Impacto de la implementación de un método de traspaso de información estandarizada interdisciplinar en sala de partos y unidad de cuidados obstétricos intermedios / Impact of the implementation of a standardised interdisciplinary information transfer method in the Delivery room and Intermediate Obstetric Care Unit

Objetivo Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir la implementación de la metodología estandarizada en la transferencia de información en sala de partos y unidad de cuidados obstétricos intermedios en un hospital de tercer nivel de Barcelona e identificar el impacto de esta implementación en los factores que actúan como facilitadores y barreras en el procedimiento. Método Estudio cuasiexperimental tipo pretest-postest sin grupo control en la unidad de cuidados obstétricos intermedios y sala de partos del servicio de Medicina Maternofetal de un hospital de tercer nivel de Barcelona. El personal sanitario autocumplimentó un cuestionario ad hoc antes y después de implementar la metodología estandarizada IDEAS en el servicio durante 2019 y 2020. Se evaluó la autopercepción personal en el procedimiento de transferencia de información. El test de Wilcoxon por pares se utilizó para la comparación antes y después. Resultados El uso de una metodología estandarizada ha mostrado un impacto en la mejora de la transmisión de la información. Se detectaron diferencias significativas antes y después de la intervención en las siguientes dimensiones: ubicación, personas implicadas, periodo de tiempo del procedimiento, estructurada ordenada y clara y tiempo suficiente para preguntas (p<0,001); mientras que no se observaron diferencias en transmisión al profesional referente, actuaciones bien definidas y realización de un resumen. Conclusiones Existen factores, como aspectos estructurales, organizativos y falta de tiempo, que dificultan la comunicación efectiva, por tanto, actúan como barreras en la transferencia de información. La implementación de una metodología con las personas implicadas, el tiempo y el espacio adecuado permite mejorar aspectos en la comunicación en el equipo multiprofesional y, por tanto, la seguridad del paciente. (AU)

Aim This study aims to describe the implementation of the standard methodology for information transfer in the labour ward and Intermediate Obstetric Care Unit and to identify the impact of this implementation on the factors that act as facilitators and barriers in the procedure. Method Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study without a control group in an Intermediate Obstetric Care Unit and delivery room of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Service of a tertiary hospital in Barcelona. Healthcare staff self-completed an ad hoc questionnaire before and after implementing the standardised IDEAS methodology in the service during 2019 and 2020. Personal self-perception in the information transfer procedure was assessed. The Wilcoxon pairwise test was used for comparison before and after. Results The use of a standardised methodology has shown an impact on improving the transmission of information. Significant differences were detected before and after the intervention in the following dimensions: location, people involved, time period of the procedure, structured, orderly and clear, and sufficient time for questions (p<0.001); while no differences were observed in: transmission to the referring professional, well-defined actions, and completion of a summary. Conclusions There are factors such as structural and organisational aspects and lack of time that hinder effective communication and therefore act as barriers to the transfer of information. The implementation of a methodology with the health professionals involved, the time and the appropriate space allows for the improvement of communication aspects in the multiprofessional team and, therefore, patient safety. (AU)

Opinions and practices of midwives working in the delivery rooms on informed consent in vaginal deliveries.

Obtaining informed consent from women for vaginal birth both safeguards their autonomy and establishes a legal foundation for midwives. This study aimed to determine the opinions and practices of midwives on obtaining valid informed consent for vaginal deliveries. This descriptive study was conducted between November 2021 and December 2022 in two different cities of Turkey, Bursa and Kocaeli. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test. In the study all midwives who had not received ethics training had a common perception that informed consent merely involved obtaining a signature and was a standard practice for vaginal birth (p=0.002). In the study, 92.9% of the midwives reported that they found it necessary to obtain informed consent in vaginal deliveries, 97.6% reported that they provided verbal information. However, information provided by midwives for valid informed consent was mostly not comprehensive (range 44.4%-80.2%). Most midwives (80.2%) focused on highlighting the benefits of vaginal birth for mothers, with comparatively less emphasis on communicating information regarding the potential risks and complications associated with vaginal birth for newborns. The high percentage of midwives who considered it necessary to obtain informed consent in vaginal deliveries in our study suggests that these midwives are well aware of the significance of informed consent.

L'obtention du consentement éclairé des femmes pour un accouchement vaginal garantit à la fois leur autonomie et leur établit une base juridique pour les sages-femmes. Cette étude visait à déterminer les opinions et les pratiques des sages-femmes concernant l'obtention d'un consentement éclairé valide pour les accouchements par voie vaginale. Cette étude descriptive a été menée entre novembre 2021 et décembre 2022 dans deux villes différentes de Turquie, Bursa et Kocaeli. Les données ont été analysées avec le test du Chi carré. Dans l'étude, toutes les sages-femmes qui n'avaient pas reçu de formation en éthique avaient la perception commune que le consentement éclairé impliquait simplement l'obtention d'une signature et constituait une pratique standard pour l'accouchement vaginal (p = 0,002). Dans l'étude, 92,9 % des sages-femmes ont déclaré qu'elles jugeaient nécessaire d'obtenir un consentement éclairé lors d'un accouchement vaginal, 97,6 % ont déclaré avoir fourni des informations verbales. Cependant, les informations fournies par les sages-femmes pour obtenir un consentement éclairé valide n'étaient pour la plupart pas complètes (plage de 44,4 % à 80,2 %). La plupart des sages-femmes (80,2 %) se sont attachées à souligner les avantages de l'accouchement vaginal pour les mères, en mettant comparativement moins l'accent sur la communication d'informations concernant les risques et les complications potentiels associés à l'accouchement vaginal pour les nouveau-nés. Le pourcentage élevé de sages-femmes qui ont jugé nécessaire d'obtenir un consentement éclairé lors d'un accouchement vaginal dans notre étude suggère que ces sagesfemmes sont bien conscientes de l'importance du consentement éclairé.

