Skin-Mountable Biosensors and Therapeutics: A Review.

Miniaturization of electronic components and advances in flexible and stretchable materials have stimulated the development of wearable health care systems that can reflect and monitor personal health status by health care professionals. New skin-mountable devices that offer seamless contact onto the human skin, even under large deformations by natural motions of the wearer, provide a route for both high-fidelity monitoring and patient-controlled therapy. This article provides an overview of several important aspects of skin-mountable devices and their applications in many medical settings and clinical practices. We comprehensively describe various transdermal sensors and therapeutic systems that are capable of detecting physical, electrophysiological, and electrochemical responses and/or providing electrical and thermal therapies and drug delivery services, and we discuss the current challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in the field. Finally, we present ways to protect the embedded electronic components of skin-mountable devices from the environment by use of mechanically soft packaging materials.

The expression and function of Frizzled-7 in human renal cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Wnt/b-catenin has emerged as an important signal pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis. Frizzled 7 (Fzd7) is a member of Frizzled (Fzd) receptor family which binds with Wnt ligands and transduces canonical and non-canonical pathways. However, the expression of Fzd7 in human RCC is poorly investigated. Methods: 53 RCC tissues and peri-tumor tissues were collected from the patients treated with radical nephrectomy. The expression of Fzd7 was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Three RCC cells were transfected with Fzd7shRNA and GFPshRNA to investigate the function of Fzd7 in RCC cells. Results: The immunohistochemical analysis showed that Fzd7 protein expression level was significantly increased in RCC tissues when compared with peri-tumor tissues, which suggested that Fzd7 might be involved in the formation of tumors. However, the Fzd7 expression was not correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Three RCC cell lines: 786-O, Caki-1, and OS-RC-2 also expressed Fzd7. With Fzd7 expression being interfered by shRNA, the RCC cell proliferation was mildly decreased. Wnt3a could stimulate the RCC cells proliferation, but the stimulation was decreased when Fzd7 expression was interfered. Restoring the Fzd7 expression led to the proliferation stimulation effect of Wnt3a being restored. Conclusions: This paper suggests that Fzd7 may act as one of the molecules that take part in the course of RCC formation. Fzd7 can be activated by Wnt3a to stimulate cell proliferation (AU)

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Etnobotánica farmacéutica en la Sierra de Grazalema / Etnobotânica farmacêutica em Grazalema / Pharmaceutical Ethnobotany in Grazalema

La pérdida de los saberes tradicionales acumulados durante miles de años, que han servido para garantizar la supervivencia de las comunidades, supone un impacto cultural que provoca el plantearse la importancia y necesidad de recopilar éstos conocimientos antes de su desaparición. Por otra parte, el Parque Natural Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz) es un territorio protegido (Reserva de la Biosfera desde 1977 y Parque Natural desde 1984) que cuenta con una amplia variedad de especies vegetales y cuya poblacion está estrechamente ligada al medio. El aprovechamiento que tradicionalmente se ha realizado de sus recursos vegetales y animales ha sido el sustento económico y social de la zona, favoreciendo la conservacion de la misma y, sin embargo, no existen trabajos etnobotánicos especificos previos. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la recuperacion del patrimonio cultural tradicional sobre el uso de las plantas que los habitantes de la Sierra de Grazalema han desarrollado durante largo tiempo (AU)

A perda do conhecimento tradicional, que tem sido acumulado durante milhares de anos e que tem contribuido para a sobrevivencia das comunidades, pode originar um impacto cultural que faz com que se reconsidere a importancia e a necessidade de reunir esse conhecimento antes do seu desaparecimento total. Alem disso, o Parque Natural Serra de Grazalema (Cádiz) e uma área protegida (Reserva da Biosfera desde 1977 e Parque Natural desde 1984), que apresenta uma grande variedade de especies vegetais, e cuja populagáo está intimamente ligada ao meio ambiente. O aproveitamento que tradicionalmente se tem realizado com os seus recursos vegetais e animais tem sido o sustento economico e social da regiáo, favorecendo a preservagáo dos mesmos, porem, sem haver trabalho etnobotenico especifico anterior. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de contribuir para a recuperagáo do patrimonio cultural tradicional sobre o uso de plantas que os habitantes da Serra de Grazalema desenvolveram durante muito tempo (AU)

