The prevalence, incidence, and admission rate of diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Korea, 2008-2017: A nationwide population-based study using claims big data analysis.

This study estimated the prevalence and incidence rate of schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders (SSDD) in Korea from 2008 to 2017 and analyzed the hospital admission rate, re-admission rate, and hospitalization period. It used the Korean nationwide National Health Insurance Service claims database. SSDD patients who had at least one visit to Korea's primary, secondary, or tertiary referral hospitals with a diagnosis of SSDD, according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), were identified as SSDD cases if coded as F20-F29. Data were analyzed using frequency statistics. Results showed that the 12-month prevalence rate of SSDD increased steadily from 0.40% in 2008 to 0.45% in 2017. Analysis of the three-year cumulative prevalence rate of SSDD showed an increase from 0.51% in 2011 to 0.54% in 2017. In 2017, the five-year cumulative prevalence rate was 0.61%, and the 10-year cumulative prevalence rate was 0.75%. The hospital admission rate among SSDD patients decreased from 2008 (30.04%) to 2017 (28.53%). The incidence of SSDD was 0.05% and no yearly change was observed. The proportion of SSDD inpatients whose first hospital visit resulted in immediate hospitalization was 22.4% in 2017. Epidemiological indicators such as prevalence, incidence, and hospitalization rate play an important role in planning social and financial resource allocation. Therefore, efforts to produce more accurate epidemiological indicators are very important and this study's findings could have a significant social impact.

The association of schizotypal traits with Prepulse Inhibition: a double approach exploration.

Introduction: According to the fully-dimensional approach, schizotypy is a personality trait present in the population in a continuous manner while the quasi-dimensional approach emphasises its extreme presentations. In this study we examined the relationship between sensorimotor gating, a core risk-index of the schizophrenia-spectrum, and four schizotypal factors in a dimensional-wise and a dichotomising-wise approach. Methods: Two-hundred and eighty-three participants were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and were tested for Prepulse Inhibition (PPI). Associations between the schizotypal factors and startle measures were examined with stepwise regressions (dimensional-wise approach). Individuals in the lower 20% or the upper 20% for each schizotypal factor were identified and between-group comparisons were conducted (dichotomising-wise approach). Results: We found that with both approaches, only high paranoid or negative schizotypy were associated with reduced PPI. The low negative schizotypy group had prolonged onset and peak latencies, indicating that prolonged stimulus detection accompanies superior sensorimotor gating in this group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that although differentiating the effects of the various schizotypal factors is primary, the approach employed is secondary. The study also adds evidence in the literature supporting PPI as a useful endophenotypic marker of the schizophrenia-spectrum and highlights the contribution of specific aspects of schizotypy.

Exploring the Relationship Between Schizotypal Traits and Dispositional Mindfulness From a Network Perspective.

Schizotypy has been associated with impairment in social cognition (e.g., emotional processing, social perception, Theory of Mind). To our knowledge, no study has investigated these processes in terms of dispositional mindfulness. This study aimed to use network theory to explore the relationship between dispositional mindfulness dimensions and schizotypal traits. Participants were 1572 college students who completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B). We first estimated a Gaussian Graphical Model including the FFMQ-SF and the SPQ-B dimensions. We then computed centrality indices and predictability, and we finally conducted a bootstrapping procedure to assess the accuracy of edge weights and the stability of the centrality indices. Describing was strongly and negatively related to interpersonal schizotypy. Acting with awareness and nonjudgment shared negative edges with interpersonal schizotypy. These results provide potential keys to understand alexithymia, decreased sense of self-agency, and emotion regulation in schizotypy.

Is schizotypic maternal personality linked to sensory gating abilities during infancy?

