Midwives Uniquely Suited to Deliver Woman-Centered Care and Decrease Stigma for Women With Substance Use Disorders.

Midwives are being called to serve a growing population of vulnerable women, those with substance use disorders (SUDs). Increasing numbers of women across the lifespan are being diagnosed with SUDs. In addition, women with SUDs are experiencing very unique and distinct differences in stigma related to their substance use. This stigma is coming from varied sources and through many different forms including mislabeling, misinformation, the media, and a devalued maternal/child relationship. Mothers frequently experience different types of adverse health encounters during the perinatal and postpartum period that also contribute to stigma. Midwives are positioned to provide woman-centered care in a variety of practice settings as integral members of interprofessional teams. Midwives can decrease the stigma women with SUDs are experiencing while improving the health of women, mothers, and families worldwide.

[Neonatal deaths in a highly vulnerable area in Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil: examining healthcare issues from women's perspective]. / Óbitos neonatais em região de alta vulnerabilidade do Município de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil: examinando questões assistenciais na perspectiva das mulheres.

The study analyzed the life and healthcare stories of women living in the Northwest Zone of the city of Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil, who had experienced neonatal deaths between January 2015 and July 2016. The study used triangulation of data from documents from the surveillance division, field diaries from visits to services, and interviews with the women. The interviews provided the main body of empirical data, based on narratives of the women's sexual and reproductive history, prenatal care, childbirth, and the experience of neonatal death. Of the 15 eligible cases, 8 women were interviewed, 6 of whom over 30 years of age and 2 under 30 years, all African-Brazilians, natives of Santos, and working in unskilled occupations. The data yielded the following results: (1) histories of unplanned pregnancies with various gestational risk factors; (2) the women's acknowledgment that they had experienced good access to health services; (3) questions concerning the need for tests and test results, understanding of complications, explanation of treatment approaches, and referrals; (4) prematurity, present in all the cases; (5) pain during labor, abandonment, and transfer to other services due to lack of beds in the neonatal ICU; (6) lack of integration between levels of care; and (7) after the infant's death, limited approaches and little orientation on comprehensive care related to the neonatal death. In conclusion, although the prenatal care was positively rated by the women, there was no comprehensive care for them in relation to the experience of neonatal death, with dialogue and an offer of more adequate contraceptive methods given their health history, as well as counseling on the emotional distress resulting from these experiences.

O estudo analisou a trajetória de vida e de cuidado de mulheres residentes na zona noroeste do Município de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil, que passaram pela experiência de óbitos neonatais entre janeiro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Realizou-se triangulação de dados de documentos da seção de vigilância, diários de campo de visitas aos serviços e entrevistas com as mulheres. Essas constituíram o principal eixo da produção de dados empíricos, por meio de narrativas sobre a história sexual e reprodutiva, cuidado pré-natal, ao parto e a experiência do óbito neonatal. De 15 casos elegíveis, entrevistaram-se oito mulheres, seis com mais e duas com menos de 30 anos, negras, naturais de Santos, em ocupações de baixa qualificação. Como resultados do conjunto dos dados observou-se: (1) históricos de gestações não planejadas e diversos fatores de risco gestacionais; (2) reconhecimento pelas mulheres de que tiveram bom acesso aos serviços de saúde; (3) questionamentos relativos a: necessidade de exames e retornos, valorização de intercorrências, esclarecimento de condutas e encaminhamentos; (4) prematuridade, envolvida em todos os casos; (5) sobre o parto relatam dor, abandono e transferência por falta de leito em UTI neonatal; (6) falta de integração entre os níveis de atenção; e (7) após o óbito, abordagens restritas e pouco orientadas para uma atenção integral relativas ao evento do óbito neonatal. Conclui-se que embora o cuidado pré-natal tenha sido bem avaliado pelas mulheres, não se verifica, quanto à experiência do óbito neonatal, um cuidado integral para essas mulheres, com diálogo e oferta de métodos contraceptivos mais adequados ao seu histórico, ou relativamente ao sofrimento mental resultante dessas experiências.

