar da brincadeira produzida nas sessões, que, amparada pelo olhar capacitador do analista, permitiu à criança elaborar e reescrever marcas identitárias, em busca de uma subjetivação menos tanática AU

"uma casa e uma sanfona para sonhar": grupo multifamiliar musicoterapêutico na comunidade / "una casa y un acordeón para soñar": grupo de musicoterapia multifamiliar en la comunidad / "a house and an accordion to dream": multifamily music therapy group in a community

RESUMO. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o uso do Grupo Multifamiliar Musicoterapêutico (GMM) junto a famílias socialmente vulneráveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada em uma região administrativa do Distrito Federal. Participaram do estudo 30 famílias inscritas no Cadastro Único do governo federal e atendidas no Centro de Referência em Assistência Social. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram as visitas domiciliares, as entrevistas semiestruturadas e os registros dos encontros e das supervisões. O GMM foi realizado em seis encontros, com duração de 03 horas cada, com periodicidade quinzenal, intercalados com as supervisões da equipe, formada por 15 profissionais das áreas de psicologia, pedagogia, assistência social e musicoterapia. Após a análise foram identificados dois temas: 1) música, afetos e reminiscências; 2) música e sonhos. Percebeu-se que as experiências musicais auxiliaram as famílias na conscientização das formas violentas de comunicação e na transformação por meio de expressões afetuosas mediadas pela música e seu potencial de evocar memórias e sonhos. A capacidade imaginativa das famílias foi uma estratégia de enfrentamento às adversidades e se constituiu como ponte entre o real e o imaginário, nutrindo a esperança de uma vida melhor. Destaca-se o valor da música que, com rapidez e emocionalidade, acessa e comunica com o tal público, por favorecer intervenções musicoterapêuticas comunitárias.

RESUMEN. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el uso del Grupo Musicoterapéutico Multifamiliar (GMM) con familias socialmente vulnerables. Se trata de una intervención-investigación realizada en una Región Administrativa del Distrito Federal. Participaron del estudio 30 familias que se encuentran inscritas en el Registro Único del Gobierno Federal y que son atendidas en el Centro de Referencia de Asistencia Social. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron: visitas domiciliarias, entrevistas semiestructuradas y registros de reuniones y supervisiones. El GMM fue realizado en seis encuentros, con una duración de tres horas cada uno. Los encuentros se realizaron cada dos semanas, intercalados con la supervisión del equipo, formado por 15 profesionales en las áreas de psicología, pedagogía, asistencia social y musicoterapia. Después del análisis temático, se identificaron dos temas: 1) música, afectos y reminiscencias; 2) y música y sueños. Se observó que las experiencias musicales ayudaron a las familias en la concientización de las formas violentas de comunicación y en la transformación por medio de expresiones afectuosas mediadas por la música y su potencial para evocar recuerdos y sueños. La capacidad imaginativa de las familias fue una estrategia para enfrentar las adversidades y se constituye como un puente entre lo real y lo imaginario, alimentando la esperanza de una vida mejor. Se destaca el valor de la música que, con rapidez y emotividad, accede en y se comunica con esa población, favoreciendo las intervenciones de musicoterapia comunitaria.

ABSTRACT: This research aims to investigate the use of Multi-family Music Therapy Group (MMG) with socially vulnerable families. This is an intervention research carried out in an Administrative Region in the Federal District of Brazil. The study included 30 families enrolled in the Federal Government's Single Registry and assisted at the Social Assistance Reference Center. The data collection instruments were: home visits, semi-structured interviews, and records of meetings and supervisions. The MMG was carried out in six meetings, lasting three hours each, every two weeks, interspersed with the supervision of the team, which was formed by 15 professionals from the fields of psychology, pedagogy, social assistance, and music therapy. After the thematic analysis, two themes were identified: 1) music, affections, and reminiscences; and 2) music and dreams. It was noticed that the musical experiences helped the families in the awareness of violent forms of communication and in the transformation through expressions of affection mediated by music and its potential to evoke memories and dreams. The families imaginative capacity was a strategy to face adversities and constitutes a bridge between the real and the imaginary, nurturing the hope of a better life. The value of music is highlighted, which quickly and emotionally accesses and communicates with that audience, favoring community music therapy interventions.

