RESUMEN
Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic, recurrent skin disease belonging to the spectrum of psoriasis. It is characterized by an eruption of sterile pustules on the palms and soles. Recent studies in PPP have focused on genetic differences between pustular phenotypes and the role of the innate immunological system and the microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Mutations in IL36RN (a major predisposing factor for generalized pustular psoriasis) were found in selected patients with PPP and were associated with earlier disease onset. Studies have shown that the interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-36 pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of PPP. A microbiome has been demonstrated in the vesicopustules of PPP, and an abundance of Staphylococcus appears to be increased by smoking. Improved understanding of the underlying etiopathogenesis of PPP has led to advances in treatment options, and targeted therapies for PPP have been evaluated or are under evaluation against more than 12 molecules in ongoing clinical trials. These targets include CXCR2 (IL-8 receptor type B), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor, IL-1 receptor, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17 receptor, IL-36 receptor, phosphodiesterase-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/genética , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Microbiota/inmunología , Psoriasis/etiología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Administración Cutánea , Administración Oral , Biopsia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Comorbilidad , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacología , Humanos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Mutación , Fototerapia/métodos , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Psoriasis/psicología , Psoriasis/terapia , Calidad de Vida , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Factores de Riesgo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/inmunología , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The airway microbiome has an important role in asthma pathophysiology. However, little is known on the relationships between the airway microbiome of asthmatic children, loss of asthma control, and severe exacerbations. Here we report that the microbiota's dynamic patterns and compositions are related to asthma exacerbations. We collected nasal blow samples (n = 319) longitudinally during a clinical trial at 2 time-points within one year: randomization when asthma is under control, and at time of early loss of asthma control (yellow zone (YZ)). We report that participants whose microbiota was dominated by the commensal Corynebacterium + Dolosigranulum cluster at RD experience the lowest rates of YZs (p = 0.005) and have longer time to develop at least 2 episodes of YZ (p = 0.03). The airway microbiota have changed from randomization to YZ. A switch from the Corynebacterium + Dolosigranulum cluster at randomization to the Moraxella- cluster at YZ poses the highest risk of severe asthma exacerbation (p = 0.04). Corynebacterium's relative abundance at YZ is inversely associated with severe exacerbation (p = 0.002).
Asunto(s)
Asma/diagnóstico , Fluticasona/uso terapéutico , Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped/inmunología , Microbiota/inmunología , Simbiosis/inmunología , Administración por Inhalación , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/inmunología , Asma/microbiología , Carnobacteriaceae/inmunología , Carnobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Moraxella/inmunología , Moraxella/aislamiento & purificación , Mucosa Nasal/inmunología , Mucosa Nasal/microbiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus/inmunología , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Brote de los Síntomas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the oleoresin Copaifera reticulata Ducke against Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SCP) isolated from otitis externa in dogs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oleoresin were determined by broth microdilution method. In addition, we verified the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates of SCP by agar diffusion method. Eight classes of antimicrobial were used to calculate the multidrug resistance. The chemical composition of the oleoresin was performed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and β-caryophyllene, β-bisabolene, and (E)-α-bergamotene were the main compounds found. The copaiba oleoresin showed a MIC90 of 0.164mg/mL and a CBM90 of 1.3mg/mL. The multidrug resistance was found in 27% of the strains tested. The results suggest that copaiba oleoresin has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity even in multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive strains.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o potencial antimicrobiano do oleorresina de Copaifera reticulata Ducke em isolados de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) provenientes de casos de otite externa em cães. O método de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizado para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) de oleorresina de copaíba. Em adição, foi determinado o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados de SCP pelo método de difusão em ágar. Oito classes de antimicrobianos foram usadas para o cálculo de multirresistência antimicrobiana. A determinação da composição química do oleorresina de copaíba foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS), sendo que β-cariofileno, β-bisaboleno e (E)-α-bergamoteno foram os compostos majoritários. O oleorresina de copaíba demonstrou CIM90 de 0,164mg/mL e CBM90 de 1,31mg/mL. A multirresistência foi verificada em 27% das cepas testadas. Os resultados sugerem que o oleorresina de copaíba exerceu atividade bacteriostática e bactericida mesmo em cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros/microbiología , Otitis/microbiología , Otitis/veterinaria , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Productos con Acción AntimicrobianaRESUMEN