The loss of the traditional knowledge, that has been accumulated during thousands of years and that has contributed to the survival of the communities, implies a cultural impact that causes the reconsideration of the significance and the need of gathering this knowledge before its total disappearance. On the other side, the Natur l Park Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz, Spain) is a protected area (Biosphere Reserve since 1977 and Natural Park since 1984) with a wide variety of plant species that are closely linked to the environment. The traditional utilisation of its plant and animal resources has been the economic and social support of the area, a fact contributing to its preservation but, however, there are not previous specific ethnobotanical works. This work tries to contribute to the recovery of the traditional cultural heritage related to the use of plants that the inhabitants of the Sierra de Grazalema have developed during a long time (AU)

Últimos avances en páncreas y vías biliares / Pancreas and biliary tract: recent developments

La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una enfermedad frecuente, asociada a una importante morbilidad y con una mortalidad considerable. En el presente artículo se revisan las novedades acerca de esta enfermedad presentadas en la Digestive Disease Week 2014. La esteatosis pancreática podría ser causa de PA recurrente. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tienen una incidencia aumentada de PA y cáncer de páncreas. El uso de fármacos anti-TNF en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal podría proteger frente al desarrollo de PA. La presencia de pancreas divisum protege frente a PA de origen biliar. El sistema PANCODE, para describir complicaciones locales de PA, tiene una buena variabilidad interobservador adaptada a las nuevas definiciones de la clasificación revisada de Atlanta. El uso de antibioterapia profiláctica precoz en PA predispone al desarrollo de infecciones intraabdominales fúngicas. El secuestro de fluidos en PA se asocia a edad joven, etiología alcohólica y criterios de síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. La causa más frecuente de mortalidad en PA es el fallo multiorgánico precoz, no la infección de necrosis pancreática. Pacientes con PA y déficit de vitamina D podrían beneficiarse de suplementos de esta vitamina. La administración moderada de fluidos en urgencias (500 a 1.000 ml) podría asociarse a mejor evolución de PA

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease that is associated with significant morbidity and considerable mortality. In this article, developments relating to this disease that were presented in DDW 2014 are reviewed. Pancreatic steatosis could be a cause of recurrent AP. Patients with DM have an increased incidence of AP and pancreatic cancer. The use of anti-TNF drugs in inflammatory bowel disease may protect against the occurrence of AP. The presence of pancreas divisum protects against acute biliary pancreatitis. The PANCODE system for describing local complications of AP has good interobserver agreement, when the new definitions of the revised Atlanta classification are applied. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in early-stage AP predisposes the development of intra-abdominal fungal infections. Fluid sequestration in AP is linked with young age, alcoholism and indicators of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The most common cause of mortality in AP is early onset of multiple organ failure, not pancreatic necrosis infection. Patients with AP and vitamin D deficiency could benefit from taking vitamin D supplements. Moderate fluid administration in emergencies (500-1000 mL) could be associated with better AP development

She will give birth easily: therapeutic approaches to childbirth in 1st millennium BCE cuneiform sources

This article offers, in the first place, an overview on women's healthcare in relation to childbirth in ancient Mesopotamia, as an introduction that helps to evaluate the meaning of the 7th century Assur text BAM 248 within therapeutic cuneiform texts on childbirth. We proceed to analyse the variety of therapeutic approaches to childbirth present in BAM 248, which brings together various healing devices to help a woman give birth quickly and safely. We analyse the text in its entirety as an example of intersection between different medical approaches to childbirth, given the number of differences in the complexity of remedies, in the materia medica employed, in the methods of preparation and application, even in the technical knowledge required and also, most probably, in the social origin and/or use of the remedies in question (AU)

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Estudio estadístico de la acción terapéutica del ácido retinoico tópico en los trastornos de queratinización / A statistical study of the topical retinoid´s therapeutic action in keratin disorders

Los retinoides han adquirido con el paso del tiempo la condición de fármaco indispensable en la práctica clínica diaria tras la observación de un gran número de resultados efectivos en un amplio abanico de procesos cutáneos. De hecho, los retinoides son los fármacos de elección en el tratamiento de los trastornos importantes de la queratinización. Ello se debe al amplio espectro de acción que poseen, el cual a su vez se explica por la gran diversidad de actividades farmacológicas que tienen los retinoides debido a los efectos que se derivan de la acción que ejercen sobre receptores celulares. Estas acciones incluyen, entre otras, la normalización de los desórdenes de queratinización al inducir el crecimiento de una nueva población de queratinocitos de apariencia normal. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal demostrar la efectividad que tiene la aplicación de ácido retinoico al 0,1% para el tratamiento del heloma neurovascular, una lesión dérmica que si bien su primera opción terapéutica es actualmente la extirpación quirúrgica, en ciertas ocasiones nos veremos obligados a recurrir a otra estrategia terapéutica. Será en estos casos en los que los retinoides tópicos constituirán un fármaco de elección para el tratamiento del trastorno de queratinización que se desarrolla durante la formación del heloma neuro vascular. Asimismo, otro objetivo de este estudio es valorar la efectividad de la aplicación de retinoides por via tópica como elemento coadyuvante al tratamiento ortopodológico (AU)