Schizotypy is a personality dimension within the general population elevated among schizophrenia-spectrum patients and their first-degree relatives. Sensory gating is the pre-attentional habituation of responses distinguishing between important and irrelevant information. This is measured by event-related potentials, which have been found to display abnormalities in schizophrenic disorders. The current study investigated whether 6-month-old infants of mothers with schizotypic traits display sensory gating abnormalities. The paired-tone paradigm: two identical auditory tones (stimulus 1 and stimulus 2) played 500 ms apart, was used to probe the selective activation of the brain during 15-minutes of sleep. Their mothers completed the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences-Short Form as an index of schizotypy dimensionality, categorized into: infants of control, and infants of schizotypic, mothers. The findings revealed that although the infants' P50 components displayed significant differences between stimulus 1 and stimulus 2 in the paired-tone paradigm, there was no clear difference between infants of schizotypic and infants of control mothers. In contrast, all mothers displayed significant differences between stimulus 1 and stimulus 2, as observed in the infants, but also significant differences between their sensory gating ability correlated with schizotypy dimensionality. These findings are consistent with sensory processes, such as sensory gating, evidencing impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The present research supports the idea that first-degree relatives of individuals who identify on this spectrum, within the sub-clinical category, do not display the same deficit at 6 postnatal months of age.

[Neuropsychological syndromes of non-psychotic mental disorders of youthful age].

Seventy male patients with non-psychotic mental disorders of youthful age (mean age 19.2±3.7), were studied using A.R. Luria neuropsychological syndrome analysis. Patients were stratified into 3 groups by diagnosis: cyclothymia (20 patients), pubertal decompensation of schizoid personality disorder (30 patients) and schizotypal personality disorder (20 patients). It has been shown that the neuropsychological changes indicate the dysfunction of the amygdale/temporal region in patients of the first group and frontal/thalamic/parietal connections in the patients of two other groups. There were interhemispheric differences between patients with personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder: left hemisphere dysfunction was characteristic of schizotypal disorder and right hemisphere deficit (neurocognitive deficit) was found in patients with personality disorder.

Minor physical anomalies and vulnerability in prodromal youth.

Because both the brain and craniofacial/limb features originate from the same germinal layer during early gestation, the postnatal presence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) involving these physical features may be indicative of defects in prenatal neural migration and consequent brain abnormalities among individuals with psychosis. However, to date it is unknown what symptoms and characteristics MPAs may be associated with, or how these markers may reflect vulnerability among adolescents at high-risk for developing psychosis. This information is particularly vital for understanding susceptibility and informing etiological conceptualizations such as the neural diathesis-stress model. In this study, 50 adolescents with a prodromal syndrome were evaluated for MPAs, salivary cortisol, auditory and visual memory function, and attenuated positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms. Results indicated that the participants showing elevated MPAs (n=25) were distinguished by elevated cortisol, deficit immediate and delayed visual memory, and higher levels of disorganized prodromal symptoms when compared with those participants exhibiting a lower incidence of MPAs. This was supported by supplementary correlational analyses examining the entire sample. These findings provide preliminary support for a theory that MPAs may reflect hippocampal system vulnerability among prodromal patients.

Effect of a context of concrete and abstract words on hallucinatory content in individuals scoring high in schizotypy.

The present study examined the occurrence and content of auditory hallucinatory experiences in 41 non-clinical participants scoring high or low on the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (brief version; OLIFE-B) measure of schizotypy. Participants listened to 10 1-min recordings of white noise, some of which contained embedded concrete or abstract words, and were asked to record the words that they had heard. High scorers on the unusual experiences (UE) scale of the OLIFE-B reported hearing more words, not actually present, relative to low scorers on that measure. In addition, high UE scorers showed a bias toward making hallucinatory reports of an abstract type over a concrete type. These results suggest a bias toward more auditory hallucinatory reports in high scorers in schizotypy, and particularly to those of an abstract type.

Cannabis and psychometrically-defined schizotypy: use, problems and treatment considerations.