Inhibitex, under license from BioResearch, is developing Veronate, an antibody-based immunotherapy for the potential prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida infections in very-low-birth-weight infants. Phase III clinical trials of Veronate are ongoing.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis/prevención & control , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Sepsis/prevención & control , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Antiinfecciosos/farmacocinética , Candida/inmunología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/farmacocinética , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Infusiones Intravenosas , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Potential relationships between amino acid motifs in the antigen binding groove of various alleles of the bovine major histocompatibility complex DR (BoLA-DR) molecule and occurrence of clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus species (non-Staphylococcus aureus) were investigated in a case-control study. A significant association (P< or =0.05) was detected between the presence of glutamic acid at position beta 74 and occurrence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp. with a relative risk of 11. This motif is present in BoLA-DRB3.2*22, *23 and *24 alleles. Presence of a positively charged residue (arginine or lysine) at position 13 also showed a tendency (P< o r=0.1) towards an association with a higher risk of clinical mastitis caused by the same bacteria. This motif is present in BoLA-DRB3.2*23 and *8 alleles. Similarly, presence of arginine at position beta 71 (present in alleles *23 and *22) was associated with occurrence of this disease. These positions (beta 13, beta 71 and beta 74) form pocket 4 of the antigen binding groove, which plays an instrumental role in antigen binding and recognition by T-lymphocytes. Thus, it can be concluded that pocket 4 of the BoLA-DR molecule is involved in conferring susceptibility to clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/inmunología , Mastitis Bovina/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Alelos , Secuencias de Aminoácidos/genética , Secuencias de Aminoácidos/inmunología , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Bovinos , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Femenino , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/metabolismo , Mastitis Bovina/metabolismo , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The article analyses the treatment of 12 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis in whom the titers of specific antibodies against microflora causing peritonitis were corrected in the period of secondary immunodeficiency. The authors suggest a new method for the treatment of peritonitis which is based on inclusion of convalescents' plasma after peritonitis in the therapeutic complex. This plasma contains specific antibodies against the cultured microflora in high titers and is a polyvalent hyperimmune medium which makes it possible to cause an effect on the level of humoral immunity. This improved the results of treatment: the titres of specific antibodies against the cultured microflora grew, such complications of diffuse peritonitis as the formation of circumscribed abscesses in the abdominal cavity and suppuration of the postoperative wound were encountered less frequently, mortality reduced by 16.6% as compared to the control group. The efficacy of the suggested methods was also proved in experiments on 164 animals.
Asunto(s)
Sueros Inmunes/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Peritonitis/terapia , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/efectos de los fármacos , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Terapia Combinada , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Humanos , Klebsiella/inmunología , Peritonitis/inmunología , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Pseudomonas/inmunología , Ratas , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Terrilytin and immobilized terrilytin enhance the activity and intensity of phagocytosis and increase the concentration of lysozyme in nonimmunized animals. Both preparations increase the production of antibodies to staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin, the titers of beta-lysins, the activity and intensity of the phagocytosis of bacterial cells by peripheral blood leukocytes in animals immunized with staphylococcal toxoid and challenged with live staphylococcal culture. In healthy animals terrilytin and immobilized terrilytin induce an increase in total proteolytic activity and in the activity of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin, decreased as the result of staphylococcal infection.