El estudio analizó la trayectoria de vida y cuidado de mujeres, residentes en la zona noroeste del municipio de Santos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, que pasaron por la experiencia de muertes neonatales, de enero de 2015 a julio de 2016. Se realizó una triangulación de datos con documentos de la sección de vigilancia, diarios de campo de visitas a los servicios de salud y entrevistas con las mujeres. Estas constituyeron el principal eje de la producción de datos empíricos, a través de relatos sobre su historial sexual y reproductivo, cuidado prenatal, momento del parto y experiencia de muerte neonatal. De los 15 casos elegibles, se entrevistaron a 8 mujeres, 6 con más y 2 con menos de 30 años, negras, oriundas de Santos, en ocupaciones de baja cualificación. Como resultados del conjunto de datos se observaron: (1) historiales de embarazos no deseados y diversos factores de riesgo gestacionales; (2) reconocimiento de las mujeres que tuvieron un buen acceso a los servicios de salud; (3) interrogantes relacionados con: necesidad de exámenes y seguimiento, valoración de complicaciones, aclaración de conductas y derivaciones a otros servicios; (4) prematuridad, implicada en todos los casos; (5) sobre el parto, relatan dolor, abandono y traslados por falta de camas en UCI neonatal; (6) falta de integración entre los niveles de atención; y (7) tras el fallecimiento, existen planteamientos limitados y poco orientados a una atención integral, relacionada con el evento del óbito neonatal. Se concluye que aunque el cuidado prenatal haya sido bien evaluado por las mujeres, no se verifica, en cuanto a la experiencia de la muerte neonatal, un cuidado integral hacia esas mujeres, con un diálogo y oferta de métodos contraceptivos más adecuados a su historial, o en relación al sufrimiento mental resultante de esas experiencias.

Coordinating Care for Reproductive Health Malignancies in the Veterans' Health Administration: Promising Practices, Ongoing Challenges, and Future Research.

In cancer care, communication and coordination across the cancer continuum is paramount for delivering effective, high-quality, patient-centered care. However, achieving optimally coordinated cancer care is inherently challenging, especially in the case of Veterans Administration (VA) care for women's reproductive health cancers. Given the relatively small number of women Veterans requiring care for reproductive malignancies, VA often must rely on community providers to deliver this care, necessitating coordination across two or more health care systems. Recently, VA has invested heavily in improving care for women Veterans through several initiatives and efforts. This article reviews VA's successes, challenges, and future opportunities in research and innovation in the context of care coordination across the cancer continuum (i.e., prevention and screening, diagnosis and treatment, survivorship care, palliative and supportive care) for women Veterans with reproductive health malignancies. We describe how coordination of VA care for reproductive health malignancies currently reflects a mix of successes that demonstrate use of strong evidenced-based practices and challenges, with solutions yet to be fully developed and implemented. We conclude that there are a multitude of opportunities for future research, interventions, and potential avenues for implementing innovative approaches to coordinate VA reproductive cancer care across the cancer continuum.

Comparison of preventive health service provision before and after reorganization of primary care in Turkey: a community-based study.

