RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of taurine on the biochemical parameters of muscle injury by overuse. METHODS: Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control (Ctrl), overuse (Ov), taurine (Tau), and overuse plus taurine (OvTau). High-intensity exercise sessions were administered for 21 d with concomitant subcutaneous injections of taurine (150 mg/kg). The mice were then sacrificed. The quadriceps muscles were surgically removed for subsequent histologic analysis and evaluation of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress parameters, tissue repair, and DNA damage markers. RESULTS: The Ov group showed significant differences compared with the Ctrl group (all P <0.05). The fiber area decreased by 49.34%, whereas the centralized nuclei contents (Ctrl = 1.33%; Ov = 28.67%), membrane potential (Ctrlsuc = 179.05 arbitrary fluorescence units (AFUs), Ctrlsuc+ADP = 198.11 AFUs; Ovsuc = 482.95 AFUs, Ovsuc+ADP = 461.6 AFUs), complex I activity (Ctrl = 20.45 nmol â min â mg protein, Ov = 45.25 nmol â min â mg protein), hydrogen peroxide (Ctrlsuc = 1.08 relative fluorescence unit (RFU) â sec â mg protein, Ctrlsuc+ADP = 0.23 RFU â sec â mg protein; Ovsuc = 5.02 RFU â sec â mg protein, Ovsuc+ADP = 0.26 RFU â sec â mg protein) and malondialdehyde (Ctrl = 0.03 nmol â mg â protein, Ov = 0.06 nmol â mg â protein) levels, and DNA damage (Ctrlfreq = 7.17%, Ovfreq = 31.17%; Ctrlindex = 4.17, Ovindex = 72.5) were increased. Taurine administration reduced the number of centralized nuclei (OvTau = 5%), hydrogen peroxide levels (OvTausuc = 2.81 RFU â sec â mg protein, OvTaussuc+ADP = 1.54 RFU â sec â mg protein), membrane potential (OvTausuc = 220.18 AFUs, OvTaussuc+ADP = 235.28 AFUs), lipid peroxidation (OvTau = 0.02 nmol/mg protein), and DNA damage (OvTaufreq = 21.33%, OvTauindex = 47.83) and increased the fiber area by 54% (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggest that taurine supplementation modulates various cellular remodeling parameters after overuse-induced muscle damage, and that these positive effects may be related to its antioxidant capacity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/tratamiento farmacológico , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Taurina/farmacología , Animales , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratones , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the role of DHEA-S in coping against the exercise training mixing aerobic and resistance components. During 5-day successive exercise training, 16 young male participants (19.2 ± 1.2 years) received either a placebo (flour capsule) or DHEA (100 mg/day) in a double-blinded and placebo-controlled design. Oral DHEA supplementation significantly increased circulating DHEA-S by 2.5-fold, but a protracted drop (~35 %) was observed from Day 3 during training. In the Placebo group, only a minimal DHEA-S reduction (~17 %) was observed. Changes in testosterone followed a similar pattern as DHEA-S. Muscle soreness was elevated significantly on Day 2 for both groups to a similar extent. Lower muscle soreness was observed in the DHEA-supplemented group on Day 3 and Day 6. In the Placebo group, training increased circulating creatine kinase (CK) levels by approximately ninefold, while only a threefold increase was observed in the DHEA-supplemented group. This mix-type exercise training improved glucose tolerance in both groups, while lowering the insulin response to the glucose challenge, but no difference between treatments was observed. Our results suggest that DHEA-S may play a role in protecting skeletal muscle from exercise training-induced muscle damage.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/fisiopatología , Deshidroepiandrosterona/administración & dosificación , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Recuperación de la Función/efectos de los fármacos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Distónicos/tratamiento farmacológico , Música , Parasimpatolíticos/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/etiología , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/fisiopatología , Trastornos Distónicos/etiología , Trastornos Distónicos/fisiopatología , Electromiografía , Dedos/inervación , Humanos , Corteza Motora/fisiopatología , Plasticidad Neuronal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Corteza Somatosensorial/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The authors present the results of 84 musicians with focal task-specific dystonia treated with EMG-guided botulinum toxin injections. Treatment outcome was assessed by subjective estimation of playing before and after treatment and self-rating of treatment response. Fifty-eight (69%) of the musicians experienced improvement from the injections and 30 of 84 musicians (36%) reported long-term benefit in their performance ability.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Distónicos/tratamiento farmacológico , Música , Enfermedades Profesionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Parasimpatolíticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/administración & dosificación , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/etiología , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/fisiopatología , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Trastornos Distónicos/etiología , Trastornos Distónicos/fisiopatología , Electromiografía , Femenino , Dedos/inervación , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Corteza Motora/fisiopatología , Plasticidad Neuronal , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Parasimpatolíticos/administración & dosificación , Satisfacción del Paciente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Corteza Somatosensorial/fisiopatología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Muscle injuries represent a large number of professional and recreational sports injuries. Muscle strains habitually occur after an eccentric contraction, which often leads to an injury located in the myotendinous junction. Treatment varies widely, depending on the severity of the trauma, but has remained limited mostly to rest, ice, compression, elevation, antiinflammatory drugs, and mobilization. The authors' research group aims to develop new biologic approaches to improve muscle healing after injuries, including muscle strains. To achieve this goal, the authors investigated several parameters that will lead to the development of new strategies to enhance muscle healing. The authors first evaluated natural muscle healing after strain injuries and showed that muscle regeneration occurs in the early phase of healing but becomes impaired with time by the development of tissue fibrosis. Several growth factors capable of improving muscle regeneration were investigated; basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and nerve growth factors were identified as substances capable of enhancing muscle regeneration and improving muscle force in the strained injured muscle. The current study should aid in the development of strategies to promote efficient muscle healing and complete recovery after strain injury.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/uso terapéutico , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/uso terapéutico , Músculo Esquelético/lesiones , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/metabolismo , Desmina/efectos de los fármacos , Desmina/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Miembro Posterior , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Vimentina/efectos de los fármacos , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The shoulder is the "center of action" for most sports including those discussed in this article. Overuse problems of the shoulder are the most common group of injuries affecting the athlete involved in baseball, tennis, swimming, and gymnastics. Most of the injuries can be directly related to the mechanics of throwing, swimming, or gymnastics. After diagnosis, treatment is directed at "selective rest" of the injured shoulder and modalities and medications intended to decrease the inflammatory response of the body to stress.