Exposure to Family Member Incarceration and Adult Well-being in the United States.

Importance: More than half of the adult population in the United States has ever had a family member incarcerated, an experience more common among Black individuals. The impacts of family incarceration on well-being are not fully understood. Objective: To assess the associations of incarceration of a family member with perceived well-being and differences in projected life expectancy. Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationally representative cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Family History of Incarceration Survey to examine how experiences of family member incarceration were associated with a holistic measure of well-being, including physical, mental, social, financial, and spiritual domains. Well-being was used to estimate change in life expectancy and was compared across varying levels of exposure to immediate and extended family member incarceration using logistic regression models to adjust for individual and household characteristics. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to April 2020. Exposures: Respondents' history of family member incarceration, including immediate and extended family members. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was self-reported life-evaluation, a measure of overall well-being from the 100 Million Healthier Lives Adult Well-being Assessment. Respondents were considered thriving with a current life satisfaction score of 7 or greater and a future life optimism score of 8 or greater, each on a scale of 0 to 10. Other outcomes included physical health, mental health, social support, financial well-being, and spiritual well-being, each measured with separate scales. Additionally, life expectancy projections were estimated using population-level correlations with the Life Evaluation Index. All percentages were weighted to more closely represent the US population. Results: Of 2815 individuals included in analysis, 1472 (51.7%) were women, 1765 (62.8%) were non-Hispanic White, and 868 (31.5%) were aged 35 to 54 years. A total of 1806 respondents (45.0%) reported having an immediate family member who was incarcerated. Compared with respondents with no family incarceration, any family member incarceration was associated with lower well-being overall (thriving: 69.5% [95% CI, 65.0%-75.0%] vs 56.9% [95% CI, 53.9%-59.9%]) and in every individual domain (eg, physical thriving: 51.1% [95% CI, 46.2-56.0] vs 35.5% [95% CI, 32.6%-38.3%]) and with a mean (SE) estimated 2.6 (0.03) years shorter life expectancy. Among those with any family incarceration, Black respondents had a mean (SE) estimated 0.46 (0.04) fewer years of life expectancy compared with White respondents. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that family member health and well-being may be an important avenue through which incarceration is associated with racial disparities in health and mortality. Decarceration efforts may improve population-level well-being and life expectancy by minimizing detrimental outcomes associated with incarceration among nonincarcerated family members.

Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children-A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus.

INTRODUCTION: Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children' wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine. This study aims to reach expert consensus on a definition of optimal bedtime routines and to propose a measurement for bedtime routines. METHOD: Four-step DELPHI process completed between February and March 2020 with 59 experts from different scientific, health and social care backgrounds. The DELPHI process started with an expert discussion group and then continued with 3 formal DELPHI rounds during which different elements of the definition and measurement of bedtime routines were iteratively refined. The proposed measurement of bedtime routines was then validated against existing data following the end of the DELPHI process. RESULTS: At the end of the four round DELPHI process and with a consistent 70% agreement level, a holistic definition of bedtime routines for families with young children between the ages of 2 and 8 years was achieved. Additionally, two approaches for measuring bedtime routines, one static (one-off) and one dynamic (over a 7-night period) are proposed following the end of the DELPHI process. A Bland-Altman difference plot was also calculated and visually examined showing agreement between the measurements that could allow them to be used interchangeably. DISCUSSION: Both the definition and the proposed measurements of bedtime routines are an important, initial step towards capturing a behavioural determinant of important health and developmental outcomes in children.

Ericksonian Family Constellation Work with Metaphoric Objects: Discussion and Illustration.