AIM: To investigate the changes in the provision of preventive health services in terms of woman and child health after reorganization of the primary health care services. BACKGROUND: The primary care system in Turkey has undergone fundamental changes as a part of Health Transformation Program during last decade. But there was no community-based study to evaluate these changes. METHOD: This community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010, just before the reorganization of primary care services and in 2015, five year after the reforms. The 30×7 cluster sampling method was used in Zümrütevler quarter of Maltepe District. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, the presence of the physician who can be consulted for any health problem, the presence of smokers at home were questioned. The women aged 18 years or older and gave consent provided information about history of pregnancy and birth, the number of follow-ups during pregnancy, family planning method usage, cervical and breast cancer screening, breastfeeding duration, vaccinations, and prophylactic iron and vitamin D supplementation for their children. FINDINGS: After the reorganization of primary care, more people stated that they had physicians to whom they could consult for all kinds of health problems (27.8 versus 44.7%; P<0.001) and that physician was the primary care physician (30.2 versus 64.7%; P<0.001). The reported frequency of at least one smoker at home was decreased after reorganization of primary care (63.6 versus 53.1%; P=0.034). There were no significant differences in terms unplanned pregnancy, the use of family planning method, the number of pregnancy follow-ups and the frequency of Pap smears and mammography. There are no significant differences in terms of healthy children follow-ups, vaccination, vitamin D and iron supplementation (P>0.05). It was found that the duration of total breastfeeding increased after reorganization of primary care (P<0.001).

Óbitos neonatais em região de alta vulnerabilidade do Município de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil: examinando questões assistenciais na perspectiva das mulheres / Neonatal deaths in a highly vulnerable area in Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil: examining healthcare issues from women's perspective / Mortalidad neonatal en una región de alta vulnerabilidad del municipio de Santos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil: examinando cuestiones asistenciales desde la perspectiva de las mujeres

Resumo: O estudo analisou a trajetória de vida e de cuidado de mulheres residentes na zona noroeste do Município de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil, que passaram pela experiência de óbitos neonatais entre janeiro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Realizou-se triangulação de dados de documentos da seção de vigilância, diários de campo de visitas aos serviços e entrevistas com as mulheres. Essas constituíram o principal eixo da produção de dados empíricos, por meio de narrativas sobre a história sexual e reprodutiva, cuidado pré-natal, ao parto e a experiência do óbito neonatal. De 15 casos elegíveis, entrevistaram-se oito mulheres, seis com mais e duas com menos de 30 anos, negras, naturais de Santos, em ocupações de baixa qualificação. Como resultados do conjunto dos dados observou-se: (1) históricos de gestações não planejadas e diversos fatores de risco gestacionais; (2) reconhecimento pelas mulheres de que tiveram bom acesso aos serviços de saúde; (3) questionamentos relativos a: necessidade de exames e retornos, valorização de intercorrências, esclarecimento de condutas e encaminhamentos; (4) prematuridade, envolvida em todos os casos; (5) sobre o parto relatam dor, abandono e transferência por falta de leito em UTI neonatal; (6) falta de integração entre os níveis de atenção; e (7) após o óbito, abordagens restritas e pouco orientadas para uma atenção integral relativas ao evento do óbito neonatal. Conclui-se que embora o cuidado pré-natal tenha sido bem avaliado pelas mulheres, não se verifica, quanto à experiência do óbito neonatal, um cuidado integral para essas mulheres, com diálogo e oferta de métodos contraceptivos mais adequados ao seu histórico, ou relativamente ao sofrimento mental resultante dessas experiências.

The study analyzed the life and healthcare stories of women living in the Northwest Zone of the city of Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil, who had experienced neonatal deaths between January 2015 and July 2016. The study used triangulation of data from documents from the surveillance division, field diaries from visits to services, and interviews with the women. The interviews provided the main body of empirical data, based on narratives of the women's sexual and reproductive history, prenatal care, childbirth, and the experience of neonatal death. Of the 15 eligible cases, 8 women were interviewed, 6 of whom over 30 years of age and 2 under 30 years, all African-Brazilians, natives of Santos, and working in unskilled occupations. The data yielded the following results: (1) histories of unplanned pregnancies with various gestational risk factors; (2) the women's acknowledgment that they had experienced good access to health services; (3) questions concerning the need for tests and test results, understanding of complications, explanation of treatment approaches, and referrals; (4) prematurity, present in all the cases; (5) pain during labor, abandonment, and transfer to other services due to lack of beds in the neonatal ICU; (6) lack of integration between levels of care; and (7) after the infant's death, limited approaches and little orientation on comprehensive care related to the neonatal death. In conclusion, although the prenatal care was positively rated by the women, there was no comprehensive care for them in relation to the experience of neonatal death, with dialogue and an offer of more adequate contraceptive methods given their health history, as well as counseling on the emotional distress resulting from these experiences.