Impact of Birthing Room Design on Maternal Childbirth Experience: Results From the Room4Birth Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the birthing room design on nulliparous women's childbirth experience up to 1 year after birth. BACKGROUND: Although it is known that the birth environment can support or hinder birth processes, the impact of the birthing room design on maternal childbirth experience over time is insufficiently studied. METHODS: The Room4Birth randomized controlled trial was conducted at a labor ward in Sweden. Nulliparous women in active stage of spontaneous labor were randomized (n = 406) to either a regular birthing room (n = 202) or a new birthing room designed with more person-centered considerations (n = 204). Childbirth experiences were measured 2 hr, 3 months, and 12 months after birth by using a Visual Analogue Scale of Overall Childbirth Experience (VAS-OCE), the Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS), and the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ2). RESULTS: Women randomized to the new room had a more positive childbirth experience reported on the VAS-OCE 3 months (p = .002) and 12 months (p = .021) after birth compared to women randomized to a regular room. Women in the new room also scored higher in the total CEQ2 score (p = .039) and within the CEQ2 subdomain own capacity after 3 months (p = .028). The remaining CEQ2 domains and the FOBS scores did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that a birthing room offering more possibilities to change features and functions in the room according to personal needs and requirements, positively affects the childbirth experience of nulliparous women 3 and 12 months after they have given birth.

Presence of a companion in the delivery room and breastfeeding in the first hour of life: is there an association? / Presença de acompanhante na sala de parto e aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida: há associação?

Abstract Objectives: to identify variables associated with the presence of a companion in the delivery room and its association with breastfeeding (BF) in the first hour of life. Methods: cross-sectional analysis of data from a cohort study (n=344). To investigate the factors associated with the presence of a companion during childbirth and breastfeeding in the first hour; we performed Poisson regression analyses, considering p<0.05 as the level of statistical significance. Results: 93.9% of the pregnant women had a companion in the delivery room, and no association was found between socioeconomic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of the mother-child binomial and the presence of a companion. In a univariate analysis, the absence of a companion reduced the frequency of breastfeeding in the first hour (PR=0.64; CI95%=0.42-0.96), a result that was not confirmed in the adjusted analyses (PR=0.79; CI95%=0.54-1.15). Secondly, it was identified that the five minutes Apgar score was associated with first hour breastfeeding (PR=1.27; CI95%=1.14-1.40) regardless of the other factors. Conclusions: most women in the cohort had a companion in the delivery room, with no differences according to socioeconomic, obstetric and neonatal variables. The frequency of first hour breastfeeding was high; however, it was lower in the absence of a companion but this association was not independent of other factors.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar variáveis associadas à presença de acompanhante na sala de parto e sua associação com o aleitamento materno (AM) na primeira hora de vida. Métodos: análise transversal de dados provenientes de um estudo de coorte (n=344). Para investigação dos fatores associados entre a presença de companhia durante o parto e o AM na primeira hora foram realizadas análises de regressão de Poisson, considerando p<0,05 como nível de significância estatística. Resultados: 93,9% das parturientes tiveram acompanhante na sala de parto, não sendo encontrada associação entre características socioeconômicas, obstétricas e neonatais do binômio mãe-filho e esta presença. Em análise univariada, a ausência de acompanhante reduziu a frequência de AM na primeira hora (RP=0,64; IC95%=0,42-0,96), resultado que não se confirmou nas análises ajustadas (RP=0,79; IC95%=0,54-1,15). Secundariamente, identificou-se que o Apgar no quinto minuto associou-se com AM na primeira hora (RP=1,27; IC95%=1,14-1,40) independentemente dos demais fatores. Conclusões: a maioria das mulheres da coorte contou com acompanhante na sala de parto, sem diferenças segundo variáveis socioeconômicas, obstétricas e neonatais. A frequência de AM na primeira hora também foi alta e menor na ausência de acompanhante, contudo, essa associação não se mostrou independente de outros fatores.

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Chinese midwives working in the delivery room: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Compassion fatigue can negatively affect not only healthcare professionals' physical and mental health but also the quality of care they provide and organizational outcomes. However, little is known about compassion fatigue among Chinese midwives working in the delivery room. This study aimed to examine compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction levels among Chinese midwives working in the delivery room and correlate their compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. METHODS: A multisite cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling approach was conducted at 62 hospitals in Henan Province, central China, from May to July 2020. The participants were recruited through an online survey. A self-designed sociodemographic and work-related data sheet, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL) were used to measure the participants'basic information, level of social support, compassion fatigue(consists of burnout and secondary traumatic stress) and compassion satisfaction. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the characteristics of the participants' social support, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify associations with the participants' sociodemographic and professional characteristics, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 213 questionnaires were completed, 206 of which were valid (96.71%). The majority of the participants reported moderate risks for compassion satisfaction (75.24%) and burnout (59.71%) and low risks for secondary traumatic stress (61.65%). Higher job satisfaction as a midwife, lower average working hours per week in the past year, higher social support, extroverted personality, and work recognition in the past month were positively associated with compassion satisfaction, explaining 48.7% of the total variance. Always considering giving up a midwifery career, lower social support, working a day-night shift, poor health condition, more exposure to traumatic birth events per month on average in recent years, and lower job satisfaction as a midwife were negative factors for burnout, explaining 35.3% of the total variance. Four factors, including more exposure to traumatic birth events per month on average in recent years, always considering giving up a midwifery career, working a day-night shift and poor sleep quality, were negatively related to secondary traumatic stress, explaining 14.2% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, midwives showed moderate levels of compassion satisfaction and burnout and low levels of secondary traumatic stress which should attract the attention of health institutions. A healthy and supportive work environment is crucial to midwives' health, well-being and job satisfaction. Tailored strategies such as trauma management, emotional literacy, peer and social support networks should be implemented to support midwives' compassion satisfaction, while prevent and lower midwives' burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