Cannabis use is associated with onset of psychosis in individuals vulnerable for developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The present study addressed three knowledge gaps pertaining to this issue: 1) clarifying the incidence of cannabis use in schizotypal individuals, 2) examining how cannabis use is related to psychosocial and physiological problems in schizotypy and interest in treatment, and 3) examining how cannabis use is associated with positive, negative and disorganization features of schizotypy. Scores from a measure of schizotypal traits were used to trichotomize 1665 young adults into schizotypy (top 5% of scorers), non-schizotypy (bottom 50% of scorers) and "unconventional" (scorers within the 50th to 85th percentile) groups. Nearly a quarter of the schizotypy group endorsed cannabis use at least weekly, a rate nearly two to four times that of the other groups. The schizotypy group also reported a much greater frequency of cannabis-related problems compared to the other groups. Despite this, interest in treatment for cannabis use in the schizotypy group was not elevated. Interestingly, 85% of individuals in the schizotypy group reported interest in psychological/psychiatric treatment more generally. Cannabis use was not associated with abnormal patterns of positive or disorganized schizotypy traits in the schizotypy group relative to the other groups. However, cannabis use was associated with lower severity of negative traits. Implications of these results are discussed.

Meta-analysis of medical and non-medical treatments of the prodromal phase of psychotic illness in at-risk mental states.

INTRODUCTION: there are now many existing studies which assess the treatments available for 'at risk mental states', as patients who are believed to be in the prodromal phase of psychotic illness are referred to. However, concerns regarding side effects of possible treatments remain. We here conduct a meta-analysis of the studies available up to October 2010. The aim of this study is to decide what would be the best treatment for 'at high risk patients'. RESULTS: all the available studies examining potential treatments during the prodromal phase of psychotic illness were collected. They all showed comparable efficacy, which reached statistical significance, excluding the one study using olanzapine, which in fact 'tended towards significance'. DISCUSSION: treatments appear promising but a balance needs to be kept between adverse events and effectiveness of preventing psychosis. CONCLUSION: it is necessary to search further for treatments in order to identify effective treatments with fewer adverse side effects in this phase of psychotic illness.

Suggestibility, Dissociation and Positive Schizotypy / Sugestionabilidad, Disociación y Esquizotipia Positiva

94 participants, drawn from a parent sample of 1206 individuals who had previously taken part in an assessment of the factor structure of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE), were designated into groups differentiated in terms of low, moderate or high levels of positive schizotypy. All also completed the dissociative experiences scale (DES) and the Inventory of Suggestibility (IS). Our findings suggest that higher reported levels of dissociative experiences and higher suggestibility both independently predict higher scores of positive schizotypy, although suggestibility appears to be a stronger predictor than dissociation (AU)

Partimos de una muestra de 94 participantes, seleccionados de la muestra de referencia de 1206 personas que ya habían participado en un estudio que valoraba la estructura factorial del Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE). Estas 94 personas fueron asignadas en grupos diferenciados en términos de bajo, moderado o altos niveles de esquizotipia positiva. Todos completaron también la Escala de Experiencias Disociativas (DES) y el Inventario de Sugestionabilidad (IOS). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el aumento de los niveles informados de las experiencias disociativas y mayor sugestionabilidad, ambos, de forma independiente, predicen puntuaciones más altas de la esquizotipia positiva, pero la sugestión parece ser un predictor más potente que la disociación (AU)

Schizotypy and mental time travel.

Mental time travel is the capacity to imagine the autobiographical past and future. Schizotypy is a dimensional measure of psychosis-like traits found to be associated with creativity and imagination. Here, we examine the phenomenological qualities of mental time travel in highly schizotypal individuals. After recollecting past episodes (autobiographical memory) and imagining future events (episodic future thinking), those scoring highly on positive schizotypy reported a greater sense of 'autonoetic awareness,' defined as a greater feeling of mental time travel and re-living/'pre-living' imagined events. Furthermore, in contrast to other sensory domains, imagery of the past and future episodes contained more olfactory detail in these high scorers. The results are discussed in relation to previous reports of anomalous olfactory experiences in schizotypy and heightened vividness of olfactory imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder, for which schizotypy is a risk factor.

Mental imagery vividness as a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum.

