Clinical Presentations and Treatment Outcomes of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections at a Large New York City Health Care System.

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging sexually transmitted infection. Treatment of MG is complicated by increasing resistance to primary treatment regimens, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Understanding the various clinical presentations and relative effectiveness of treatments for MG is crucial to optimizing care. METHODS: Patients with a positive MG nucleic acid amplification test between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021, at a large health system in New York City were included in a retrospective cohort. Demographics, clinical presentations, coinfections, treatment, and follow-up microbiologic tests were obtained from the electronic medical record. Associations with microbiologic cure were evaluated in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: Five hundred two unique patients had a positive MG nucleic acid amplification test result during the study period. Male individuals presented predominantly with urethritis (117 of 187 [63%]) and female individuals with vaginal symptoms (142 of 315 [45%]). Among patients with follow-up testing who received a single antibiotic at the time of treatment, 43% (90 of 210) had persistent infection and 57% (120 of 210) had microbiologic cure. Eighty-two percent of patients treated with moxifloxacin had microbiologic cure compared with 41% of patients receiving azithromycin regimens ( P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, treatment with moxifloxacin was associated with 4 times the odds of microbiologic cure relative to low-dose azithromycin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-10.13; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical presentations of MG vary, with urethritis or vaginal symptoms in most cases. Among patients who received a single antibiotic, only treatment with moxifloxacin was significantly associated with microbiologic cure relative to low-dose azithromycin.

High rates of treatment failure for Mycoplasma genitalium among men and women attending a sexual health clinic.

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen) causes non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and is believed to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). High rates of macrolide resistance are well documented globally for Mgen. In Brighton, patients with NGU and PID are tested for Mgen and test of cure (TOC) offered post-treatment. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and treatment history data were collected over a 12-month period for all Mgen-positive patients in a Brighton-based genitourinary clinic. RESULTS: There were 114 patients with Mgen. 18% (61/339) of men with NGU and 9% (15/160) of women with PID had Mgen. 62/114 (54%) returned for first test TOC 4 weeks after treatment. 27/62 (44%) had a positive TOC; 25/27 (92.6%) had received azithromycin first line (500 mg stat then 250 mg OD for 4 days), 1/27 (3.7%) had received moxifloxacin first line (400 mg OD for 14 days) and 1/27 (3.7%) had received doxycycline first line (100 mg BD for 7 days). 20/27 (74%) returned for a second TOC 4 weeks later. 5/20 (25%) patients were positive on second TOC; 3/5 (60%) had received azithromycin second line and 2/5 (40%) had received moxifloxacin second line. Patients were more likely to have a positive TOC if they were at risk of reinfection (9/27 positive TOC vs 3/35 negative TOC; p=0.02). Patients given moxifloxacin were more likely to have a negative TOC (1/27 positive TOC vs 9/35 negative TOC; p=0.03) than those who received other antibiotic regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment failure rates for Mgen following azithromycin use are substantial, raising concerns regarding resistance. However, reinfection risk may contribute, suggesting a requirement for improved public awareness and clinician knowledge.

[Clinico-epidemiological features and antimicrobial resistance pattern in gonococcal infection]. / Aspecte clinico-epidemiologice si particularitati ale sensibilitatii la antibiotice în infectia gonococica.

AIM: To analyze clinical and epidemiological features in patients with gonococcal infection attended Dermato-Venerology Clinic in Iasi and regional dermato-venerology offices and to evaluate gonococcal antimicrobial resistance pattern. METHODS: The study was carried out on 129 patients clinically diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed with gonococcal infection who were subsequently submitted to a questionnaire. We studied their demographic characteristics (sex, age, nationality, marital status), clinical features (site of infection, symptoms, concurrent STI, previous history of gonorrhoea) and behavioral aspects (education, number and type of sexual partners, safe sexual practices). RESULTS: We found in our patients a strong association of gonorrhoea with young male individual, poor educational level and with clinical symptoms of urethritis. The level of antimicrobial resistance is higher than in other European countries. CONCLUSIONS: The poor health-seeking behavior, symptoms not specific enough, resistance pattern, lack of accessible and sensitive diagnostic methods lead to undiagnosed and probably mistreated gonorrhoea.