This article describes Ericksonian family constellation work with metaphoric objects. This method is based on using metaphorical objects that can represent relevant characteristics of a person, history of a situation, and/or solutions to problems. This method can be utilized in an individual or group format. The development of this method was influenced by methods developed by Bert Hellinger, Milton H. Erickson, and the contributions of Teresa Robles. Ericksonian family constellation work with metaphoric objects is discussed and illustrated from a workshop presentation at the conference, Hypnosis: New Generation (HNG).

Patient-reported flare frequency is associated with diminished quality of life and family role functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PURPOSE: To understand the influence of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related flares on patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: An online survey included individuals with self-reported physician's diagnosis of SLE or lupus nephritis (LN). Lupus impact tracker (LIT) assessed lupus symptoms and HRQoL, SLE-Family questionnaire measured family role functioning, and Healthy Days Core Module (HDCM) measured overall mental and physical health. Chi-square and analysis of variance evaluated differences by flare frequency. Multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models evaluated the independent relationships of flare frequency to HRQoL. RESULTS: 1066 respondents with SLE or LN completed the survey. Mean (SD) duration of illness was 12.4 (10.1) years. 93.4% (n = 996) were women, 82.3% (n = 830) were White, and 49.7% (n = 530) were employed or students. More frequent flares were associated with significantly worse scores on all HRQoL measures: LIT (adjusted means: 0 flares, 31.8; 1-3 flares, 47.0; 4-6 flares, 56.1; ≥ 7 flares, 63.6; P < 0.001); SLE-Family (adjusted means: 0 flares, 3.1; 1-3 flares 3.8; 4-6 flares, 4.3; ≥ 7 flares, 4.6, P < 0.001); HDCM unhealthy days (0 flares, 8.7; 1-3 flares, 17.4; 4-6 flares, 21.5; ≥ 7 flares, 26.2 days, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lupus flares contributed to impaired functional and psychological well-being, family functioning, and number of monthly healthy days. Better understanding of the burden of flare activity from the patient's perspective will support a holistic approach to lupus management.

Knowledge, attitude and traditional practices towards epilepsy among relatives of PWE (patients with epilepsy) in Marrakesh, Morocco.

Epilepsy remains one of the most common neurological diseases in the world but seems to be widely misunderstood, especially in low-income countries. Patients with epilepsy (PWE) can face considerable stigma in society, and there have been various studies that evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the population towards epilepsy. However, there was no study of this kind in Morocco. PURPOSE: Our aim was thus to assess knowledge, attitudes, and traditional practices specifically among relatives and caregivers of PWE in our community, in order to better evaluate their educational needs. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out over a year long period in the outpatient neurology clinic of the Mohammed 6 University Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Marrakesh, Morocco. The respondents were relatives of PWE (usually parents and siblings) or spouses who attended the outpatient clinic alongside them. The interviews were carried out by the same investigator at the outpatient clinic during patient's visits, face-to-face using Moroccan Arabic or Darija, with an 18-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Responses of 100 participants were analyzed. The mean age was 40 years old and 5 months. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were women, 50% of rural origin and 76 % lived in an urban area. Forty-one percent were illiterate, and 74% were of low income. Only 65% of the participants knew the Arabic term for epilepsy. For 48%, epilepsy was linked with witchcraft or demonic possession. Seventy-five percent of the respondents had at least one prior consultation to a traditional healer. Only 5% in our study knew the first-aid basics to apply in case of a seizure. CONCLUSION: Despite having a relative with epilepsy, our participants' knowledge was very poor. The level of education and income seem to be the two major contributing factors. Cultural beliefs and superstition are very pervasive, and the majority of our sample had already used traditional healing and alternative medicine. Our study highlights the need for a more global intervention in Morocco encompassing healthcare policies, awareness campaigns, and educational reforms.

Path Analysis Testing the Development of Personality and Psychological Well-being Model.

