RESUMEN
Yellowstripe scad (YSS) have comparable eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) content to salmon. We aimed to compare the effects of YSS and salmon on lipid profile and inflammatory markers. A randomized crossover trial with two diet periods was conducted among healthy overweight (with BMI 23.0-27.4 kg/m2) Malaysian adults aged 21-55 years. Steamed whole YSS fish (≈385 g whole fish/day) or salmon fillets (≈246 g fillet/day) were given for eight weeks (3 days per week), retaining approximately 1000 mg EPA+DHA per day. Diets were switched after an 8-week washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after each diet period. A total of 49 subjects participated in the intervention (35% male and 65% female; mean age 29 (7) years). YSS did not induce any significant changes in outcome measures. However, the consumption of salmon as compared with YSS was associated with reduction in triglycerides (between-group difference: -0.09 mmol/1, p = 0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (between-group difference: -0.04 mmol/1, p = 0.01), atherogenic index of plasma (between-group difference: -0.05 mmol/1, p = 0.006), and IL-6 (between-group difference: -0.01 pg/mL, p = 0.03). Despite their comparable EPA+DHA content, short-term consumption of salmon but not YSS induced significant changes in lipid profile and inflammatory markers. Larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Peces , Sobrepeso , Salmón , Alimentos Marinos , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Biomarcadores/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta/métodos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Malasia , Sobrepeso/sangre , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, data on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in patients with endometriosis are limited. This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in patients with endometriosis. METHODS: The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients (aged 18-40 years old) with endometriosis. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups (30 participants each group) to receive either 50,000 IU vitamin D or placebo each 2 weeks for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased pelvic pain (ß - 1.12; 95% CI, -2.1, -0.09; p=.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (ß - 0.29; 95% CI, -0.57, -0.008; p=.04) compared with the placebo. Moreover, vitamin D intake led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (ß - 0.64 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.97, -0.30; p<.001) and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ß 47.54 mmol/L; 95% CI, 19.98, 75.11; p=.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study demonstrated that vitamin D intake in patients with endometriosis resulted in a significant improvement of pelvic pain, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, hs-CRP and TAC levels, but did not affect other clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles.
Asunto(s)
Endometriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Pélvico/fisiopatología , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Método Doble Ciego , Dismenorrea/fisiopatología , Dispareunia/fisiopatología , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Endometriosis/fisiopatología , Femenino , Glutatión/sangre , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
The aim of this trial is to assess the effect of Almega®PL on improving the Omega-3 Index, cardio-metabolic parameters, and other biomarkers in generally healthy individuals. The benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular health are primarily built upon mixtures of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA). Highly purified EPA therapy has proven to be particularly effective in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, but less is known about the benefits of EPA-only supplementation for the general healthy population. Almega®PL is a polar rich oil (>15%) derived from the microalga Nannochloropsis that contains EPA (>25%) with no DHA. Participants (n = 120) were given a capsule of 1 g/day of either Almega®PL or placebo for 12 weeks. Differences in the Omega-3 Index, cardiometabolic markers, and other general health indicators were measured at the baseline, six, and 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo group, Almega®PL supplementation significantly increased the Omega-3 Index and EPA concentration from 4.96 ± 0.90 and 0.82 ± 0.37% at the baseline to 5.75 ± 0.90 and 1.27 ± 0.36 at week 12, respectively. Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) decreased by 25%, which resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol compared to the placebo. Interestingly, the decrease in VLDL was not associated with an increase in LDL, which seems to be a benefit associated with EPA-only based formulations. Collectively, these results show that Almega®PL provides a natural EPA-only option to increase EPA and manage cholesterol levels in the general population.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Eicosapentaenoico , Microalgas/química , Estramenopilos/química , Adulto , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Angelica gigas Nakai, Korean dang-gui, has long been widely used in traditional treatment methods. There have been a number of studies of the health effects of A. gigas and related compounds, but studies addressing effects on blood triglycerides (TG) are lacking. To investigate the effects of A. gigas Nakai extract (AGNE) on TG in Korean subjects, we carried out a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects who met the inclusion criterion (130 mg/dL ≤ fasting blood TG ≤ 200 mg/dL) were recruited for this study. One hundred subjects were assigned to the AGNE group (n = 50) or the placebo group (n = 50), who were given 1 g/day of AGNE (as a gigas Nakai extract 200 mg/d) in capsules and the control group for 12 weeks. Outcomes were efficacy TG, lipid profiles, atherogenic index, and safety parameters were assessed initially for a baseline measurement and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of supplementation, TG and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentration and TG/HDL-C ratio in the AGNE group were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (p < 05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. These results suggest that the ingestion of AGNE may improve TG and be useful to manage or prevent hypertriglyceridemia.