Effect of Midwives' Application of Intelligent Delivery Room Management System on Delivery Outcome.

Objective: To investigate the impact of midwives using an intelligent delivery room management system on the outcome of deliveries. Method: A total of 100 primiparas admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynecology of our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control or observation. The control group got standard obstetric care. On the basis of the control group, midwives in the observation group applied the intelligent delivery room management system for delivery management. The outcomes of childbirth, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum depression were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group's first and second stages of labour were shorter than the control group's (P < 0.05), postpartum NRS score was lower than the control group's (P < 0.05), neonate Apgar score was higher than the control group's (P < 0.05), and the rate of vaginal delivery to caesarean section was lower than the control group's (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in prenatal S-AI scores between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). After delivery, the S-AI score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the comparison result was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in prenatal EPDS scores between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). After delivery, the EPDS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the comparison result was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Midwives may employ sophisticated delivery room management technologies to improve birth outcomes and reduce maternal anxiety and depression, and it is something that should be extensively promoted in clinic.

Ethical dilemmas experienced by midwives working in the delivery room.

BACKGROUND: Midwives frequently encounter ethical dilemmas in a critical unit such as a delivery room. Determining these ethical dilemmas is very important to prevent ethical problems and develop an ethical approach. AIM: This study aims to identify the ethical dilemma experiences of midwives working in delivery rooms in Turkey. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study follows a qualitative phenomenological research design. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: The sample comprised 13 midwives with at least two years working experience in delivery rooms, having completed the midwifery program of Manisa Celal Bayar University Health Sciences Institute in the 2017-2018 academic year. Data were collected through audio-recorded semi-structured interviews to reveal their experiences. Content analysis was done using the Nvivo software package program. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and transferred into NVivo for analysis. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethical approval was granted by Manisa Celal Bayar University University Health Sciences Ethics Committee (Date: 16.12.2016 No: 372). Participation in this study was voluntary. Written and verbal consent was gained. These consents include protecting midwives' privacy, keeping information confidential, and/or allowing the participant to remain anonymous. FINDINGS: Four themes were identified: differences of approach to the birth process, hospital management, communication, and differences in ethical approach. Several factors explained these ethical dilemmas while the midwives adopted different approaches to ethical decision making. DISCUSSION: These midwives experienced various dilemmas while working in the delivery room and are aware of most of them. They also took responsibility in the decision-making process and experienced many intense emotions that they had to cope with. CONCLUSION: The ethical dilemmas faced by these midwives while working in delivery rooms were mainly caused by hierarchy. Future studies could investigate clarifying job descriptions of midwives, who are authorized to manage normal births under their own responsibility, within the hospital management and the health care team.

Practices of midwives working in delivery rooms for protection of perineum during intrapartum period and their feedback on these applications.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Perineal traumas occurring during labor are undesirable for both the midwives and the woman. Midwives and obstetricians could use different techniques to protect the perineum. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the practices of midwives working in the delivery room to protect the perineum during the second stage of labor. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study regarding practices of midwifes for protection of perineum during intrapartum period. The study was conducted with a total of 20 midwives in a maternity unit of an training and research hospital. The data were collected through the forms prepared by the researchers. FINDINGS: The average age of the midwives was 34 ± 8.77. The majority of midwives (n: 17, 85%) believed that the need for practices to protect the perineum during labor; 40% of them used perineal protection (hands on) technique to protect perineum and they preferred to perform routine episiotomy in all primiparas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study, it was observed that evidence-based practices was not applied sufficiently enough by the midwives although they were knowledgeable and believed that they are beneficial. Studies are needed for the obstacles to these practices to be identified and removed.

[Violence Against Staff in Delivery Rooms - Results of an Online-Survey and Structured Interviews in Obstetric Clinics in Berlin]. / Gewalt gegen Kreißsaalpersonal ­ Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung und von Leitfadeninterviews an Berliner Geburtskliniken.

INTRODUCTION: Violence against medical staff is a known problem in emergency departments. Nevertheless, there is little empirical data about physical and verbal violence against staff members in delivery rooms in Germany. METHODS: This study comprises both quantitative and qualitative analyses. For the quantitative part, midwives and doctors working in delivery rooms in Berlin were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their experiences with violence within the last 6 months; this survey was completed between 15 November 2019 and 15 February 2020. For the qualitative part, structured interviews were conducted to investigate individual experiences of violence in more detail. RESULTS: Out of 173 participants in total, 148 (86%) reported to have experienced verbal violence and 82 (47%) reported to have experienced physical violence. Midwives and younger staff seem to be more often affected by violence. 70% of the participants did not feel sufficiently prepared for situations of violence. In a total of 36 interviews, the participants specifically named communicative problems, too high expectations of the pregnant women and their companion, as well as language barrier and cultural differences as reasons for furthering violence. CONCLUSION: Violence against staff is a relevant problem in delivery rooms in Berlin. Participants would welcome training to deal with violence and professional help for coming to terms with experiences of violence. Improved information about pregnancy and delivery, institutionalized translation, and more staff could possibly help to decrease frequency of violence.