Resumen: El estudio analizó la trayectoria de vida y cuidado de mujeres, residentes en la zona noroeste del municipio de Santos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, que pasaron por la experiencia de muertes neonatales, de enero de 2015 a julio de 2016. Se realizó una triangulación de datos con documentos de la sección de vigilancia, diarios de campo de visitas a los servicios de salud y entrevistas con las mujeres. Estas constituyeron el principal eje de la producción de datos empíricos, a través de relatos sobre su historial sexual y reproductivo, cuidado prenatal, momento del parto y experiencia de muerte neonatal. De los 15 casos elegibles, se entrevistaron a 8 mujeres, 6 con más y 2 con menos de 30 años, negras, oriundas de Santos, en ocupaciones de baja cualificación. Como resultados del conjunto de datos se observaron: (1) historiales de embarazos no deseados y diversos factores de riesgo gestacionales; (2) reconocimiento de las mujeres que tuvieron un buen acceso a los servicios de salud; (3) interrogantes relacionados con: necesidad de exámenes y seguimiento, valoración de complicaciones, aclaración de conductas y derivaciones a otros servicios; (4) prematuridad, implicada en todos los casos; (5) sobre el parto, relatan dolor, abandono y traslados por falta de camas en UCI neonatal; (6) falta de integración entre los niveles de atención; y (7) tras el fallecimiento, existen planteamientos limitados y poco orientados a una atención integral, relacionada con el evento del óbito neonatal. Se concluye que aunque el cuidado prenatal haya sido bien evaluado por las mujeres, no se verifica, en cuanto a la experiencia de la muerte neonatal, un cuidado integral hacia esas mujeres, con un diálogo y oferta de métodos contraceptivos más adecuados a su historial, o en relación al sufrimiento mental resultante de esas experiencias.

Heart Centers for Women: Historical Perspective on Formation and Future Strategies to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease.

Heart Centers for Women (HCW) developed as a response to the need for improved outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). From 1984 until 2012, more women died of CVD every single year in comparison with men. Initially, there was limited awareness and sex-specific research regarding mortality or outcomes in women. HCW played an active role in addressing these disparities, provided focused care for women, and contributed to improvements in these gaps. In 2014 and 2015, death from CVD in women had declined below the level of death from CVD in comparison with men. Even though awareness of CVD in women has increased among the public and healthcare providers and both sex- and gender-specific research is currently required in all research trials, not all women have benefitted equally in mortality reduction. New strategies for HCW need to be developed to address these disparities and expand the current HCW model. The HCW care team needs to direct academic curricula on sex- and gender-specific research and care; expand to include other healthcare professionals and other subspecialties; provide new care models; address diversity; and include more male providers.

Trauma-informed care in general practice: Findings from a women's health centre evaluation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Trauma and adversity have serious health consequences, particularly when experienced in early life. These health consequences can be significantly lessened if young people access appropriate care when needed. In 2004, the Blue Mountains Women's Health and Resource Centre created a Young Women's Clinic (YWC) that began providing drop-in appointments for women aged 12-25 years with a general practitioner, nurse or counsellor, as well as a group art program. METHOD: A qualitative evaluation of services provided by the YWC was conducted, drawing on 13 years of client and staff experiences. The evaluation framework was drawn from the recommendations of the NSW Centre for Advancement of Adolescent Health, the Australian Women's Health Network and the World Health Organization report on People-centred and integrated health services. RESULTS: The following principles of trauma-informed care were identified in the study: recognising the impact of trauma on consultations; tailoring consultation length to client needs; providing trauma therapy as well as physical healthcare; offering long-term, safe relationships with staff; trauma-sensitive gynaecological care; and the importance of self-care for health practitioners. DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate the importance of holistic general practice services in preventing and managing the long-term health consequences of adversity and trauma.