Asunto(s)
Angelica , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The HMG-CoA reductase is key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis which potentially contributes in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was designed to assess the inhibitory effect of phytoconstituents of an ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pods on HMG - CoA reductase and regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS: Healthy, adult male, albino rabbits in which hypercholesterolemia was induced by supplying the high fat diet and a supplement of cholesterol powder with coconut oil (500 mg/5 ml/Day/kg body weight) for 15 days, were used as a disease model. Phytochemical analysis of an ethanolic extract Prosopis cineraria pods was conducted using LCMS, GCMS and FTIR analysis. Further, in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments were performed. RESULTS: The in-vitro assessment of HMG -CoA reductase activity indicated a 67.1 and 97.3% inhibition by the extract and a standard drug (Pravastatin), respectively. Additionally, an in-silico evaluation was made using appropriate docking software and results also indicated as significant interactions of the identified compounds with the target enzyme. Treatment of rabbits with the ethanolic extract of P. cineraria pod resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.001) reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. Accordingly, reductions were occurred in atherosclerotic plaque, intima and media of aortal wall along with lumen volume of the aorta significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: It can be illustrating that the ethanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria pod contains potent bioactive phytocompounds might be inhibit HMG - CoA reductase and have regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamiento farmacológico , Prosopis/química , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/química , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/genética , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/química , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangre , Placa Aterosclerótica/patología , Pravastatina/farmacología , Conejos , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient supplementation has been extensively explored as a strategy to improve health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Fat-soluble vitamins like A and E with their antioxidant properties and mechanistic interactions with lipoproteins, have potentially a key impact on lipid metabolism and lipidemia. OBJECTIVE: The impact of micronutrients on lipid metabolism requires further investigation including characterization of plasma lipidome following supplementation and any cause-effect on circulating lipids. DESIGN: In this study, we elucidate the effect and associations of a multi-micronutrient intervention in Brazilian children and teens with lipoprotein alterations and lipid metabolism. RESULTS: Our analysis suggests a combination of short and long-term impact of supplementation on lipid metabolism, potentially mediated primarily by α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and retinol (vitamin A). Among the lipid classes, levels of phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and cholesterol esters were impacted the most along with differential incorporation of stearic, palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acids. Integrated analysis with proteomic data suggested potential links to supplementation-mediated alterations in protein levels of phospholipases and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). CONCLUSIONS: Associations between the observed differences in lipidemia, total triglyceride, and VLDL-cholesterol levels suggest that micronutrients may play a role in reducing these risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children. This would require further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos/sangre , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil , Niño , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/diagnóstico , Lipidómica , Masculino , Micronutrientes/efectos adversos , Proteómica , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triglicéridos/sangre , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , alfa-Tocoferol/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is well-known that the coronary artery stenosis is related to lipid profile. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between the serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, E and D), circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and lipid profile in the study population. METHODS: A total of 120 overweight subjects were participated in this study. The circulating PCSK9 and vitamin D were measured by ELISA technique. The serum vitamin A and vitamin E amounts were simultaneously measured by the HPLC method. The Serum Small Dense LDLCholesterol (sdLDL-C) values were evaluated using heparin-Mg2+ precipitation technique. The lipid profile was measured by routine laboratory techniques. RESULTS: The serum vitamin E values correlated significantly to vitamin A (r= 0.47, P= 0.0001), VLDL-C (r= 0.30, P= 0.002), total cholesterol (r= 0.309, P= 0.001), PCSK9 (r= 0.233, P= 0.01) and total triglyceride (r= 0.61, P= 0.0001) values. The circulating PCSK9 values correlated significantly to LDL-C (r= 0.17, P= 0.05) and total cholesterol (r= 0.23, P= 0.009) values. However, there were not correlations between the levels of serum D and A vitamins, the serum LDL-C, sdLDL-C and total cholesterol values. CONCLUSION: The data showed the correlations between serum vitamin E and PCSK9-related LDLC values lower than the normal range. Furthermore, the results suggested a nutritional need on the patents considering supplementation or fortification of vitamin E for the overweight subjects with higher LDL-C levels.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Proproteína Convertasa 9/sangre , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina E/sangre , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/sangre , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Patentes como Asunto , Triglicéridos/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/sangreRESUMEN