The purpose of this study was to test the development of personality and psychological well-being model. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive design. The 448 participants were recruited from older adults living in a Midwest community in the United States. After Institution of Research Board approval, the trained researchers explained this study to older adults who lived in the community. After agreeing to participate, they signed an informed consent form. The structured questionnaires were used to perform data collection. Path analysis was used to examine this model. SPSS 23 version was employed to examine the instruments' reliabilities and descriptive data. In this model, family interaction and spiritual well-being had significant influences on personality, which had a significant influence on selecting coping strategies. Using different coping strategies influenced on the outcome variables (e.g., psychological well-being and suicidal ideation). The family interaction and spiritual well-being played a critical role on the outcome variables.

The effectiveness of trauma-informed wilderness therapy with adolescents: A pilot study.

Objective: Wilderness therapy (WT) is a complementary/integrative approach for treating struggling adolescents by using outdoor adventure activities to foster personal and interpersonal growth/well-being. Empirical support for the effectiveness of traditional WT is growing, but evidence supporting trauma-informed WT (TIWT) is lacking. This pilot study addresses that gap. Method: Between 2009 and 2019, 816 adolescents (Ages 13-17, Mage = 15.36, SD = 1.25; 41.1% female) completed the Youth-Outcome Questionnaire-SR 2.0 at intake and discharge (M = 75.02 days, SD = 28.77). Three-hundred seventy-eight adolescents also completed the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF), and 253 adolescents completed two, 2.5-min segments of heart-rate-variability biofeedback (one while resting and one while using a coping skill). One-hundred eighty-nine caregivers completed the Youth-Outcome Questionnaire 2.01, and 181 caregivers completed the FAD-GF. Between 25 and 99 adolescents and caregivers also completed psychological and family measures at 6 months and 1 year postdischarge. Results: Adolescents reported experiencing improvements in psychological and family functioning. They also exhibited improvement in psychophysiological functioning (heart-rhythm coherence). Caregivers reported improvements in family functioning and their child's psychological functioning. Caregivers observed more persisting benefits in their child's psychological functioning, whereas adolescents reported more persisting benefits in family functioning. Changes in psychological and family functioning were related. There were very few differential effects on the basis of demographic factors, trauma exposure, or past and current treatment factors. Conclusion: Results of this pilot study suggest TIWT is a promising complementary/integrative intervention for improving the psychological, family, and psychophysiological functioning of struggling adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Profiles of moral distress and associated outcomes among student veterans.