"I just wish that everything is in one place": facilitators and barriers to continuity of care among HIV-positive, postpartum women with a non-communicable disease in South Africa.

HIV and non-communicable diseases (NCD) are co-epidemics in South Africa. Comorbid individuals must engage in lifelong care. Postpartum HIV-positive women in South Africa are at high risk of dropping out of HIV care. We explored healthcare utilization among postpartum women requiring chronic management of HIV and NCD. From August - December 2016, we enrolled 25 women in Soweto, South Africa, and conducted one-time interviews. All participants were adult (≥18 years), HIV-positive, postpartum, and diagnosed with a NCD that required further evaluation after delivery. We developed a conceptual model that describes how maternal factors, interaction with environments, and social networks influence follow up engagement. Barriers to follow-up included separate visit days, increased time commitment, transportation and logistics, unfamiliar clinic environments, and disrespectful staff. Factors facilitating patient engagement included social support and partner disclosure. Women were more likely to turn to friends and family for advice regarding HIV or the NCD, rather than a clinic. Women prioritized infant care after delivery, suggesting that baby care may be an entry point for improving maternal care after delivery. Our results support advocating for better integration of services at the primary care level as a method to improve continuity of care for both women and children.

Integrating cervical cancer screening and preventive treatment with family planning and HIV-related services.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa-in large part because of inadequate coverage of screening and preventive treatment services. A number of programs have begun integrating cervical cancer prevention services into existing family planning or HIV/AIDS service delivery platforms, to rapidly expand "screen and treat" programs and mitigate cervical cancer burden. Drawing upon a review of literature and our experiences, we consider benefits and challenges associated with such programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. We then outline steps that can optimize uptake and sustainability of integrated sexual and reproductive health services. These include increasing coordination among implementing organizations for efficient use of resources; task shifting for services that can be provided by nonphysicians; mobilizing communities via trusted frontline health workers; strengthening management information systems to allow for monitoring of multiple services; and prioritizing an operational research agenda to provide further evidence on the cost-effectiveness and benefits of integrated service delivery.

Instruments for articulating the network of attention to women in situation of violence: collective construction. / Instrumentos para articulação da rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência: construção coletiva.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at identifying all the necessary information to build instruments which are designed to facilitate the professional integration of services to women in situation of violence with a view to the establishment of a network of attention. METHOD: Qualitative study, convergent, whose information has been produced from February to August 2015 by 10 group meetings, with 32 participants from the Integrated Working Group to Confront Violence in Santa Maria-RS, located at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: It defined the flow direction; the points to compose the network; what it would take to communicate among services: identification of wife and family, report on the situation and the continuity of care. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for an institutional formalization of constructed devices. The articulation between the services requires communication, involvement and commitment of the professionals to ensure the continuity of care.

The Role of Organizational Factors in the Provision of Comprehensive Women's Health in the Veterans Health Administration.

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of women veterans present an organizational challenge to a health care system that historically has served men. Women veterans require comprehensive women's health services traditionally not provided by the Veterans Health Administration. OBJECTIVE: Examine the association of organizational factors and adoption of comprehensive women's health care. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2007 Veterans Health Administration National Survey of Women Veterans Health Programs and Practices. METHODS: Dependent measures included a) model of women's health care: separate women's health clinic (WHC), designated women's health provider in primary care (DWHP), both (WHC+DWHP), or neither and b) the availability of five women's health services: cervical cancer screening and evaluation and management of vaginitis, menstrual disorders, contraception, and menopause. Exposure variables were organizational factors drawn from the Greenhalgh model of diffusion of innovations including measures of structure, absorptive capacity, and system readiness for innovation. RESULTS: The organizational factors of a gynecology clinic, an academic affiliation with a medical school, a women's health representative on one or more high-impact committees, and a greater caseload of women veterans were more common at sites with WHCs and WHC+DWHPs, compared with sites relying on general primary care with or without a DWHP. Academic affiliation and high-impact committee involvement remained significant in multivariable analysis. Sites with WHCs or WHC+DWHPs were more likely to offer all five women's health services. CONCLUSION: Facilities with greater apparent absorptive capacity (academic affiliation and women's health representation on high-impact committees) are more likely to adopt WHCs. Facilities with separate WHCs are more likely to deliver a package of women's health services, promoting comprehensive care for women veterans.

Impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información en la interrelación matrona - gestante / Impact of Information Technology on the midwife - pregnant interrelationship

Los avances que las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) están generando a nivel social están teniendo su reflejo en la sanidad. La Obstetricia no está al margen de esta eclosión de las TIC siendo el objetivo de este artículo conocer qué impacto están teniendo en la especial relación entre la matrona y la gestante y hacia dónde se encamina, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica existente. Se seleccionaron 31 referencias publicadas entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2014, encontrándose varios aspectos que afectan a este vínculo. Los resultados muestran que se está avanzando en un nuevo rol para la matrona como gestora de información y que existe una valoración positiva del efecto de las TICs sobre matronas y gestantes pero recordando siempre que las nuevas tecnologías en sanidad son un medio y no un fin en sí mismas

Advances Technologies of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are creating a social level are being reflected in healthcare. Obstetrics is not immune to this explosion of ICT being the purpose of this article to know what impact they are having on the special relationship between the Midwife and Pregnant Women and where it is headed by a literature review of existing scientific literature. 31 references published between January 2000 and December 2014 were selected found several aspects that affect this link. The results show that there is progress on a new role for the Midwife as manager of information and there is a positive assessment of the impact of ICT on Midwives and Pregnant but always remembering that new technologies in health are half and not an end in themselves

Itinerário terapêutico: a busca por cuidados de mães cujos filhos faleceram com menos de um ano / La ruta terapéutica: la búsqueda de las madres lactantes cuyos hijos murieron en menos de un año / Therapeutic rout: the search for care of mothers whose children have died less than a year

Recognizing the care trajectories of mothers whose children have died less than a year. Methods: this was a qualitative study conducted with pregnant women who reported fetal or neonatal death during the year 2012 in the countryside of Bahia municipality. To collect data, we used the in-depth interview and analysis content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. Results: one can see the clutter on the network of health care of women with predominance of dehumanization traits and difficulty by professionals in continuing care in other levels of care. Conclusions: the study of the care trajectories revealed itself as a tool of therapeutic routin valuable to assess the functioning of health care networks, making visible successes and difficulties presented in the context of care to pregnant women...

Conhecer as trajetórias assistenciais de mães cujos filhos faleceram com menos de um ano. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com gestantes que referiram óbito fetal ou neonatal durante o ano de 2012 num município do interior da Bahia. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se da entrevista em profundidade e para análise a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: pode-se perceber a desorganização na rede de atenção à saúde da mulher com predominância de traços de desumanização e dificuldade por parte dos profissionais em dar continuidade ao cuidado em outros níveis de atenção. Conclusão: o estudo das trajetórias assistenciais revelou-se como uma ferramenta do itinerário terapêutico inestimável para avaliar o funcionamento de redes de atenção à saúde, tornando visíveis acertos e dificuldades apresentados no âmbito da assistência prestada à gestante...

Conocer las trayectorias de atención de las madres cuyos hijos murieron en menos de un año. Métodos: este fue un estudio cualitativo realizado con las mujeres embarazadas que informaron de la muerte fetal o neonatal durante el año 2012 en el interior del municipio de Bahía. Para recopilar los datos, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido de la entrevista en profundidad. Resultados: uno puede ver el desorden en la red de atención de salud de las mujeres con predominio de rasgos dela deshumanización y la dificultad de profesionales de atención continua en otros niveles de atención. Conclusiones: el estudio de las trayectorias de atención se reveló como una herramienta de itinerario terapéutico de gran valor para evaluar el funcionamiento de las redes de atención de salud, haciendo visibles los éxitos y las dificultades que se presentan en el contexto de la atención a las mujeres embarazadas...