We investigated the vividness of mental imagery and its possible relationship with the predisposition towards hallucinations in 52 schizophrenia (SZ) patients, 44 of their first-degree relatives (R) and two healthy control groups (high-schizotypy [CHS; n=24]; low-schizotypy [CLS; n=24]). We investigated phenomenological and cognitive trait markers of schizophrenia, including cognitive correlates of hallucinations and vividness of mental imagery, and the influence of individual psychopathology. Overall, scores on the mental imagery questionnaire (QMI [Sheehan, P.W., 1967. Reliability of a short test of imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills 25, 744.]) suggested higher mental imagery vividness in first-degree relatives, high-schizotypy controls and patients, than in low-schizotypy controls. However, vividness of mental imagery was independent of predisposition towards hallucinations and cognitive test performance scores. These results suggest that vividness of mental imagery may be a trait marker across the schizophrenia spectrum. In addition we propose that imagery proneness is relatively independent of the individual psychopathology.

[Decisions in conditional situation and theory of mind in schizotypy]. / Décisions en situation probabiliste et théorie de l'esprit dans la schizotypie.

INTRODUCTION: Theory of mind (ToM) is defined as a capacity to infer mental states, intentions, and emotions in others. Two principal theories in the field of cognitive psychology have tried to explain mechanisms underlying this capacity. Theory-theory hypothesizes that people interpret cues from others in social interactions with a folk psychology composed of data about social human behavior. In contrast, Simulation-Theory proposes a capacity to take different perspectives and mentally simulate others' behavior. As a result, one could guess a person's intention or emotion by comparison with his state of mind when he/she behaves in the same way. BACKGROUND: Difficulties in ToM have been frequently observed in schizotypal subjects and subjects with schizophrenia. Some authors have proposed that this impairment could lead to persecution delusions or be linked with disorganized thought. A tendency to make choices with few cues in conditional situation has also been observed in both populations. When they are asked to make a decision about cues they can choose to see or not, schizotypal subjects and patients with schizophrenia tend to make up their mind after significantly less cues than control subjects. This tendency has been called "jump to conclusion". OBJECTIVE: Our study tests the correlation between low performances at a ToM task and a tendency to jump to conclusion in conditional situation. PARTICIPANTS: We tested this hypothesis with 25 participants scoring high on a social anhedonia scale (J Abnorm Psychol 85 (1976) 374-382), one of the main characteristics of schizotypy, and with 20 control participants. Participants were students with a mean age of 20. We included in the experimental group, subjects with a score on social anhedonia scale superior to 17 for females and 19 for males, and seven for control participants (modal score). METHODS: We used "jar and beads", a conditional reasoning task. Two jars are presented to a participant: a white one containing 85% of white beads and 15% of black beads, and a black one filled with the opposite ratio. The participant has to decide from which jar comes successive beads shown to him. Dependent measure is the number of beads seen before decision. ToM task is an adaptation from (Schizophr Res 17 (1995) 5-13). Twenty short interactions between two characters are read to a participant. For example: John has a phone call with a friend for one hour. He says: "My mother ought to call me in a few minutes". QUESTION: What does John really mean? Cue: John adds: "I could call you tomorrow morning". QUESTION: What does John want to do? RESULTS: Results show significantly lower performances at the ToM task in experimental than in control participants (52.36 (S.D., 6.73) vs. 59.05 (S.D., 1.60); t, 4.33; p<0.001; maximum possible, 60). The experimental group asked for significantly less cues to conclude in the conditional situation (2.22-S.D., 1.29). Mean number of beads asked for in the control group was 3.05 (S.D., 1.30) and t, 2.13; p<0.05. There was no correlation between performances at conditional reasoning task and ToM task. We observed this absence of correlation in all of the participants and in the experimental and control groups separately. DISCUSSION: Absence of relationship between performances in both tasks may be attributed to a discrepancy between experimental and ecological contexts for conditional reasoning task. During interpersonal relationships, search for cues in order to make a decision about others' intentions and mental states represents a real cost in terms of energy and time. These costs are absent in the "jar and beads situation". Moreover, people with social anhedonia may attribute a special value of quickly understanding personal interactions. This conditional reasoning task does not imply this parameter. CONCLUSION: Ecological decision in conditional reasoning tasks could be approached by adding a system of points to spend, asking for more cues, or to earn, finally finding the correct answer. Decision would then depend on the ratio between possible gains, by guessing or not the correct answer, and the cost of searching for more cues before making a decision.

Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor Continuous Performance Test (CPT-0X) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Glutamate was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in the medial frontal lobes of 15 adult siblings of individuals with schizophrenia (HR) and 14 healthy volunteers (HV), all of whom also completed a Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Subjects were free of psychopathology but the HR group showed greater variability in glutamate levels. After median stratification, the high glutamate group contained a larger proportion of HR than HV subjects and scored lower on the CPT. Elevated glutamate may relate to poor sustained attention and elevated risk of schizophrenia, suggesting a potential role for glutamate in an endophenotype for schizophrenia.

Scores for schizotypy and five-factor model of a sample of distant healers: a preliminary study.

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the personality scores of 18 distant healers on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief. These distant healers differed significantly in their schizotypic tendencies, both in comparison to normed scores and to a control group of 19 masseurs. Further differences were found on scales of Conscientiousness and Openness to experience.

Reduced P50 suppression is associated with the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy.

Individuals with schizophrenia fail to demonstrate a reduction in the P50 event-related potential (ERP) to the second of two identical auditory stimuli presented in close succession. This deficit could lead to sensory overload, cognitive disintegration and perhaps some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, evidence linking poor P50 suppression to symptoms in patients with schizophrenia has been equivocal; possibly because of the effects of smoking status and antipsychotic medication on both of these variables. The aim of this study was to remove these potentially confounding factors by testing 74 healthy non-smoking participants and assessing the relationship between P50 suppression and dimensions of schizotypy. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individuals scoring highly on the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy had reduced P50 suppression and a smaller amplitude of response to the first stimulus. No robust associations were found between any P50 variables and the positive or negative dimensions of schizotypy. N100 suppression was also examined using the dual click paradigm but no relationships were found with any of the schizotypy dimensions. Thus individuals high in the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy have a deficit in inhibiting repetitive information at an early pre-attentive stage of processing, as measured by the P50 ERP, but this did not extend to a later early attentive stage, as reflected by the N100 wave. This research supports the view that there is a link between poor P50 suppression and certain symptom clusters in schizophrenia.

[Early detection of psychotic disorders]. / Früherkennung psychotischer Störungen.

UNLABELLED: Over the last decade there has been considerable interest in early intervention in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, driven by observations that early intervention might favorably alter the course of illness. New clinical and research programs have been established around the globe aiming to reduce treatment delays in psychosis and, more recently, to identify and possibly treat individuals in the pre-psychotic phase who are at imminent risk of developing psychosis. Since May 2004, a service for individuals at high risk (HR) for psychosis has been established at Vienna General Hospital. Individuals are offered comprehensive assessment and treatment which includes participation in a RCT investigating the effects of Omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo in addition to standard care. The aim of this article is to describe (1) classification of psychotic symptoms in incipient psychosis and (2) findings of the screening process as well as baseline characteristics in individuals with and without transition to psychosis. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Age 13 to 24 years 2. High Risk (HR) as classified by Yung et al. (1998) HR criteria: one or more of following characteristics occurred within the last 12 months: 1. Frank psychotic symptoms < 1 week 2. Attenuated psychotic symptoms > 1 week, several times per week 3. Drop in GAF of > 30% (>1 months) plus family history of psychosis or individual has schizotypal personality disorder Other psychiatric measures: SCID for DSM-IV, PANSS, MADRS, and the UKU side effect rating scale. Between May 2004 and June 2005, 140 individuals were referred to our service for suspected psychosis. 69 individuals (49,3%) met HR criteria, 21 (15%) were detected with first-episode psychosis at initial presentation; 50 (35,7%) individuals did not meet criteria for HR or DSM-IV psychotic disorder. 42 (60,9%) of 69 individuals with HR agreed to participate in the proposed EPA/DHA treatment trial. Co-morbidity of axis-I disorders was high in the HR group: 54,3% affective disorders, 40% anxiety/obsessive-compulsive disorders, 14,3 substance related disorders, 11,4% eating disorders and 2,9% somatoform disorders. To date 6 (14,3%) individuals have made a transition to psychotic disorder. These subjects scored significantly higher at the negative and at the general psychopathology scale ofPANSS and at the MADRS at time of randomization. Early detection and intervention in psychotic disorders seems to be a feasible goal which can be achieved in an outpatient setting. Individuals with HR can be detected and already show a substantial loss of functioning. In the process of screening for individuals with HR a high number of undiscovered cases of psychosis can be found. Given their high prevalence, treatment of comorbid axis-I conditions should be carefully addressed in HR and studied in relation to the risk of progression to psychosis. In contrast to antipsychotics, Omega-3 fatty acids have a high acceptance among youth and parents. At this stage the role of Omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear because the trial is not finished yet.