OBJECTIVE: Military veterans who interpret their own or others' actions as moral transgressions are theorized to experience moral distress. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of moral distress and associated psychological, social, and religious or spiritual problems among student veterans. METHOD: Student veterans (N = 498) retrospectively reported experiences of moral distress associated with deployment-related events in which they felt (a) troubled by what they witnessed, (b) troubled by what they did, (c) troubled by what they failed to do, (d) betrayed by military leaders, or (e) betrayed by fellow service members. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis revealed 5 response patterns: No Moral Distress (42%), Witnessing-Only (16%), Moral Distress-Other (19%; encompassing distress mostly from being betrayed by others), Moral Distress-Self (8%; encompassing distress mostly from one's own actions or inactions), and Moral Distress-Self and Other (15%). We compared scores on measures of posttraumatic stress, familial or social functioning, and religious or spiritual struggles between profiles and observed moderate to large differences. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas participants reported some problems (e.g., interpersonal conflict) regardless of whether they were exposed to a morally injurious event by witnessing, perpetrating, or being betrayed, in comparison to those reporting no moral distress, those who felt responsible for the event reported greater guilt and lack of purpose and those who held others responsible for the event reported greater posttraumatic stress. Participants who endorsed feeling betrayed by others' and troubled by their own actions reported multiple problems including posttraumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties, and religious or spiritual struggles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Walking with the illness and life: Experience of the community life of people previously under the services of an integrated community mental health service.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: There have been some studies on the experience and community life of mental health clients receiving integrated community mental health service (ICMHS). Evaluation of ICMHS suggests that the service could have positive clinical and social outcomes, but the results are inconclusive. WHAT DOES THE PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Research studies have focused on clients and/or staff of the ICMHS, while in this study, the experiences and perspectives of family members are also explored. More comprehensive knowledge about the work for, and community life of, people previously under the services of ICMHS is added to the existing knowledge. This study found that with "timely support" and "family presence," people who had received the services of ICMHS continued to engage in more social activities ("expanding social networks"), had "better family relationships," were "letting go" of thinking too much and more able to relax, and had "better self-efficacy and self-caring" in the community. Professional contact after ICMHS through continuous conversations (e.g. home visits and follow-up calls) and social activities are essential for both clients and their families to carry on living with the illness. Timely support, family presence, support to family members in the community and better social networks are key experiences of ICMHS clients. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Although the ICMHS' resources are limited, better promotion is urgently needed for the public to realize the services and to support mental health clients. Mental health professionals may develop practice models through exploratory and confirmatory factors analyses of the themes identified from this study as the outcome measures. The cost-effectiveness of services and relapse rates over time should also be evaluated for future practice development. Further studies for practice on the difference that family support can make to the community life of former ICMHS clients are warranted. This may be achieved through research designs that compare people with, and without, family members. ABSTRACT: Introduction More comprehensive understanding, from the experiences and multiple perspectives of the clients, families and staff, about the community life of former clients of the integrated community mental health service (ICMHS) is scarce. Aim To explore the community life experiences of people after their discharge from the ICMHS. Method A qualitative approach with an interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized for this study. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews of 37 participants, including people discharged from an Integrated Community Centre of Mental Wellness, their family members and staff members. Results Six themes emerged from the analysis: "timely support," "family presence," "better family relationships," "expanding social networks," "letting go" and "better self-efficacy and self-care," under the main theme of "walking with the illness and life." Discussion Over and after the ICHMS, with timely support and family presence, there was a positive trend in the experiences of clients in expanding social networks, having better family relationships, letting go of thinking too much and being more able to relax, and improving self-efficacy and self-caring. Implications for practice The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the experiences of clients, family and staff about the community life of people post-ICMHS, providing insights and clearer directions for research and practice development.

Baseline resilience and depression symptoms predict trajectory of depression in dyads of patients and their informal caregivers following discharge from the Neuro-ICU.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of resiliency factors on the longitudinal trajectory of depressive symptoms in patients admitted to the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit (Neuro-ICU) and their family caregivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients (N = 102) and family caregivers (N = 103) completed self-report assessments of depressive symptoms (depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D) and resiliency factors (i.e., mindfulness and coping) during Neuro-ICU hospitalization. The HADS-D was administered again at 3 and 6 months after discharge. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to assess patient-caregiver interdependence. RESULTS: Baseline rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms were high among patients (23%) and caregivers (19%), and remained elevated through 6-months. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of symptoms at the subsequent timepoint (ps < 0.05). Higher baseline mindfulness and coping were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms at all timepoints (ps < 0.001). APIM analysis showed that one's own higher baseline mindfulness was associated with concurrent levels of depressive symptoms in a partner (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms in Neuro-ICU patient-caregiver dyads are high through 6 months. Mindfulness is protective against depressive symptoms and interdependent between patients and caregivers. Early, dyadic, mindfulness-based interventions may prevent the development of chronic depression in both patients and caregivers.

Scene-Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy With Troubled Adolescents and Parents: A Pilot Study.

Scene-Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB-PFT) is an innovative treatment used with troubled adolescents and their parents to improve family relationships and reduce adolescents' problematic behavior. It integrates the principles of family therapy, psychodrama, and multiple-family group methodology. This research is a pilot study to obtain empirical evidence on the SB-PFT therapeutic process by gauging the perception of change of troubled adolescents and their parents, and assess the perceived helpfulness of its methodology and techniques. Ten multiple-family intervention groups were drawn up, with 110 participants (63 adolescents and 47 parents), and we adopted a qualitative methodology with focus groups, using an inductive analysis of 290 active constructions of participant narratives. Concerning perception of change, the adolescents reported mainly gaining in social support, prosocial attitudes, keys to problem solving, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. The parents perceived improvement in social support, keys for educational practices, emotional well-being, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. Regarding the perceived helpfulness of methodology and techniques, both adolescents and parents highlighted the usefulness of the group methodology for gaining social support, relativizing the problem, and expressing emotions. Additionally, participants referred to role-playing and mirror techniques as the most useful techniques. In conclusion, this first study on SB-PFT presents and describes its treatment for troubled adolescents and their parents. The participants' positive perception of their personal and relational change after treatment should serve to promote further studies with quantitative methodology in order to verify the effectiveness of SB-PFT treatment.