Integrating Preexposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Into Women's Health Care in the United States.

Women comprise one in five new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States. Trials and implementation projects demonstrate preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention is effective in women. Preexposure prophylaxis is a method of preventing HIV acquisition by having an HIV-negative individual take antiretroviral medication before exposure. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate coformulated with emtricitabine as preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in 2012. Preexposure prophylaxis is highly dependent on adherence for effectiveness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends offering preexposure prophylaxis to individuals at significant risk of infection and estimates 468,000 women in the United States are eligible for preexposure prophylaxis. Although variable individual and structural forces affect each woman's medication adherence, and therefore the effectiveness of preexposure prophylaxis, women's health care providers are uniquely positioned to screen, counsel about, and offer preexposure prophylaxis. Shared decision-making provides a framework for these clinical encounters, allowing patients and clinicians to make health care decisions together based on scientific evidence and patient experiences. By incorporating fertility desires and contraceptive needs, health care providers effectively integrate sexual and reproductive health care. Including preexposure prophylaxis in women's health services requires health care provider training and attention to lessons learned from family planning and HIV prevention. Nevertheless, obstetrician-gynecologists have an opportunity to play a critical role in reducing sexual transmission of HIV in the United States by integrating preexposure prophylaxis education and provision into their practices.

Instrumentos para articulação da rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência: construção coletiva / Instrumentos para articulación de la red de cuidado de mujeres en situación de violencia: construcción colectiva / Instruments for articulating the network of attention to women in situation of violence: collective construction

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as informações necessárias para a construção de instrumentos destinados a viabilizar a articulação de profissionais de serviços de atendimento com mulheres em situação de violência com vistas à constituição de uma rede de atenção. Método Estudo qualitativo, convergente assistencial, cujas informações foram produzidas de fevereiro a agosto de 2015 por meio de 10 encontros grupais, com 32 participantes do Grupo de Trabalho Integrado de Enfrentamento às Violências de Santa Maria-RS, situado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados Definiu-se o direcionamento do fluxo; os pontos para compor a rede; o que seria preciso comunicar entre os serviços: dados de identificação da mulher e da família, relato acerca da situação e a continuidade do cuidado. Conclusões Há necessidade de formalização institucional dos dispositivos construídos. A articulação entre os serviços requer comunicação, envolvimento e compromisso dos profissionais para garantir a continuidade do cuidado.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar el contenido necesario para construir instrumentos para facilitar la integración de profesionales de servicios a mujeres en situación de violencia con miras a la creación de una red de atención. Método Estudio cualitativo, convergente, cuya información se produjo de febrero a agosto de 2015, durante 10 sesiones de grupo, con 32 participantes del Grupo de Trabajo Integrado para Contrarrestar la Violencia de Maria Santa-RS, que se encuentra en la Universidad Federal de Santa María. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados Se definió la dirección del flujo; los puntos que componen la red; lo que se necesitaría para comunicar entre servicios: identificación de mujer y familia, informe sobre la situación y la continuidad de la atención. Conclusiones Existe una necesidad de formalización institucional de dispositivos construidos. La articulación entre los servicios requiere comunicación, participación y compromiso de los profesionales para asegurar la continuidad de la atención.

