RESUMEN
Rhodomentosones A and B (1 and 2), two pairs of novel enantiomeric phloroglucinol trimers featuring a unique 6/5/5/6/5/5/6-fused ring system were isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculation. The bioinspired syntheses of 1 and 2 were achieved in six steps featuring an organocatalytic asymmetric dehydroxylation/Michael addition/Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement/ketalization cascade reaction. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited promising antiviral activities against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Myrtaceae/química , Floroglucinol/química , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/química , Biomimética , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) immunization is known to cause severe pulmonary inflammatory disease after subsequent RSV infection. Ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years due to its potential health benefits. We investigated whether ginseng would have immune modulating effects on RSV infection in mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. Oral administration of mice with ginseng increased IgG2a isotype antibody responses to FI-RSV immunization, indicating T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses. Ginseng-treated mice that were nonimmunized or previously immunized with FI-RSV showed improved protection against RSV challenge compared with control mice without ginseng treatment. Ginseng-mediated improved clinical outcomes after live RSV infection were evidenced by diminished weight losses, decreased interleukin-4 cytokine production but increased interferon-γ production, modulation of CD3 T-cell populations toward a Th1 response, and reduced inflammatory response. Ginseng-mediated protective host immune modulation against RSV pulmonary inflammation was observed in different strains of wild-type and mutant mice. These results indicate that ginseng can modulate host immune responses to FI-RSV immunization and RSV infection, resulting in protective effects against pulmonary inflammatory disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/prevención & control , Panax/inmunología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/efectos adversos , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/inmunología , Animales , Femenino , Formaldehído/química , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Inmunización/efectos adversos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunomodulación , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inmunología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/virología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Extractos Vegetales/inmunología , Raíces de Plantas/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Vacunas contra Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/administración & dosificación , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/química , Células TH1/efectos de los fármacos , Células TH1/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The specificity of biosensors is typically obtained by surface biofunctionalization, which enables the selective binding of biomolecules. This critical step is sensitive to the nature of materials and to the overall experimental conditions. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of several biofunctionalization methods, including the layer-by-layer technique and both the gas-phase and liquid-phase silanizations, and we propose a new maleimide-based protocol for grafting a protein to a sensor covered by alumina. This method was then validated by making a respiratory syncitial virus-specific biosensor.