Antrodia camphorata, a well-known and highly valued edible medicinal mushroom with intriguing activities like liver protection, has been traditionally used for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. A. camphorata shows highly medicinal and commercial values with the demand far exceeds the available supply. Thus, the petri-dish cultured A. camphorata (PDCA) is expected to develope as a substitute. In this paper, nineteen triterpenes were isolated from PDCA, and thirteen of them were the unique anthroic acids in A. camphorata, including the main content antcin K, which suggested that PDCA produced a large array of the same anthroic acids as the wild one. Furthermore, no obvious acute toxicity was found suggesting the edible safety of PDCA. In mice alcohol-induced liver injury model, triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) had been reduced by the PDCA powder as well as the main content antcin K, which indicated that the PDCA could protect alcoholic liver injury in mice model and antcin K could be the effective component responsible for the hepatoprotective activities of PDCA against alcoholic liver diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antrodia/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Productos Biológicos/química , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Colestenos/química , Colestenos/farmacología , Colestenos/uso terapéutico , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etanol/toxicidad , Femenino , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/química , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Hepatopatías Alcohólicas/prevención & control , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation has been shown to improve plasma lipid profiles in men and post-menopausal women, however, data for pre-menopausal women are lacking. The benefits of intakes less than 1 g/day have not been well studied, and doseâ»response data is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich tuna oil on plasma triglyceride (TG) lowering in pre-menopausal women, and investigate if low dose DHA-rich tuna oil supplementation would increase the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle sizes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, in which 53 healthy pre-menopausal women with mildly elevated plasma TG levels consumed 0, 0.35, 0.7, or 1 g/day n-3 LCPUFA as HiDHA™ tuna oil or placebo (Sunola oil) capsules for 8 weeks. Supplementation with 1 g/day n-3 LCPUFA, but not lower doses, reduced plasma TG by 23% in pre-menopausal women. This was reflected in a dose-dependent reduction in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (R² = 0.20, p = 0.003). A weak dose-dependent shift in HDL (but not LDL) particle size was identified (R² = 0.05, p = 0.04). The results of this study indicate that DHA-rich n-3 LCPUFA supplementation at a dose of 1 g/day is an effective TG-lowering agent and increases HDL particle size in pre-menopausal women.
Asunto(s)
HDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Premenopausia , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto , Animales , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/sangre , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangre , Tamaño de la Partícula , Atún , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: There was inconsistent evidence about the benefit of vitamin D plus evening primrose oil (EPO) supplement intake on lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D plus EPO supplementation on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 60 vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 1000 IU vitamin D3 plus 1000 mg EPO (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Metabolic profiles were quantified at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, women in vitamin D and EPO co-supplementation group had significant increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (+10.7 ± 8.4 vs. -0.5 ± 1.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and plasma total glutathione (GSH) (+62.7 ± 58.0 vs. -0.7 ± 122.7 µmol/L, p = 0.01), while there were significant decreases in triglycerides (-7.3 ± 23.8 vs. +6.9 ± 26.3 mg/dL, p = 0.03), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels (-1.5 ± 4.7 vs. +1.4 ± 5.3 mg/dL, p = 0.03), total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs. -0.02 ± 0.4, p = 0.02), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (-0.4 ± 0.4 vs. +0.5 ± 1.8 µmol/L, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Overall, vitamin D and EPO co-supplementation for 12 weeks among vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS significantly improved triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, GSH, and MDA levels.