Escalation in the relative prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea among men with urethral discharge in two South African cities: association with HIV seropositivity.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea in two South African cities and to investigate the association between the isolation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the HIV serostatus of patients. METHODS: Gonococci were cultured from endourethral swabs taken from consecutive men with urethritis attending clinics in Johannesburg and Cape Town. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were determined with E-tests. Isolates with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 1 mg/l or greater were defined as resistant and isolates with a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.25 mg/l or less were defined as susceptible. Rapid tests were used to screen and confirm the presence of HIV antibodies. Survey data from 2004 were used as a baseline to assess trends in gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin. RESULTS: In 2004, the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance was 7% in Cape Town and 11% in Johannesburg. In 2007, 37/139 (27%) Cape Town isolates and 47/149 (32%) Johannesburg isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin; in comparison with 2004 data, this represents 2.9-fold and 1.9-fold increases, respectively. All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone. There was a significant association between HIV seropositivity and the presence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea among patients (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Johannesburg and Cape Town have witnessed significant rises in the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea among men with urethritis. The resistant phenotype is linked to HIV seropositivity. There is now an urgent need to change national first-line therapy for presumptive gonococcal infections within South Africa.

[Antibiotherapy applied to uncomplicated urethritis and cervicitis. French Agency for Health Product Safety]. / Traitement antibiotique des urétrites et cervicites non compliquées. Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé.

In sexually transmitted infections and more precisely in uncomplicated urethritis and cervicitis, the two infectious agents most commonly identified in France are Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci) and Chlamydia trachomatis, alone or associated. The resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin has reached over 20 % in France. A new national strategy for the therapeutic management of probabilistic treatment applied to uncomplicated urethritis and cervicitis is required. Bacteriological sampling before treatment is mandatory. Anti-gonococcal probabilistic treatment is a monodose using one of the following molecules: third generation cephalosporin: ceftriaxone (intra-muscular or intra-venous), cefixime (oral); aminoside: spectinomycin (intra- muscular); fluoroquinolone (bacteriologically controlled): ciprofloxacin (oral); An oral anti-Chlamydia treatment must be associated: azithromycin (monodose); or doxycycline (standard treatment). Blood tests (screening for syphilis, HIV infection, hepatitis B, hepatitis C) must be performed taking into account the delay for sero-conversion. Hepatitis B vaccination must be offered to any non-immunized patient. Protected intercourse (using condoms) must be recommended.

Evaluación de los resultados del tratamiento de la blenorragia con ciprofloxacina y doxiciclina. Camagüey. Cuba. 1998-1999

La Blenorragia es un problema de salud reconocido en nuestra provincia, y la eficacia de su tratamiento se ha visto limitado por la alta tendencia del gonococo a la resistencia frente a los antimicrobianos, en especial a las penicilinas. Debido a esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo durante 1998 y 1999 a 3.034 casos con uretritis genocóccica procedentes de todos los municipios de Camagüey, y que fueron tratados con Ciprofloxacina y Doxiciclina fundamentalmente, a los cuales se les realizó una encuesta para la obtención de información, con vistas a analizar los resultados de la terapéutica empleada por primera vez en nuestro país.En esta investigación pudimos comprobar el predominio del sexo masculino, con 2.158 casos, y de las edades entre 15 y 29 años. El número de asintomáticos fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. El 99'4 por ciento de los enfermos tratados con Ciprofloxacina y Doxiciclina eliminaron los síntomas en 21 días. De 2.438 pacientes tratados con Ciprofloxacina y Doxiciclina sólo el l'0 por ciento resultó positivo en el primer evolutivo, disminuyendo a 0'08 por ciento en el segundo evolutivo. La Penicilina fue ineficaz en el 60 por ciento de los casos. El ceftriaxone fue la droga más efectiva con curabilidad del 100 por ciento. Por tanto recomendamos mantener el tratamiento con Ciprofloxacina y Doxiciclina para combatir la Blenorragia en nuestra provincia y extenderlo a todo el país (AU)

