Effect of the treatment with Achyrocline satureioides (free and nanocapsules essential oil) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi.

This study aimed to verify the effect of the treatment with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanoencapsulated forms) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical variables in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. The 56 rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats each. Groups A, C and D were composed by uninfected animals, and groups B, E, F and G were formed by infected rats with T. evansi. Rats from groups A and B were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Rats from the groups C and E were treated with A. satureioides essential oil, and groups D and F were treated with A. satureioides nanoencapsulated essential oil. Groups C, D, E and F received one dose of oil (1.5 mL kg(-1)) during five consecutive days orally. Group G was treated with diminazene aceturate (D.A.) in therapeutic dose (3.5 mg kg(-1)) in an only dose. The blood samples were collected on day 5 PI for analyses of hematological (erythrocytes and leukocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and biochemical (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, urea and creatinine) variables. A. satureioides administered was able to maintain low parasitemia, mainly the nanoencapsulated form, on 5 days post infection. On the infected animals with T. evansi treated with A. satureioides essential oil (free and nanocapsules) the number of total leucocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes present was similar to uninfected rats, and different from infected and not-treated animals (leukocytosis). Treatment with A. satureioides in free form elevated levels of ALT and AST, demonstrating liver damage; however, treatment with nanoencapsulated form did not cause elevation of these enzymes. Finally, treatments inhibited the increase in creatinine levels caused by infection for T. evansi. In summary, the nanoencapsulated form showed better activity on the trypanosome; it did not cause liver toxicity and prevented renal damage.

Infectivity and route of penetration in rats after oral and intraperitoneal inoculations of bloodstream and in vitro-cultured metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma lewisi.

Morphological changes of Trypanosoma lewisi blood trypomastigotes cultured in Schneider's Drosophila medium (SDM), supplemented or not with uric acid (SDM + UA), were compared to those that occurred in a control medium (M-199). No difference in trypanosome morphology and numbers was observed between SDM + UA and SDM cultures; there was little transformation into metacyclic stages in M-199. No difference was observed between the capacity of SDM- or SDM + UA-cultured metacyclic stages to infect rats. The infectivity of bloodstream forms was always higher than that of the SDM- or SDM + UA-cultured forms, whether inoculated orally or intraperitoneally. The oral inoculation of rats with tritium-labeled culture and bloodstream forms showed that the metatrypanosomes from the cultures remained longer in the salivary glands and tongue of the animal than the blood trypanosomes.