Asunto(s)
Colecalciferol/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Ácidos Linoleicos/farmacología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Ácido gammalinolénico/farmacología , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Linoleicos/administración & dosificación , Malondialdehído/sangre , Oenothera biennis , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Triglicéridos/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto Joven , Ácido gammalinolénico/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is scarce data on the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. METHODS: Sixty PCOS women were randomized into two groups and treated with 100 mg of magnesium, 4 mg of zinc, 400 mg of calcium plus 200 IU of vitamin D supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. RESULTS: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum insulin levels (-1.9 ± 4.6 vs. +0.4 ± 2.8 µIU/mL, P = 0.01), and homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.4 ± 1.0 vs. +0.1 ± 0.6, P = 0.02), as well as a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. -0.0003 ± 0.01, P = 0.02). In addition, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (-26.5 ± 42.9 vs. +8.9 ± 17.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001), VLDL-cholesterol concentrations (-5.3 ± 8.6 vs. +1.8 ± 3.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (-4.2 ± 30.7 vs. +11.1 ± 28.4 mg/dL, P = 0.04) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-0.04 ± 0.6 vs. +0.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 12 weeks among patients with PCOS had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism and markers of cardio-metabolic risk.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/administración & dosificación , Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/terapia , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is scarce data on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic status in patients with fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). The current study was carried out to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic status in patients with FBD. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 56 patients with FBD. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive either 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 mg vitamin E (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks of intervention to determine inflammatory factors, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and metabolic profiles. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of intervention, changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-2171.4 ± 3189.1 vs. +696.9 ± 2774.8 ng/mL, P = 0.001) and plasma nitric oxide (+1.8 ± 4.0 vs. -0.1 ± 2.4 µmol/L, P = 0.04) in supplemented women were significantly different from those in the placebo group. In addition, compared to the placebo group, subjects who consumed omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E supplements had significantly decreased serum insulin concentrations (-3.2 ± 6.5 vs. -0.2 ± 1.7 µIU/mL, P = 0.01), the homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.8 ± 1.7 vs. -0.02 ± 0.4, P = 0.03), serum triglycerides levels (-11.5 ± 47.3 vs. +10.6 ± 24.3 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and VLDL-cholesterol (-2.3 ± 9.5 vs. +2.1 ± 4.9 mg/dL, P = 0.03), as well as increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01 vs. +0.001 ± 0.007, P = 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (+3.4 ± 6.0 vs. -1.3 ± 4.3 mg/dL, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Overall, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and metabolic profiles in patients with FBD.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Enfermedad Fibroquística de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina E/farmacología , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Irán , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Gymnema sylvestre is a medicinal plant whose consumption has demonstrated benefits on lipid and glucose levels, blood pressure, and body weight (BWt). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of G. sylvestre administration on metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients (without pharmacological treatment), 30-60 years old, with diagnosis of MetS in accordance with the modified International Diabetes Federation criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to receive G. sylvestre or placebo twice daily before breakfast and dinner in 300 mg capsules for a total of 600 mg per day for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the components of MetS were evaluated as well as BWt, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Area under the curve of glucose and insulin, phases of insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests; P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. After G. sylvestre administration, significant decreases in BWt (81.3 ± 10.6 kg vs. 77.9 ± 8.4 kg, P = .02), BMI (31.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2 vs. 30.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2, P = .02), and VLDL levels (0.45 ± 0.15 mmol/dL vs. 0.35 ± 0.15 mmol/dL, P = .05) were observed, without modifying the components of MetS, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, G. sylvestre administration decreased BWt, BMI, and VLDL levels in subjects with MetS, without changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Gymnema sylvestre/química , Insulina/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that acute oral administration of schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from Schisandrae Fructus (a commonly used traditional Chinese herb), increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mass in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. METHODS: Male ICR mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.25-2 g/kg). Sch B-induced changes in serum levels of biomarkers, such as TG, total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB 48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and hepatic growth factor (HGF), as well as hepatic lipids and mass, epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and adipocyte size, and histological changes of the liver and EAT were examined over a period of 12-120 h after Sch B treatment. RESULTS: Serum and hepatic TG levels were increased by 1.0-4.3 fold and 40-158% at 12-72 h and 12-96 h, respectively, after Sch B administration. Sch B treatment elevated serum ApoB 48 level (up to 12%), a marker of exogenous TG, but not VLDL, as compared with the vehicle treatment. Treatment with Sch B caused a time-/dose-dependent reduction in EAT index (up to 39%) and adipocyte size (up to 67%) and elevation in serum NEFA level (up to 55%). Sch B treatment induced hepatic steatosis in a time-/dose-dependent manner, as indicated by increases in total vacuole area (up to 3.2 fold vs. the vehicle control) and lipid positive staining area (up to 17.5 × 103 µm2) in liver tissue. Hepatic index and serum HGF levels were increased by 18-60% and 42-71% at 12-120 h and 24-72 h post-Sch B dosing, respectively. In addition, ultrastructural changes, such as increase in size and disruption of cristae, in hepatic mitochondria were observed in Sch B-treated mice. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exogenous sources of TG and the breakdown of fat storage in the body contribute to Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatomegaly (a probable hepatotoxic action) caused by Sch B may result from the fat accumulation and mitochondrial damage in liver tissue.