La terapia familiar psicodramática basada en escenas (SB-PFT, por sus siglas en inglés) es un tratamiento innovador usado con adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres para mejorar las relaciones familiares y disminuir el comportamiento problemático de los adolescentes. Integra los principios de la terapia familiar, del psicodrama y de la metodología grupal multifamiliar. Esta investigación es un estudio piloto para obtener conocimiento empírico sobre el proceso terapéutico de la SB-PFT mediante la medición de la percepción de cambio de los adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres, y para evaluar la utilidad percibida de esta metodología y técnica. Se formaron diez grupos multifamiliares de intervención con 110 participantes (63 adolescentes y 47 padres), y adoptamos una metodología cualitativa con grupos focales utilizando un análisis inductivo de 290 construcciones activas de historias de los participantes. Con respecto a la percepción de cambio, los adolescentes informaron un aumento pricipalmente del apoyo social, de las actitudes prosociales, de las claves para resolver problemas y de la expresión de emociones debido al tratamiento. Los padres percibieron una mejora del apoyo social, de las claves para las prácticas educativas, del bienestar emocional y de la expresión de emociones debido al tratamiento. Con respecto a la utilidad percibida de la metodología y las técnicas, tanto los adolescentes como los padres destacaron la utilidad de la metodología de grupo para obtener apoyo social, relativizar el problema y expresar emociones. Además, los participantes se refirieron al juego de roles y a las técnicas del espejo como las más útiles. En resumen, este primer estudio sobre la SB-PFT presenta y describe su tratamiento para adolescentes conflictivos y sus padres. La percepción positiva de los participantes de su cambio personal y relacional después del tratamiento debería servir para promover más estudios con una metodología cuantitativa a fin de verificar la eficacia del tratamiento con la SB-PFT.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation Processes in Dying Patients With Cancer.

This article studies forgiveness and reconciliation (F/R) in patients with cancer. It focuses on the end of life, when family conflicts resurface and unfinished business challenges patients and causes spiritual distress. Forgiveness and reconciliation may intensify patient-family relationships and facilitate peace of mind and peaceful death. Existing forgiveness models and interventions focus on coping in life, yet no study has examined F/R processes until death. Our mixed-method exploratory study hypothesized that F/R processes occur in phases, repeatedly, and are spurred by approaching death. Three interdisciplinary units at a major Swiss hospital observed 50 dying patients with cancer experiencing severe conflicts with relatives, themselves, and/or with fate/God. Participant observation was combined with interpretative phenomenological analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. A semi-structured observation protocol was developed based on a 5-phase model. The protocol included space for notes (emotions, interventions, effects on dying processes). It was assessed by 20 professionals for 1 year. Analysis was supported by international interdisciplinary experts. We found that conflicts were complex and involved relational, biographical, and spiritual layers. In 62% of patients, F/R processes occurred repeatedly. Many patients died after finding F/R (22 within 48 hours). Patients indicated that imminent death, a mediating third party, acceptance, and experiences of hope motivated them to seek F/R. Although deep relationships may support F/R processes, our limited data on near-death experience/spiritual experiences restrict interpretation. Forgiveness and reconciliation processes oscillate between 5 phases: denial, crisis, experience of hope, decision, and finding F/R. Understanding F/R processes, empathy, hope, and a neutral third party may support patients in seeking forgiveness.