Model of care and chance of spontaneous vaginal birth: a prospective, multicenter matched-pair analysis from North Rhine-Westphalia.

BACKGROUND: Advantages of midwife-led models of care have been reported; these include a higher vaginal birth rate and less interventions. In Germany, 98.4% of women are giving birth in obstetrician-led units. We compared the outcome of birth planned in alongside midwifery units (AMU) with a matched group of low-risk women who gave birth in obstetrician-led units. METHODS: A prospective, controlled, multicenter study was conducted. Six of seven AMUs in North Rhine-Westphalia participated. Healthy women with a singleton term cephalic pregnancy booking for birth in AMU were eligible. For each woman in the study group a control was chosen who would have been eligible for birth in AMU but was booking for obstetrician-led care; matching for parity was performed. Mode of birth was chosen as primary outcome parameter. Secondary endpoints included a composite outcome of adverse outcome in the third stage and / or postpartum hemorrhage; higher-order obstetric lacerations; and for the neonate, a composite outcome (5-min Apgar < 7 and / or umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10 and / or transfer to specialist neonatal care). Statistical analysis was by intention to treat. A non-inferiority analysis was performed. RESULTS: Five hundred eighty-nine case-control pairs were recruited, final analysis was performed with 391 case-control pairs. Nulliparous women constituted 56.0% of cases. For the primary endpoint vaginal birth superiority was established for the study group (5.66%, 95%-CI 0.42% - 10.88%). For the composite newborn outcome (1.28%, 95%-CI -1.86% - -4.47%) and for higher-order obstetric lacerations (2.33%, 95%-CI -0.45% - 5.37%) non-inferiority was established. Non-inferiority was not present for the composite maternal outcome (-1.56%, 95%-CI -6.69% - 3.57%). The epidural anesthesia rate was lower (22.9% vs. 41.1%), and the length of hospital stay was shorter in the study group (p < 0.001 for both). Transfer to obstetrician-led care occurred in 51.2% of cases, with a strong association to parity (p < 0.001). Request for regional anesthesia was the most common cause for transfer (47.1%). CONCLUSION: Our comparison between care in AMU and obstetrician-led care with respect to mode of birth and other outcomes confirmed the superiority of this model of care for low-risk women. This pertains to AMU where admission and transfer criteria are in place and adhered to.

Hand hygiene during facility-based childbirth in Cambodia: a theory-driven, mixed-methods observational study.

BACKGROUND: Despite current efforts to improve hand hygiene in health care facilities, compliance among birth attendants remains low. Current improvement strategies are inadequate, largely focusing on a limited set of known behavioural determinants or addressing hand hygiene as part of a generalized set of hygiene behaviours. To inform the design of a facility -based hand hygiene behaviour change intervention in Kampong Chhnang, Cambodia, a theory-driven formative research study was conducted to investigate the context specific behaviours and determinants of handwashing during labour and delivery among birth attendants. METHODS: This formative mixed-methods research followed a sequential explanatory design and was conducted across eight healthcare facilities. The hand hygiene practices of all birth attendants present during the labour and delivery of 45 women were directly observed and compliance with hand hygiene protocols assessed in analysis. Semi-structured, interactive interviews were subsequently conducted with 20 key healthcare workers to explore the corresponding cognitive, emotional, and environmental drivers of hand hygiene behaviours. RESULTS: Birth attendants' compliance with hand hygiene protocol was 18% prior to performing labour, delivery and newborn aftercare procedures. Hand hygiene compliance did not differ by facility type or attendants' qualification, but differed by shift with adequate hand hygiene less likely to be observed during the night shift (p = 0.03). The midwives' hand hygiene practices were influenced by cognitive, psychological, environmental and contextual factors including habits, gloving norms, time, workload, inadequate knowledge and infection risk perception. CONCLUSION: The resulting insights from formative research suggest a multi-component improvement intervention that addresses the different key behaviour determinants to be designed for the labour and delivery room. A combination of disruption of the physical environment via nudges and cues, participatory education to the midwives and the promotion of new norms using social influence and affiliation may increase the birth attendants' hand hygiene compliance in our study settings.

Spiritual care, compassion and associated factors of midwives working in delivery rooms.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the level of spiritual care and compassion among midwives working in delivery rooms and associated factors. METHODS: A descriptive design was utilized to collect data using self-report questionnaires from 181 midwives working in delivery rooms in Turkey. Data were collected between 1 February 2020 and 20 March 2020. RESULTS: The mean Spiritual Care-Giving Scale (SCGS) (min: 25- max: 175) and Compassion Scale (CS) (min: 24- max: 120) scores were 147.88 ± 17.84 and 96.37 ± 12.84. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the SCGS and CS scores of the midwives based on age, working year, work schedule, job satisfaction and traumatic birth experiences. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between scores on certain SCGS and CS subdimensions. CONCLUSION: Midwifery is a continuously evolving profession based on helping others. However, long working hours and their exposure to traumatic birth events negatively affect both spiritual caregiving and compassion levels of midwives. Working conditions of midwives need to improve and this would contribute to the quality of maternal healthcare. Also, studies should be conducted in different contexts, societies and cultures to identify barriers to compassionate and spiritual care during childbirth.