The success of retinoids in dermatology and skin care has made these chemical compounds to be a potential treatment for skin and dermatological diseases, being a key compound in the treatment of keratin disorders. Retinoids work by triggering molecular switches in skin cells called retinoid receptors. These switches affect many intracellular processes including the control of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. All these functions determine their usefulness in clinical dermatology being effective in the treatment of a number of dermatological conditions. The principal objective of the following article is to show retinoid acid cream 0,1% effect in the treatment of a specific keratin disorder, the neurovascular corn. The neurovascular corn is a dermatological disease whose principal treatment is the surgical excision. However, we should resort to others therapeutic strategies in different cases. Is in these situations when the retinoid acid will be a key compound for the treatment of the keratin disorder that takes place during the neurovascular corn evolution. Another objective of this study is to value the effectiveness of the retinoid acid cream as an adjuvant treatment of foot orthoses. An exploration protocol has been developed to covers from statistical dates to a clinical and dermoscopic exam of each neurovascular corn. Finally, a pain scale has been designed to value the degree of pain before starting the treatment and once topic treatment is completed. Based on the results we can conclude that topical retinoids are a very effective therapeutic tool in the treatment of dermatological conditions that are accompanied by a keratin disorder (AU)

Quiste subcondral a nivel de la articulación interfalángicaproximal en una potranca criolla colombiana: reporte de caso / Subchondral cyst in the proximal interphalangeal joint in a paso fino colombian horse: a case report / Cisto subcondral na articulação proximal interfalângicaem um potro crioulo colombiano: relato de caso

Se reporta el caso de una paciente equina, evaluada por Especial•Vet práctica privada, la cual presentaba alexamen clínico ortopédico un grado de claudicación II/V en ambos miembros posteriores (según clasificaciónde la AAEP), la cual no presento mejoría después de realizar un tratamiento médico de tipo parenteral confenilbutazona. Posteriormente se realizó un nuevo examen clínico ortopédico en el cual se realizó bloqueoanestésico perineural abaxial en ambos miembros posteriores encontrando una mejoría del 90% con respectoal grado de claudicación inicial. Se realizó evaluación radiológica digital, con las siguientes proyecciones:dorso plantar y lateromedial en las cuales se evidenció un área radiolúcida circunscrita a nivel del terciodistal de la primera falange, con comunicación a la articulación interfalángica proximal en ambos miembros posteriores, seguidamente se realizó evaluación ultrasonográfica en la cual se observa un área anecóica y lafalta de continuidad de la superficie ósea a nivel de la articulación interfalángica proximal de ambos miembrosposteriores. Estableciendo de esta forma como diagnóstico definitivo quiste subcondral a nivel del tercio distalde la primera falange, con comunicación a la articulación interfalángica proximal. Se realizó infiltración conacetato de triamcinolona, betametasona y ácido hialurónico a nivel intrarticular; antibioterapia de maneraprofiláctica al procedimiento, descanso en pesebrera por 4 semanas y reincorporación al ejercicio de maneraprogresiva, suministro de complementos condroprotectores de manera enteral (Flexequin® 40 gr/día VO yCortaflex® 20 ml/día VO). Al momento de la publicación de este artículo, la paciente no presenta ningún gradode claudicación y se encuentra realizando un trabajo físico y atlético normal.

We report the case of an equine patient, assessed by Especial Vet private practice, whose orthopedic clinicalexamination showed a degree of lameness II / V in both hind limbs (according to AAEP classification), whichdemonstrated no improvement after medical treatment with parenteral phenylbutazone. Subsequently a neworthopedic clinical examination was performed in which an abaxial, perineural anesthetic block was applied to both hind legs, which produced 90% improvement compared to the initial degree of lameness. Digital radiographicevaluation was performed with the following results: dorsal-plantar and lateral-medial images which showeda circumscribed, radiolucent area at the level of the distal third of the first phalanx, with communication to theproximal interphalangeal joint on both hind limbs. Following, an ultrasound evaluation was carried out in whichthere was an anechoic area and lack of continuity of the bone surface at the proximal interphalangeal joint of bothhind limbs. These findings established a definitive diagnosis of a subchondral bone cyst at the distal third of the firstphalanx, with communication to the proximal interphalangeal joint. Intra-articular infiltration was performed with triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone and hyaluronic acid; antibiotics as prophylaxis, rest in a stable for 4 weekswith a gradual return to exercise, and provision of enteral, chondroprotective supplements (p.o. Flexequin ® 40 gr/day and p.o. Cortaflex ® 20ml/day). At the time of publication of this article, the patient does not present any degreeof lameness and is performing normal athletic and physical activity.