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Hepatomegalia/metabolismo , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Lignanos/efectos adversos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Policíclicos/efectos adversos , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adipocitos/patología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Animales , Apolipoproteína B-48/sangre , Tamaño de la Célula , Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Ciclooctanos/efectos adversos , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Hígado Graso/inducido químicamente , Hígado Graso/patología , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/sangre , Hepatomegalia/inducido químicamente , Hepatomegalia/patología , Hipertrigliceridemia/inducido químicamente , Hipertrigliceridemia/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/patología , Schisandra/química , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Dietary modifications including healthy eating constitute one of the first line strategies for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed anti-atherogenic effects of a combination of wild rice and phytosterols in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice. Male LDL-r-KO mice were divided into four groups and fed with: (1) control diet; (2) the control diet containing 60% (w/w) wild rice; (3) the control diet containing 2% (w/w) phytosterols; or (4) the control diet containing both wild rice and phytosterols for 20weeks. All diets were supplemented with 0.06% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. Blood samples, hearts, and feces were collected and used for biochemical and histological examination. Consumption of 60% (w/w) wild rice in combination with 2% (w/w) phytosterols significantly reduced the size and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots as compared to those in the control group. This effect was associated with significant reductions in plasma total, LDL and VLDL cholesterol concentrations as well as an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion. In conclusion, the dietary combination of wild rice and phytosterols prevents atherogenesis in this animal model. Further investigations are needed to understand mechanisms of action and potential clinical outcome of such dietary intervention.
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Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Suplementos Dietéticos , Alimentos Funcionales , Fitosteroles/uso terapéutico , Poaceae , Semillas , Adiposidad , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/efectos adversos , Aorta/patología , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/patología , Colesterol/análisis , Colesterol/sangre , Colesterol en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Colesterol en la Dieta/análisis , Colesterol en la Dieta/antagonistas & inhibidores , LDL-Colesterol/antagonistas & inhibidores , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/antagonistas & inhibidores , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/patología , Dislipidemias/prevención & control , Heces/química , Masculino , Ratones Noqueados , Miocardio/patología , Fitosteroles/efectos adversos , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. India shelters the highest number of diabetics and is thus known as the 'Diabetes Capital of the World'. The chemical management of diabetes has side effects and hence the present study was undertaken to assess the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effect of Stevia rebaudiana in patients with type 2 diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Its nutritional composition and use as a sweetener substitute were also assessed. RESULTS: Chemical analysis of dried Stevia leaf powder revealed it to be a nutritious herb with a good iron and fibre content. Intervention trials in diabetics revealed that it significantly lowered fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels. The serum triglycerides and VLDL-C levels were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Hence it can be said that Stevia can safely be used as an anti-diabetic herb, as a sweetener substitute and may help to prevent cardiovascular diseases in patients with long-standing diabetes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Stevia/química , Glucemia/metabolismo , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/análisis , Hipolipemiantes/análisis , India , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Polvos , Edulcorantes/química , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) is a useful plant with antidiabetic properties in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilberry against DM. Diabetes was induced using intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW)). Bilberry powder (2 g d(-1)) and glibenclamide (positive control; 0.6 mg kg(-1) BW) were administered for 4 weeks following alloxan injection. Serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined at baseline and at 2nd and 4th week of the study. RESULTS: Bilberry supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of glucose compared with the diabetic control as well as glibenclamide treatment. Bilberry elevated insulin, reduced TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG levels, and prevented HDL-C decline. Serum insulin, TC and LDL-C levels were not affected by glibenclamide, and CRP did not significantly change with either bilberry or glibenclamide. Histological examinations revealed a significant elevation of islet size in the bilberry and glibenclamide-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation with bilberry fruits may protect against impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in DM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Frutas , Hipoglucemiantes , Hipolipemiantes , Vaccinium myrtillus , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Frutas/química , Gliburida/administración & dosificación , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Flavonoids have been presented as potential protectors against metabolic and cognitive dysfunction. However, mechanisms underlying these 'claims' have not been sufficiently explored. To analyse the effect of long-term supplementation with blackberry extract (BE) in the context of a high-fat or a standard diet, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) fed with a standard or a high-fat diet, with or without BE supplementation at 25 mg per kg body weight per day. A high-fat diet significantly impaired glucose tolerance and increased body weight, caloric ingestion, very-low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Furthermore, it was observed that a high-fat diet increased dopamine content in the prefrontal cortex and decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels both in the prefrontal cortex and in plasma. BE supplementation only affected some of these aspects. BE slightly improved glucose metabolism and significantly decreased levels of lactate, independent of diet. BE decreased levels of BDNF and also interacted with the dopaminergic system, increasing dopamine turnover in the striatum, and reverting dopamine content induced by a high-fat diet in the prefrontal cortex. This study shows that, despite some particular benefits of anthocyanin supplementation, some long-term effects may not be desirable and further studies are needed to optimize ingestion conditions.