ABSTRACT Objective This paper aims at identifying all the necessary information to build instruments which are designed to facilitate the professional integration of services to women in situation of violence with a view to the establishment of a network of attention. Method Qualitative study, convergent, whose information has been produced from February to August 2015 by 10 group meetings, with 32 participants from the Integrated Working Group to Confront Violence in Santa Maria-RS, located at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Using thematic content analysis. Results It defined the flow direction; the points to compose the network; what it would take to communicate among services: identification of wife and family, report on the situation and the continuity of care. Conclusions There is a need for an institutional formalization of constructed devices. The articulation between the services requires communication, involvement and commitment of the professionals to ensure the continuity of care.

Para elas, por elas, por eles, por nós / Coleção Promoção de Saúde e Prevenção da Violência / For them, for them, for them, for us / Collection Health Promotion and Violence Prevention

Este Livro nasce da experiência de ensino, pesquisa e atuação prática do Programa Para Elas. Por Elas, Por Eles, Por Nós. A participação constitui, desde o seu começo, a base estruturante do Programa e, sem dúvida, essa é a razão do seu crescimento e da sua sustentabilidade. Sua imagem, seus símbolos e suas realizações trazem sempre a marca forte da construção coletiva e solidária. Também assim se fez este livro e para apresentá-lo trazemos as múltiplas vozes de todo Brasil que, entrelaçadas umas às outras, orientaram o caminho percorrido ao longo de quase cinco anos de trabalho: nossas ações foram inspiradas nas diretrizes expressas na Carta Para Elas, escrita e aclamada no seminário nacional que deu início ao Programa; nossos passos e nossos sonhos foram embalados pela música de Gonzaguinha; os versos de Cora Coralina foram a voz das mulheres...(AU)

The lived experience of homeless women: insights gained as a specialist practitioner.

ABSTRACT In this article, insights into the lived experience of homeless women arising from a PhD study on the specialist role of the SCPHN in homelessness are presented. A key narrative text of a rough sleeping pregnant woman is included. The reflexive narrative study, used an eclectic, philosophical framework which included reflective practice/guidance, narrative inquiry, and storytelling methodologies. Story texts uniquely illuminated complex knowledge about homelessness and homeless health care. Homeless women were found to be a heterogeneous group which included former health professionals. The women's stories were often shocking; they were frequently contextualised against a background of service exclusion, including GP services, learning disability services, mental health services, housing services and social services. The role of the specialist nurse (SCPHN) in engagement with homeless people is illuminated. A therapeutic model of 'Effective Engagement with Homeless People and Homeless Families' is presented to guide health professionals in holistic care. The author invites the reader to dialogue within their teams on how homeless people are included or excluded from SCPHN services. In this way, the term 'audiencing' rather than transferability of findings is used in a continuing dialogue with the reader to improve the health and wellbeing of homeless women.

Integrating intimate partner violence assessment and intervention into healthcare in the United States: a systems approach.

The Institute of Medicine, United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and national healthcare organizations recommend screening and counseling for intimate partner violence (IPV) within the US healthcare setting. The Affordable Care Act includes screening and brief counseling for IPV as part of required free preventive services for women. Thus, IPV screening and counseling must be implemented safely and effectively throughout the healthcare delivery system. Health professional education is one strategy for increasing screening and counseling in healthcare settings, but studies on improving screening and counseling for other health conditions highlight the critical role of making changes within the healthcare delivery system to drive desired improvements in clinician screening practices and health outcomes. This article outlines a systems approach to the implementation of IPV screening and counseling, with a focus on integrated health and advocacy service delivery to support identification and interventions, use of electronic health record (EHR) tools, and cross-sector partnerships. Practice and policy recommendations include (1) ensuring staff and clinician training in effective, client-centered IPV assessment that connects patients to support and services regardless of disclosure; (2) supporting enhancement of EHRs to prompt appropriate clinical care for IPV and facilitate capturing more detailed and standardized IPV data; and (3) integrating IPV care into quality and meaningful use measures. Research directions include studies across various health settings and populations, development of quality measures and patient-centered outcomes, and tests of multilevel approaches to improve the uptake and consistent implementation of evidence-informed IPV screening and counseling guidelines.