Relatamos um caso de um paciente eqüino, avaliado pela prática privada Especial Vet, cujo exame clínicoortopédico mostrou um grau de claudicação II / V em ambos os membros posteriores (de acordo com aclassificação do AAEP), o qual não demonstrou melhora após o tratamento médico com fenilbutazona parenteral.Após a aplicação de um bloqueio anestésico perineural abaxial em ambas as pernas traseiras, foi realizadoum novo exame clínico ortopédico, mostrando uma melhora de 90% em comparação com o grau inicial declaudicação. Realizou-se também uma avaliação radiográfica digital obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: imagensdorso-plantar e latero-medial que mostrou uma área radiolúcida circunscrita ao nível do terço distal da primeirafalange, com comunicação para a articulação interfalângica proximal em ambos os membros posteriores. E após,a realização de um ultra-som, verificou-se que houve uma área anecóica e falta de continuidade da superfície óssea ao nível da articulação interfalângica proximal dos dois membros posteriores. Desta forma estabeleceu umdiagnóstico definitivo de um cisto ósseo subcondral no terço distal da primeira falange, com comunicação para aarticulação interfalângica proximal. Uma infiltração intra-articular foi realizada com acetato de triamcinolona,betametasona e ácido hialurônico; antibióticos como profilaxia, um descanso em estábulo durante 4 semanas, com um retorno gradual aos exercícios, e administração de suplementos condroprotetores de maneira enteral(Flexequin® 40 gr/día VO e Cortaflex® 20 ml/día VO). No momento da publicação deste artigo, o paciente nãoapresenta qualquer grau de claudicação e está realizando atividades atléticas e físicas normais.

Endometriosis infiltrante: Revisión de tema / Deep endometriosis: a review

La endometriosis infiltrante o profunda se define como la presencia de lesiones endometriales que infiltran el tejido más de 5mm, se ubican en el retroperitoneo en sitios diferentes a la endometriosis común y comprometen diferentes estructuras u órganos como intestino, uréter, vejiga, ligamentos útero sacros y región rectovaginal, pudiendo alterar la calidad de vida de la mujer. Los síntomas más frecuentes incluyen la dismenorrea, la dispareunia y la disquexia. Una aproximación al diagnóstico incluye la historia clínica con énfasis en los síntomas dolorosos de la endometriosis profunda, el examen físico con evaluación de la pelvis y las ayudas diagnósticas que dependen del sistema comprometido y que van desde la eco transvaginal, ecotransrectal y/o resonancia magnética, hasta el colon por enema con doble contraste y la urografía excretora o el urotac. La cirugía es la opción más efectiva para el tratamiento en el tiempo dependiendo del sitio de ubicación y el compromiso de los diferentes órganos; sin embargo, el tratamiento farmacológico es una conducta vigente y con indicaciones precisas que pudiera ser la opción principal o complementaria, a pesar de la recurrencias de los síntomas o de las lesiones. Dado que la endometriosis infiltrante o profunda es una enfermedad multisistémica, debe ser manejada por un equipo multidisciplinario.

This paper is a review of infiltrating or deep endometriosis and includes the definition, clinic, diagnostic tools and different options of medical and surgical treatment. Deep endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial injuries that infiltrate the tissue in more than 5mm. are located in the retro-peritoneum in different places than the common endometriosis which jeopardize different structures and organs such as: intestine, ureter. bladder, uterosacral ligaments and the rectovaginal area, being able to alter the woman's quality of life. The most frequent symptoms include dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and dysquexia. An approach to the diagnosis includes a good clinical history with emphasis in the painful symptoms. Physical examination with pelvis evaluation and the diagnostic tools that depend on the jeopardized system and includes transvaginal ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance, colon by enema with double contrast and the excretory urography or urotae. Surgery is the most effective option for the treatment at this time. Depending on the location and the involvement of the different organs; nevertheless, pharmacological treatment with precise indications is a valid conduct and could be the main or a complementary option, in spite of the recurrences of symptoms or injuries. Since the infiltrating or deep endometriosis is a multi-systemic disease, it must be handled by a multidisciplinary team.

Proceso de atención de enfermería a un paciente con insuficiencia renal aguda / No disponible

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