Asunto(s)
Amilasas/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/uso terapéutico , Inmunización , Péptido Hidrolasas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Toxoide Estafilocócico/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Combinación de Medicamentos/uso terapéutico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Conejos , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The possibility of enhancing specific immunity by the oral administration of homologous antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin in a dose of 50 I. U./kg b. w. before the first feeding was shown in 75 newborn infants with a high risk of staphylococcal infection. 24 hours after the first administration of Ig the titer of staphylococcal anti-alpha toxin in the blood rose from 0.68 +/- 0.05 I. U./ml to 2.9 +/- 0.14 I. U/ml, on day 7 this titer persisted at the level of 2.86 +/- 0.12 I. U./ml, and 3 months later the titer was 1.5 +/- 0.05 I. U./ml. No side effects were observed. In the reference group (50 infants) antitoxic titers remained low. No suppurative-septic diseases were observed in the test group within 3 months, while in the controls, focal forms of staphylococcal infection (12 cases) and sepsis (1 case) were registered.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Inmunoglobulinas/administración & dosificación , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Administración Oral , Animales , Antitoxinas/análisis , Toxinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Inmunización Pasiva , Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The data obtained in the experimental study of the humoral factors of local and systemic immunity, as well as the morphofunctional changes of internal organs, after multiple subcutaneous and aerosol immunization with the combined preparation of Proteus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli antigens (preparation nC-4) are presented. The subcutaneous and aerosol administration of preparation nC-4 has been found to induce an increase in the levels of antibodies to all components of the preparation in the blood serum and in respiratory tract secretions. The introduction of the preparation through the respiratory tract resulted in an earlier intensive accumulation of specific antibodies and IgA in respiratory tract secretions. The results of the quantitative cytological study of respiratory tract secretions and the morphofunctional changes of the lymphoid tissue associated with the lungs are indicative of an important role played by cell-mediated immunity factors in the formation of local postvaccinal immunity.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Antígenos Bacterianos/administración & dosificación , Aerosoles , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Inmunización/métodos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Klebsiella pneumoniae/inmunología , Proteus/inmunología , Conejos , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Antitoxic and antibacterial equine gamma globulin for the treatment of staphylococcal infection has been developed and introduced into medical practice. The pronounced effectiveness of the preparation has been demonstrated in comparison with the ineffectiveness of traditional therapeutic measures. The development of mild forms of the serum disease in 33% of cases indicates that further investigations on the purification of gamma globulin preparations are necessary.
Asunto(s)
Staphylococcus/inmunología , gammaglobulinas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Caballos/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunización/métodos , Inmunización Pasiva , Ratones , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Toxoide Estafilocócico/inmunología , gammaglobulinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The present investigation has revealed that in mice, immunized with preparation HC-4 (an immunostimulating agent consisting of water-soluble antigenic complexes obtained from 4 opportunistic microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus, Proteus and Escherichia coli K-100 having a common antigen with Haemophilus influenzae) and challenged with K. pneumoniae culture on day 7 after immunization, the complete elimination of K. pneumoniae from the blood occurs within 24 hours. The subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with the above preparation leads to a significant increase in antibody titers, determined in the passive hemagglutination test with Klebsiella diagnosticum. The test of the passive protection of mice from Klebsiella sepsis has revealed a rise in the preventive activity of the sera of rabbits immunized with this preparation.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva/métodos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Formación de Anticuerpos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Infecciones por Klebsiella/prevención & control , Ratones , Proteus/inmunología , Conejos , Solubilidad , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Physiotherapeutic and other methods were employed for the treatment of patients with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (CNB), chronic bronchitis with transient obstruction of the small bronchi of inflammatory genesis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis (CAB) and chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). The level of secretory IgA and relative E-RFC number in the bronchial wash off, lysozyme concentration, the level of IgA and titer of heterophilic normal antibodies in the saliva were assessed. The content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood was studied. The results were assessed with a method of discrete-dynamic analysis. It was established that the incorporation of inductothermia with ethonium-electrophoresis and the magnetic field effect on the thyroid in CAB and inductothermia with ethonium-electrophoresis in COB in the complex of therapeutic measures produced a positive effect. In CNB (inactive phase) and COB patients inductothermia resulted in restoration of some interrelationships in the immune system whereas in CAB patients in their dysbalance. Different changes in the levels of interrelationships of certain parameters of the immune system were observed in the incorporation of sinusoidal modulated currents in the therapeutic complexes.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Bronquitis/inmunología , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adulto , Bronquitis/terapia , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia Combinada , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Recuento de Leucocitos , Magnetoterapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/administración & dosificación , Formación de RosetaRESUMEN