Desfechos da inserção de dispositivo intrauterino de cobre por obstetrizes e enfermeiras obstétricas em um centro de parto normal peri-hospital / Outcomes of copper intrauterine device insertion by midwives and obstetric nurses in a freestanding birth centre

Apesar de ser um método anticoncepcional de alta eficácia, o dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) ainda é subutilizado no Brasil. Estudos apontam que a sua disponibilidade é menor nas regiões periféricas, contribuindo para a desigualdade no acesso ao método. Além da baixa oferta do método, estudos relatam que barreiras organizacionais contribuem para a sua subutilização. A falta de profissionais capacitados para a inserção do DIU é um dos exemplos dessas barreiras, tornando-se um dos obstáculos para se atingir os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. O panorama apresentado sinaliza a necessidade de se expandir o atendimento em saúde reprodutiva, incorporando outros profissionais de saúde ao aconselhamento e oferta de métodos contraceptivos, incluindo o DIU. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos da inserção do DIU de cobre de intervalo por obstetrizes e enfermeiras obstétricas em um Centro de Parto Normal Peri-Hospitalar (CPNp). Método: Estudo do tipo quantitativo transversal. O cenário do estudo foi um CPNp localizado na região sul da cidade de São Paulo. A população de estudo contemplou mulheres que tiveram o DIU de cobre inserido por obstetrizes e enfermeiras obstétricas da instituição. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter 18 anos de idade ou mais no momento da entrevista telefônica, ter retornado ao serviço para a consulta de follow-up e estar usando o DIU de cobre por, no mínimo, seis meses. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de prontuários e contato telefônico. Os desfechos analisados foram a taxa de perfuração uterina, taxa de expulsão do DIU com 30 a 45 dias e no primeiro ano de uso, taxa de remoção do DIU no retorno, nível de dor durante a inserção, interrupção do uso e grau de satisfação com o método. Os dados foram analisados no Stata® 15.0. Resultados: Dentre as 75 inserções de DIU, não houve nenhuma perfuração uterina; 1,3% dos DIU foram expulsos com 30 a 45 dias de uso e 5,3% no primeiro ano de uso; a taxa de necessidade de remoção no retorno foi de 4,0%; e o score médio de dor foi 4,2 (dp= 3,3). Dentre aquelas que ainda usavam o DIU no momento da entrevista, 93,1% se consideraram satisfeitas com o método. Conclusão: A inserção de DIU por enfermeiras obstétricas e obstetrizes mostrou ser eficaz, com desfechos similares aos observados em outros estudos em que o profissional médico foi o responsável pelas inserções.

Despite being an effective contraceptive method, the intrauterine device (IUD) still underused in Brazil. Extensive research has shown the availability is lower in peripheral regions, contributing to inequality in access to the method. In addition, authors report that organizational barriers contribute to underutilization. The lack of trained professionals to insert the IUD is one of the examples of these barriers, becoming one of the obstacles to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Presented panorama indicates the need to expand reproductive health care, incorporating other health workers to contraceptive methods offer and counseling, including IUD. Objective: Evaluate the copper IUD outcomes inserted by midwives and obstetric nurses in a freestanding birth center Method: Cross-sectional quantitative study in a freestanding birth center located in the southern region of São Paulo city. The study population are women who had the IUD performed by professionals from the institution. Inclusion criteria were being 18 years or older at the time of interview, having returned to the service for the follow-up appointment and having been using the copper IUD for at least 6 months. Data collection was performed from medical records and telephone contact. Outcomes analyzed were uterine perforation rate, IUD expulsion rate from 30 to 45 days and in the first year of use, IUD removal rate on return, pain level during insertion, discontinuation of use and satisfaction level with IUD. Data were analyzed by Stata® 15.0. Results: Among the 75 IUD insertions, there was no uterine perforation, IUD expulsion rated 1,3% within 30 to 45 days of use and 5,3% in the first year of use, IUD removal rate during follow-up appointment was 4,0% and the mean pain score was 4.2 (dp= 3,3). Among those who still used IUD, at the time of the interview, 93.1% considered themselves satisfied with the method. Conclusion: IUD insertion performed by obstetric nurses and midwives are effective, with similar outcomes to those observed in other studies where the medical professional was responsible for the insertions.

Expectativas e (in)satisfação das mulheres com a assistência ao parto normal hospitalar: perspectivas para a qualidade / Expectations and (in)satisfaction of women with hospital assistance to for normal birth: perspectives on quality

Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever as expectativas sobre a assistência ao parto normal hospitalar e analisar a satisfação e a insatisfação quanto à assistência recebida no parto normal hospitalar na perspectiva de puérperas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada através de entrevistas individuais e roteiro semiestruturado realizadas de outubro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 após aprovação pelo comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e aquiescência da maternidade. Participaram trinta puérperas classificadas como risco habitual, cujo parto foi assistido por enfermeiras obstétricas ou médicas obstetras em uma maternidade municipal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A abordagem dos resultados ocorreu através da análise de conteúdo temático à luz dos padrões da qualidade da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados evidenciaram o predomínio de expectativas convergentes aos padrões da qualidade relacionados à experiência do cuidado. Almejaram profissionais competentes, com postura favorável ao protagonismo da parturiente com comunicação eficaz, respeito, assistência digna com disponibilidade de recursos humanos e materiais e a presença de um acompanhante de sua escolha, definiram o evento parturitivo como fisiológico, natural e marcante. Frente à persistência do paradigma tecnocrático e ao contexto de crise no sistema de saúde, relataram apreensão e insegurança quanto à iminência de desrespeito e violência. A satisfação na assistência ao parto predominou nos relatos, descritos pela comunicação respeitosa que possibilitou autonomia e protagonismo. Igualmente, a privacidade e a atenção às necessidades individuais foram identificadas como atributos que contribuíram para o bem-estar, percepção de segurança acolhimento e tranquilidade. As tecnologias leves e não invasivas, incluindo o suporte emocional promovido pelos profissionais de saúde e pelo acompanhante foram apontados como métodos que promoveram conforto, alívio da dor, autonomia e empoderamento. A enfermeira obstétrica foi reconhecida como importante para a satisfação, alicerçada no cuidado centrado na parturiente, benéfico ao transcurso fisiológico do processo parturitivo, convergentes ao atendimento de alta qualidade. Em paralelo, vivências de insatisfação foram atribuídas à postura profissional verticalizada, impessoal, segmentada e hostil, resultando na percepção de desassistência, negligência, tensão, preocupação e abandono. As limitações dos recursos materiais e humanos, assim como a ausência de suporte emocional, foram apontadas como influentes nas condições indignas, precárias e desfavoráveis. A imposição de posições e condutas, como a infusão de ocitocina intravenosa e a posição litotômica ocasionaram desconforto, sensação de sofrimento e fragilidade. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para elucidar elementos potencializadores para uma assistência satisfatória às parturientes. Características do paradigma tecnocrático foram rejeitadas e influenciaram nas insatisfatórias, demandando o enfrentamento e superação desse problema.

This research aimed to describe women's expectations of normal hospital childbirth care and to analyse satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the care received at normal hospital childbirth. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory survey conducted by means of individual interviews and a semi-structured script with the participation of thirty women classified as of habitual risk whose delivery was assisted by obstetric nurses or obstetricians in a municipal maternity ward in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The research was started after approval by the Ethics in Research Committee and acquiescence of the maternity ward. The approach to the results occurred through the analysis of thematic content in light of the quality standards of the World Health Organization. The results showed the predominance of expectations for normal childbirth care provided by empathetic professionals with technical and scientific competence. The women desired an appropriate professional posture of effective communication, respect, preservation of dignity and the maintenance of the presence of a companion of their choice. They defined labour and delivery as a physiological, singular and remarkable event which takes place primarily without the need for intervention. They considered the availability of human and material resources converging to quality standards related to the experience of care indispensable. Some childbearing women expressed low expectations due to apprehension and insecurity about the imminence of disrespect and violence in the face of the persistence of the technocratic paradigm and the context of crisis in the health system. The experiences presented characteristics of a hybrid and transitional model of care with predominance of satisfaction reports, in line with standards of quality improvement, since, from the perspective of these participants, the clear communication established by professionals enabled integration and involvement in childbirth. Similarly, respect for privacy and individual needs was identified as an attribute that contributed to well-being in a welcoming and safe environment with reduced anxiety. Non-invasive obstetric nursing technologies, including emotional support promoted by health professionals and caregivers, were identified as methods that promoted comfort, pain relief, autonomy, empowerment, and privacy. The obstetric nurse was recognized as important for satisfaction, based on respectful care and centred on the parturient, beneficial to the physiological course of the parturition process. From the perspective of the care experienced, the results were convergent to the requirements for high quality care. At the same time, experiences of dissatisfaction caused by the verticalized, impersonal, segmented, and hostile professional relationship resulted in the perception of withdrawal, neglect, tension, concern and the impossibility of decision and choice. The limitations of material and human resources, as well as the absence of emotional support were pointed out as influential in the unworthy, precarious, and unfavourable conditions. The imposition of medical positions and conducts, such as intravenous oxytocin infusion and the lithotomic position caused discomfort, fragility, and a feeling of suffering. This research has helped to elucidate the potential for desirable outcomes for women in labour, with a view on improving the quality of normal hospital childbirth care. The characteristics of the medicalized paradigm proved to be rejected and unsatisfactory, demanding the confrontation with the perpetuation of violence and the overcoming of this problem.