Etiología, tratamiento y conducta epidemiológica en pacientes con uretritis / Etiolgy, treatment and epidemiologic approach in patients with urethritis

Trabajo retrospectivo de revisión de 40 Historias Clínicas con diagnóstico de Uretritis, cuyo exámen bacteriológico identificó Neisseria Gonorrhoae en 76,3, otras bacterias como Estafilococos Albus, Estreptococo en 23,7. En 55,3 fueron tratados con PenicilinaProcáinica en dósis de 4,8 U.I. con resultados óptimops, el segundo antibiótico utilizado en 10,5, también con buenos resultados fué la tetraciclina en dósis de 2 gr/d. por siete días, en 10,5 se utilizaron otros antibióticos como ser Eritromicina, Gentamicina. El Estudio de contactos, y localización de los mismos no se efectuo en ninguno de los casos.

[Epidemiologic and therapeutic study on gonococcal infections--clinical efficacy of cefetamet pivoxil].

We studied the epidemiology of 109 cases of gonococcal infections (105 males with urethritis and 4 females with cervicitis), together with the basic and clinical effects of cefetamet pivoxil in the cases. The peak of age distribution of the male patients was in the younger half of their twenties, and all of the 4 female cases were between 20 and 39 years old. The major source of infections in the males younger than 25 years old was their girl friends or so-called pick-up friends, and that of the males older than 25 years old workers serving at an amusement center, for example, bars and so-called special massage parlor, which accounted for about three fourths of the male cases between 35 and 44 years old. The distribution of the MIC (inoculum size; 10(6) CFU/ml) of Cefetamet against beta-lactamase non penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (non-PPNG) ranged from 0.025 to 0.1 microgram/ml and that against beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae ranged from 0.025 to 0.05 microgram/ml. The isolation rate of PPNG was 10.2% (9/88). In male patients with gonococcal urethritis, the efficacy rate was 100% on days 3 and 7 for 1,000 mg single dose and 7-day treatment and 500 mg single dose treatment. One of the cases treated with 250 mg single dose therapy was unchanged at 3, but the efficacy rate of the remaining cases was 100% at day 7. Complicated urethritis with C. trachomatis was noticed in 25.7% (5/105) of the male urethritis and in 25.0% (1/4) of the female cervicitis cases. The only side effect was diarrhea observed in 1 of the 124 case (0.8%).

[Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on gonococcal infections--one shot therapy by spectinomycin--[Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD]].

From January through March of 1985, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 69 cases of gonococcal infections (61 cases of male gonococcal urethritis and 8 cases of female gonococcal cervicitis) at its facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of one shot therapy of Spectinomycin (SPCM) was investigated, and an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were made. The male patients were between 19 and 55 years old, with a peak age distribution in the younger half of the twenties. The female patients were between 18 and 40 years old. The major source of infections was a so-called special massage parlor which accounted for 36.1% of male cases. The isolation rate of PPNG were 16.7% (11/66). The MIC (inoculum size; 10(6) CFU/ml) of SPCM ranged from 3.13 to 25 micrograms/ml regardless of beta-lactamase production. In male patients, the eradication rate (efficacy rate) of N. gonorrhoeae by SPCM was 94.7% on the first day, 93.6% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy. In female patients, the rate was 100% on the third and seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy, and 75% on the first day, 66.7% on third day and 100% on seventh day after 4 g one shot therapy. We considered that one shot therapy of SPCM was effective for gonococcal infection also in the present time. Especially SPCM was effective for infections by PPNG, since it was not resolved by beta-lactamase of N. gonorrhoeae. Positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 16.3% in male gonococcal urethritis, and the serous discharge tended to remain longer in the positive patients than in the negative patients. There was only one side effect (1.4%), therefore SPCM was recognized to be a safely administrated antimicrobial agent.