A Theoretically Grounded Exploration of Individual and Family Self-Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is highly prevalent and increasingly diagnosed during adolescence. This study explored the context and processes of self-management among adolescents, and parents of adolescents, who have PCOS. Adolescents with PCOS (n = 7) and their parents (n = 8) participated in a series of focus groups. Deductive thematic analysis was guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory (IFSMT), and the patterns that were identified aligned with the contexts and processes described therein. A secondary inductive approach was employed as a novel contextual pattern emerged: psychological health and well-being. Study findings suggest that adolescents and their families have a desire to engage in optimal self-management, and particularly effective strategies may consider a holistic, family intervention approach that addresses psychological health and well-being in addition to behavior change. Study findings are the first to reflect the unique needs of adolescents with PCOS and their families.

Funcionamiento familiar y estilos de vida saludable en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal, según características sociodemográficas / Functioning and healthy lifestyles in patients with colorectal canceraccording to sociodemographic characteristics

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las familias funcionales se caracterizan por la efectividad al manejar situaciones estresantes como grupo. Los estilos de vida saludable son las maneras de vivir, en sintonía con la protección de la salud integral. OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y los estilos de vida saludable, con las variables sociodemográficas en familias de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se determinaron las características sociodemográficas mediante encuestas autoadministradas a 78 pacientes en tratamiento o post-tratamiento, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los instrumentos fueron la Escala de Funcionamiento Familiar (ASF-E)y de Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) en español. El análisis estadístico fue univariado y bivariado. Corresponde a un estudio con riesgo mínimo. RESULTADOS: La mayor parte de los participantes percibieron funcionamiento familiar medio/alto y se asoció con un alto nivel de estudios, recibir apoyo familiar permanente y pertenecer a una familia nuclear. Las conductas promotoras de salud más practicadas fueron crecimiento espiritual, responsabilidad en salud y relaciones interpersonales, la menos practicada fue la actividad física. Se asociaron positivamente con ser mujer, tener más de 62 años, ocuparse de las labores del hogar y recibir todo tipo de apoyo. CONCLUSIONES: Es vital valorar el funcionamiento familiar y los estilos de vida saludable durante la atención integral al paciente con cáncer colorrectal e involucrar a las familias en el cuidado, a partir del apoyo en todas sus formas, la práctica de actividad física, el cambio de hábitos de vida y relaciones familiares.

INTRODUCTION: Functional families are characterized by effectiveness in handling stressful situations as a group. Healthy lifestyles are ways of living, in tune with the protection of integral health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between family functioning and healthy lifestyles, with sociodemographic variables in families of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Sociodemographic characteristics were determined through self-administered surveys of 78 patients in treatment or post-treatment, who met the inclusion criteria. The instruments were the Family Functioning Scale (ASF-E) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) in Spanish. Statistical analysis was univariate and bivariate. It corresponds to a minimal risk study. RESULTS: Most of the participants perceived medium / high family functioning and associated with a high level of education, receiving permanent family support and belonging to a nuclear family. The most practiced health promoting behaviors were spiritual growth, responsibility in health and interpersonal relationships, the least practiced was physical activity. They were positively associated with being a woman, being over 62 years old, taking care of household chores and receiving all kinds of support. CONCLUSIONS: It is vital to assess family functioning and healthy lifestyles during comprehensive care for patients with colorectal cancer and to involve families in care, based on support in all its forms, the practice of physical activity, the change of life habitsand family relationships.

Explicações de familiares sobre o sofrimento psíquico: diversidade e integralidade em questão / Explicaciones de familiares sobre el sufrimiento psíquico: diversidad e integralidad en cuestión / Explanations of family members about psychological distress: diversity and comprehensiveness in question