Esta pesquisa tuvo como objetivo describir las expectativas das mujeres sobre la asistencia al parto normal hospitalario y analizar la satisfacción y la insatisfacción por la asistencia recibida en el parto normal hospitalario. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria realizada por medio de entrevistas individuales y guion semiestructurado con participación de treinta puérperas clasificadas como risco habitual, cuyo parto fue asistido por enfermeras obstétricas o médicos obstetras en una maternidad municipal de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Iniciada después de la aprobación de la comisión de Ética en Investigación e autorización de la maternidad. El abordaje de los resultados fue hecha a través del análisis de contenido temático a la luz de los padrones de cualidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los resultados evidenciaran el predominio de expectativas por una asistencia al parto normal prestada por profesionales empáticos, con competencia técnica y científica. Deseaban postura profesional apropiada a la comunicación eficaz, respeto, preservación de la dignidad y manutención de la presencia de un acompañante de su escoja. Definieran el trabajo de parto y el parto como evento fisiológico, singular y marcante que transcurre prioritariamente sin necesidad de intervenciones. Consideraran indispensable la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y materiales convergentes a los padrones de cualidad relacionados a la experiencia del cuidado. Algunas puérperas manifestaran bajas expectativas por la aprehensión e inseguridad por la inminencia de desprecio y violencia frente a la persistencia del paradigma tecnocrático y el contexto de crisis en el sistema de salud. Las experiencias presentaran características de un modelo híbrido y en transición de la asistencia con predominio de relatos de satisfacción, consonantes a los padrones de mejoría de la cualidad, ya que, en la perspectiva de esas participantes, la comunicación clara establecida por los profesionales posibilitó a la integración y el involucramiento en el parto. Igualmente, el respeto a la privacidad y a las necesidades individuales fue identificado como atributo que contribuyó al bienestar en ambiente acogedor y seguro con reducción de la ansiedad. Las tecnologías no invasivas de enfermería obstétrica, incluyend el suporte emocional promovido por los profesionales de salud y por el acompañante fueran apuntados como métodos que promovieran conforto, alivio del dolor, autonomía, empoderamiento y privacidad. La enfermera obstétrica fue reconocida como importante para la satisfacción, basada en el cuidado respetoso y centrado en la parturiente, benéfico al transcurso fisiológico del proceso del parto. En la perspectiva de la asistencia vivenciada, los resultados fueran convergentes a los requisitos para la atención de alta calidad. En paralelo, vivencias de insatisfacción causada por la relación profesional verticalizada, impersonal, segmentada y hostil resultaran en la percepción de desasistencia, negligencia, tensión, preocupación e imposibilidad de decisión y escoja. Las limitaciones de los recursos materiales y humanos, así como la ausencia de suporte emocional fueran apuntados como influentes en las condiciones indignas, precarias y desfavorables. La imposición de posiciones y condutas médicas, como la infusión de oxitocina intravenosa y la posición litotómica ocasionaran incomodidad, fragilidad y sensación de sufrimiento. Esta investigación contribuyó para elucidar elementos potenciadores para resultados deseables por las parturientes, en dirección a la mejoría de la cualidad de la asistencia al parto normal hospitalario. Las características del paradigma medicalizado se demostraran rechazadas e insatisfactorias, demandando el enfrentamiento de la perpetuación de la violencia y la superación de ese problema.

Boas práticas no cuidado ao recém-nascido com boa vitalidade na sala de parto: revisão integrativa / Good practices in caring for a newborn with good vitality in the delivery room: integrative review / Buenas prácticas en el cuidado de un recién nacido con buena vitalidad en la sala de entrega: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre boas práticas relacionadas ao cuidado do recém-nascido com boa vitalidade na sala de parto. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada em cinco recursos informacionais, mediante associação dos descritores: recém-nascido; assistência perinatal; e, parto humanizado, em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: 12 publicações compuseram a análise interpretativa, nas quais contato pele a pele imediato mãe-bebê, aleitamento materno precoce e clampeamento oportuno do cordão umbilical são reconhecidos como boas práticas ao recém-nascido na sala de parto. A adesão ou não a essas condutas associam-se a fatores como tipo de parto, presença de acompanhante, vínculo com a equipe de saúde, infraestrutura, disponibilidade de recursos e hospital intitulado Amigo da Criança. Conclusão: é necessária uma mudança de paradigma vislumbrando o fortalecimento do vínculo entre mãe e bebê, logo, são necessários profissionais capacitados e sensibilizados para a humanização das condutas na sala de parto

Objective: to analyze the Brazilian scientific production on good practices related to the care of newborns with good vitality in the delivery room. Method: integrative review carried out on five information resources, using the association of descriptors: newborn; perinatal care; and humanized birth, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: 12 publications comprised the interpretative analysis, in which mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding, and timely umbilical cord clamping are recognized as good practices for the newborn in the delivery room. Adherence or not to these behaviors is associated with factors such as type of delivery, presence of companion, bond with the health team, infrastructure, availability of resources and hospital called Child Friendly

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica brasileña sobre buenas prácticas relacionadas con el cuidado de recién nacidos con buena vitalidad en la sala de partos. Método: revisión integradora en cinco recursos de información, utilizando la asociación de descriptores: recién nacido; cuidado perinatal; y nacimiento humanizado, en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: 12 publicaciones comprendieron el análisis interpretativo, en el cual el contacto inmediato piel a piel de la madre y el bebé, la lactancia temprana y el pinzamiento oportuno del cordón umbilical se reconocen como buenas prácticas. El cumplimiento de estas se asocia a tipo de parto, presencia de acompañante, vínculo con equipo de salud, infraestructura, disponibilidad de recursos y hospital llamado Child Friendly. Conclusión: se necesita un cambio de paradigma para prever el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre la madre y el bebé, por lo tanto, se necesitan profesionales capacitados y sensibilizados para humanizar la conducta en la sala de partos