Early and late auditory sensory gating: moderating influences from schizotypal personality, tobacco smoking status, and acute smoking.

Early (P50) and late (P200) auditory sensory gating were assessed in low and high schizotypal personality groups using Raine's Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. We also assessed the impact of smoking as it relates to low and high schizotypal personalities. Low and high schizoptypal personality groups were divided into subgroups of participants who either smoked or did not smoke tobacco cigarettes. Participants were 39 (18 men) right-handed undergraduates. Using a paired-tone paradigm (40 pairs, 70 dB, 1000 Hz), smokers were tested while abstaining from smoking, and 5 min after smoking. Non-smokers were tested similarly without smoking. Midline and hemispheric sites were evaluated at frontal (F3/Fz/F4), fronto-central (FC3/FCz/FC4), central (C3/Cz/C4), centro-parietal (CP3/CPz/CP4), and parietal (P3/Pz/P4) regions. P50 sensory gating was better at midline sites than left/right hemispheric sites, whereas there was no difference in activation with respect to location for P200 sensory gating. Cz had better P50 sensory gating than other midline regions, whereas Fz, FCz and Cz had better P200 sensory gating than CPz and Pz. Hemispheric comparisons were made. At the central region for non-smokers, high schizotypys showed poorer P50 sensory gating than low schizotypys. Among low schizotypys, smokers showed poorer P50 sensory gating than non-smokers at the fronto-central and central regions smokers showed better P200 sensory gating than non-smokers at the central region. Smoking had no acute impact on either early (P50) or late (P200) sensory gating. Our data support the notion that early sensory gating and late sensory gating represent different sensory gating mechanisms with respect to low and high schizotypy personalities. Individual differences in early and late sensory gating need further investigation.

Psychophysiological evidence of altered neural synchronization in cannabis use: relationship to schizotypy.

OBJECTIVE: Cannabis use may produce neurophysiological disturbances similar to those observed in schizophrenia, particularly in relation to altered neural synchronization. Therefore, the current experiment examined the effect of cannabis use on EEG neural synchronization using the auditory steady-state evoked potential. METHOD: Auditory steady-state evoked potentials were assessed using varying rates of stimulation (auditory click-trains of 20, 30, 40 Hz) in current cannabis users (N=17) and drug-naive comparison subjects (N=16). EEG spectral power and signal-to-noise ratio at each stimulation frequency were compared between groups. RESULTS: Cannabis users showed decreased EEG power and signal-to-noise ratio at the stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. In addition, current cannabis users demonstrated increased schizotypal personality characteristics as assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, which positively correlated with total years of cannabis use. Finally, within the cannabis group, 20-Hz power values were negatively correlated with Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence for neural synchronization and early-stage sensory processing deficits in cannabis use. This finding, along with the observed increased rates of schizotypy in cannabis users, adds support for a cannabinoid link to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The relationship between fantasy proneness and schizotypy in adolescents.

Previous research has found substantial relationships between fantasy proneness and schizotypy in adulthood. The aim of the present study is to examine the connections between these constructs in an adolescent sample. A sample of 511 adolescents filled out a measure of fantasy proneness and a measure of psychotic-like phenomena. The factorial pattern for schizotypal traits in adolescents replicate the earlier documented three-factor structure. Also, the full range of schizotypal features was found to be related to imaginative tendencies tapped by fantasy proneness. Finally, joint analysis of fantasy and schizotypy showed that, in adolescents, fantasy converges with magical ideation and the cognitive-perceptual dimension of schizotypy, but diverges from the interpersonal aspects of schizotypy.