RESUMO Este estudo apresenta como tema as explicações de familiares sobre o sofrimento psíquico pelos itinerários terapêuticos de usuários na atenção em saúde mental a partir da ótica da família. O Itinerário Terapêutico (I.T.) é entendido como todos os movimentos suscitados por grupos ou indivíduos a fim de resguardar ou recuperar a saúde, que podem impulsionar diversos recursos, desde práticas religiosas e cuidados caseiros até os dispositivos biomédicos predominantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as explicações dadas pelo familiar a respeito do problema de saúde mental da pessoa em sofrimento psíquico. Efetuou-se um estudo qualitativo em que foram realizadas dez entrevistas com familiares de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). De acordo com a análise das entrevistas com base na Teoria Fundamentada em Dados foi possível o agrupamento das explicações dadas em: (1) espirituais, (2) orgânicas, (3) histórico familiar, (4) eventos de vida, (5) diagnóstico e (6) outros. As explicações dadas pelos familiares envolvem um olhar múltiplo, que incorpora diferentes causas e motivos, aproximando-se da ideia de integralidade em saúde.

RESUMEN En este estudio se presenta como tema las explicaciones de familiares sobre el sufrimiento psíquico por intermedio de los itinerarios terapéuticos de usuarios en la atención en salud mental a partir de la óptica de la familia. El Itinerario Terapéutico (I.T.) es entendido como todos los movimientos suscitados por grupos o individuos a fin de resguardar o recuperar la salud, que pueden impulsar diversos recursos, desde prácticas religiosas y cuidados caseros hasta los dispositivos biomédicos predominantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las explicaciones dadas por el familiar acerca del origen del problema de salud mental de la persona en sufrimiento psíquico. Se efectuó un estudio cualitativo en el que se realizaron 10 entrevistas con familiares de usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS). De acuerdo con el análisis de las entrevistas con base en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos fue posible la agrupación de las explicaciones dadas en: (1) Espiritual, (2) Orgánico, (3) Historia familiar, (4) Eventos de la vida (5) Diagnóstico y (6) Otros. Las explicaciones, dadas por los familiares, involucra una mirada múltiple, que incorpora diferentes causas y motivos, aproximándose a la idea de integralidad en salud.

ABSTRACT. This study presents the explanations of family members about psychological distress through the therapeutic itineraries of patients in mental health care from the perspective of the family. The Therapeutic Itinerary (T.I.) is understood as all movements raised by groups or individuals in order to safeguard or recover health, which can boost various resources, from religious practices and home care to the predominant biomedical devices. This study aimed to identify the explanations given by the family member regarding the mental health problem of the person in psychological distress. A qualitative study was carried out in which 10 interviews were conducted with family members of users of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS). According to the analysis of the interviews based on the Grounded Theory, it was possible to group the explanations into: (1) Spiritual, (2) Organic, (3) Family history, (4) Life events, (5) Diagnosis and (6) Others. The explanations given by family members involve a multiple look, which incorporates different causes and reasons, approaching the idea of integrality in health.

How palliative care patients' feelings of being a burden to others can motivate a wish to die. Moral challenges in clinics and families.

The article explores the underlying reasons for patients' self-perception of being a burden (SPB) in family settings, including its impact on relationships when wishes to die (WTD) are expressed. In a prospective, interview-based study of WTD in patients with advanced cancer and non-cancer disease (organ failure, degenerative neurological disease, and frailty) SPB was an important emerging theme. In a sub-analysis we examined (a) the facets of SPB, (b) correlations between SPB and WTD, and (c) SPB as a relational phenomenon. We analyzed 248 interviews with 62 patients, their family caregivers, and professionals using grounded theory and interpretive phenomenological analysis. SPB appeared as important empathic concern in care situations. Patients expressed many sorts of concerns for others, but also perceived an altered self-understanding that did not meet mutual expectations within relationships. In SPB associated with WTD three constellations were found: (a) WTD to unburden others; (b) patients decided against hastening death to prevent being a further burden to others (in these cases, the SPB counteracted the wish to die); and (c) both wishes for and against dying were sustained by SPB. These patients often felt paralyzed and suffered deeply. Family caregivers felt emotionally touched by SPB and tried to unburden patients by caring and compassion. We concluded that the impact of SPB on a WTD and the various meanings the facets of SPB have in balancing relationships need to be worked out individually. An early palliative and narrative approach is warranted.