[Normal childbirth: physiologic labor support and medical procedures. Guidelines of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) with the collaboration of the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the French College of Midwives (CNSF) - Newborn care in the delivery room]. / Accouchement normal : accompagnement de la physiologie et interventions médicales. Recommandations de la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) avec la collaboration du Collège national des gynécologues obstétriciens français (CNGOF) et du Collège national des sages-femmes de France (CNSF) ­ accueil du nouveau-né en salle de naissances.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this literature review is to make recommendations regarding the first steps and care provided to the healthy newborn. METHODS: Consultation of the Medline database, and of national and international guidelines. RESULTS: The initial assessment of the newborn should quickly determine whether resuscitation is necessary or not. Any anomaly requires the help of the pediatrician (Consensus agreement). For a newborn with no cardiorespiratory adaptation, delayed cord clamping may be considered more as a physiological modality of delivery, which may help prevent iron deficiency in the first months of life, without deleterious effects for the child or his/her mother, apart from a slightly increased risk of neonatal jaundice (gradeC). In order to avoid separating a woman and her child, it is recommended to postpone routine postnatal procedures, to allow for skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the newborn, if she wishes, according to a defined/specified surveillance protocol (grade B). Breastfeeding should be encouraged, and supported, especially the first time (Consensus agreement). In the absence of suggestive clinical signs, aspiration of the upper airways and systematic verification of the permeability of posterior nasal apertures and of the esophagus are not recommended (Consensus agreement). The prevention of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn by the oral administration of vitamin K1 to all healthy term babies begins in the delivery room, preferably in the presence of the parents and after having obtained their consent (Consensus agreement). CONCLUSION: Regarding the birth of a healthy newborn, it is strongly advised to avoid unnecessary technical actions and to favor the mother-child relationship in a safe environment.

Maternal and neonatal outcome of births planned in alongside midwifery units: a cohort study from a tertiary center in Germany.

BACKGROUND: For healthy women entering birth after uneventful pregnancy, midwife-led models of care have the potential to reduce interventions and increase the vaginal birth rate. In Germany, 98.4% of women are giving birth in consultant-led obstetric units. Alongside midwifery units (AMU) have been established in 2003. We compared the outcome of women registered for planned birth in the AMU at our hospital with a matched group of low-risk women who gave birth in standard obstetric care during the same period of time. METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort study design. The study group consisted of all women admitted to labor ward who had registered for birth in AMU from 2010 to 2017. For the control group, low-risk women were selected; additionally, matching was performed for parity. Mode of birth was chosen as primary outcome parameter for the mother. For the neonate, a composite primary outcome (5-min Apgar < 7 or umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10 or transfer to specialist neonatal care) was defined. Secondary outcomes included epidural anesthesia, duration of the second stage of labor, episiotomy, obstetric injury, and postpartum hemorrhage. Non-inferiority was assessed, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Six hundred twelve women were admitted for labor in AMU, the control group consisted of 612 women giving birth in standard obstetric care. Women in the study group were on average older and had a higher body mass index (BMI); birthweight was on average 95 g higher. Non-inferiority could be established for the primary outcome parameters. Epidural anesthesia and episiotomy rates were lower, and the mean duration of the second stage of labor was shorter in the study group; second-degree perineal tears were less common, higher-order obstetric lacerations occurred more frequently. Overall, 50.3% of women were transferred to standard obstetric care. Regression analysis revealed effects of parity, age and birthweight on the chance of transfer. CONCLUSION: Compared to births in our consultant-led obstetric unit, the outcome of births planned in the AMU was not inferior, and intervention rates were lower. Our results support the integration of AMU as a complementary model of care for low-risk women.

Midwife Led Units: Transforming Maternity Care Globally.

Background: Midwifery-led care is a high-certainty, evidence-based strategy to improve maternity care. Midwife-led units (MLUs) are one example of how the midwifery model of care is being integrated into existing health systems to transform maternal health around the world. Purpose: To promote global investment in MLUs by describing the benefits, current advances and future directions of this model of care. Method: A viewpoint based on prevalent notions of midwifery, research findings, guidance from professional organizations and authors' professional experience. Conclusion: Renewed commitment to research and the implementation of MLUs across a variety of settings is needed to address the practice, education and policy issues associated with this evidence-based strategy. The World Health Organization "Year of the Nurse and Midwife-2020" is an opportune time to invest in midwifery models of care that are fundamental to achieving core global health initiatives such as Universal Healthcare 2030.

Healing architecture and Snoezelen in delivery room design: a qualitative study of women's birth experiences and patient-centeredness of care.

BACKGROUND: The physical place and environment has a profound influence on experiences, health and wellbeing of birthing women. An alternatively designed delivery room, inspired by the principles of healing architecture and Snoezelen, was established in a Danish regional hospital. These principles provided knowledge of how building and interior design affects the senses, including users' pain experience and stress levels. The aim of the study was to explore women's experience of the environment and its ability to support the concept of patient-centeredness in the care of birthing women. METHODS: Applying a hermeneutical-phenomenological methodology, fourteen semi-structured interviews with low-risk women giving birth in an alternative delivery room at an obstetric unit in Denmark were undertaken 3-7 weeks after birth. RESULTS: Overall, women's experiences of given birth in the alternative delivery room were positive. Our analysis suggests that the environment was well adapted to the women's needs, as it offered a stress- and anxiety-reducing transition to the hospital setting, at the same time as it helped them obtain physical comfort. The environment also signaled respect for the family's needs as it supported physical and emotional interaction between the woman and her partner and helped relieve her concern for the partner's well-being. The psychosocial support provided by the midwives appeared inseparable from the alternative delivery room, as both affected, amplified, and occasionally restricted the women's experience of the physical environment. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of principles of healing architecture and Snoezelen in birth environments and add to the evidence on how the physical design of hospital environments influence on both social and physical aspects of the well-being of patients. The environment appeared to encompass several dimensions of the concept of patient-centered care.