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Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Metabolismo/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Rubus/química , Animales , Antocianinas/administración & dosificación , Encéfalo/fisiología , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/análisis , Colesterol/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Cuerpo Estriado/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dopamina/análisis , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ingestión de Energía , Frutas/química , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/etiología , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Corteza Prefrontal/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangre , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Favorable metabolic changes have been observed in many in vitro and animal studies after application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2). Metabolic changes after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially focused on lipoprotein subfractions, have not been described in humans. Our aim was to investigate possible alteration in concentration of lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic patients after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. METHODS: 58 Type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in a prospective matched case-control study. A total of 31 underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and 27 were included in the control group without HBO2 exposure. Fasting concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel 24 hours before and 24 hours after hyperbaric sessions performed at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 15 days. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide and glycemic variability were assessed before and after therapy. RESULTS: We observed decreased subfractions of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL 3), LDL 1, LDL 2 and LDL 3-7 after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. In addition, the IDL 1 subfraction, as well as the concentration of C-peptide, increased significantly in the treatment arm. Glycemic variability improved after therapy. No differences were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is connected with antiatherogenic metabolic changes. This study demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy may hold potential for inducing metabolic changes in diabetic patients that may decrease their cardiovascular risk.
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Péptido C/sangre , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Lipoproteínas IDL/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Pie Diabético/sangre , Pie Diabético/terapia , Neuropatías Diabéticas/sangre , Neuropatías Diabéticas/terapia , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Índice Glucémico , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Recently, we showed in APOE*3-Leiden cholesteryl ester transfer protein (E3L.CETP) mice that anacetrapib attenuated atherosclerosis development by reducing (V)LDL cholesterol [(V)LDL-C] rather than by raising HDL cholesterol. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which anacetrapib reduces (V)LDL-C and whether this effect was dependent on the inhibition of CETP. E3L.CETP mice were fed a Western-type diet alone or supplemented with anacetrapib (30 mg/kg body weight per day). Microarray analyses of livers revealed downregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (P < 0.001) and predicted downregulation of pathways controlled by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2 (z-scores -2.56 and -2.90, respectively; both P < 0.001). These data suggest increased supply of cholesterol to the liver. We found that hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) expression was decreased (-28%, P < 0.01), accompanied by decreased plasma PCSK9 levels (-47%, P < 0.001) and increased hepatic LDL receptor (LDLr) content (+64%, P < 0.01). Consistent with this, anacetrapib increased the clearance and hepatic uptake (+25%, P < 0.001) of [(14)C]cholesteryl oleate-labeled VLDL-mimicking particles. In E3L mice that do not express CETP, anacetrapib still decreased (V)LDL-C and plasma PCSK9 levels, indicating that these effects were independent of CETP inhibition. We conclude that anacetrapib reduces (V)LDL-C by two mechanisms: 1) inhibition of CETP activity, resulting in remodeled VLDL particles that are more susceptible to hepatic uptake; and 2) a CETP-independent reduction of plasma PCSK9 levels that has the potential to increase LDLr-mediated hepatic remnant clearance.