The inhibition of the formation of hypersensitivity of delayed type to staphylococcus, Proteus, blue pus bacillus and Escherichia coli was found in patients with peritonitis given complex treatment including hyperbaric oxygenation, against the background of stimulation of the antibody formation to these bacteria. The level of staphylococcal alfa-antitoxin in the blood serum remained substantially lower than that of healthy people whether the treatment included HBO or not. The data obtained show the expediency of early use of HBO in patients with peritonitis.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/biosíntesis , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/terapia , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/etiología , Peritonitis/terapia , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Adulto , Enterobacteriaceae/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/inmunología , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica , Inmunidad Celular , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Catarata/etiología , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/inmunología , Conjuntivitis/etiología , Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Dermatitis Atópica/genética , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Dermatitis Profesional/etiología , Perros , Polvo , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Preferencias Alimentarias , Dermatosis de la Mano/etiología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/genética , Inmunoglobulina E/biosíntesis , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Leucocitos/enzimología , Hidrolasas Diéster Fosfóricas/metabolismo , Polen , Prueba de Radioalergoadsorción , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The study carried out in mice with experimental Klebsiella sepsis has revealed that Staphylococcus, Proteus and E. coli antigenic complexes used as monovaccines ensure the protection of a definite percentage of the animals from K. pneumoniae infection. The mixture of these 3 preparations possesses a higher protective potency. The immunogenic potency of K. pneumoniae antigenic complex used as a component of combined vaccines with 2 or 4 components has proved to be sufficiently high and not inferior to the potency of K. pneumoniae monovaccine.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/inmunología , Proteus/inmunología , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunización , Infecciones por Klebsiella/prevención & control , Ratones , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Fetales/inmunología , Inmunización/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Toxoide Estafilocócico/inmunología , Animales , Antitoxinas/análisis , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Enfermedades Fetales/microbiología , Embarazo , Ratas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The comparative experimental study of the therapeutic action of staphylococcal antigenic complex obtained by the method of aqueous extraction, corpuscular formalinized vaccine and commercial staphylococcal preparations (native toxoid and antiphagin) revealed the statistically significant difference in the process of the healing of local dermatonecrotic inflammation in the rabbits treated with staphylococcal antigenic complex in comparison with the untreated rabbits.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antígenos de Superficie/administración & dosificación , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Necrosis , Conejos , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Toxoide Estafilocócico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The titers of agglutinins to homologous and heterologous staphylococcal strains in the colostric sera of female rabbits immunized into the mammary gland tissue and in the colostric and blood sera of the control female rabbits were studied. Immunization into the mammary gland tissue induced an increase in the titers of colostric antibodies to both homologous and heterologous staphylococcal strains (1:320 and 1:160, respectively). Secretory IgA were predominant among antistaphylococcal antibodies in rabbit colostrum.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Calostro/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Vacunación , Animales , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/análisis , Conejos , Especificidad de la Especie , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations on the plasmocytic reaction of the spleen and agglutinin titer in mice with experimental staphylococcal infection was studied. The infected mice were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group included untreated infected animals, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups consisted of the mice treated with lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations respectively. Lincomycin and chymotrypsin were used in doses of 150 and 2 mg/kg respectively. By the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day of the infection and treatment the animals were decapitated, th blood was collected for determination of the staphylococcal agglutinin titers in the serum, the spleens were removed for investigation of the plasmocytic reaction. It was shown that the treatment of the experimental staphylococcal infection with lincomycin resulted in decreased proliferation of the plasmatic cells and antibody formation. The use of chymotrypsin resulted in increased proliferation of the plasmatic cells and specific antibody titer. The use of chymotrypsin in conjunction with lincomycin lowered the suppressing effect of the latter on the above indices.