RESUMO
SUMMARY: This study assessed the effects of Acacia Senegal (AS) combined with insulin on Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and mRNA expression, serum glucose, renal function, and oxidative stress in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Sixty rats were equally divided into six groups: normal control, normal+AS, diabetic (DM), DM+insulin, DM+AS, and DM+insulin+AS groups. Diabetes mellitus (type 1) was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and insulin and AS treatments were carried until rats were culled at the end of week 12. Serum glucose and creatinine levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Renal homogenate levels of NKA activity and gene expression, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated as well as kidney tissue histology and ultrastructure. Diabetes caused glomerular damage and modulation of blood and tissue levels of creatinine, glucose, HbA1c, malondialdehyde, NKA activity and gene expression, SOD, catalase and GSH, which were significantly (p<0.05) treated with AS, insulin, and insulin plus AS. However, AS+insulin treatments were more effective. In conclusion, combined administration of AS with insulin to rats with DN decreased NKA activity and gene expression as well as oxidative stress, and improved glycemic state and renal structure and function.
Este estudio evaluó los efectos de Acacia senegal (AS) combinada con insulina sobre la actividad Na+/K+- ATPasa (NKA) y la expresión de ARNm, la glucosa sérica, la función renal y el estrés oxidativo en un modelo de nefropatía diabética (ND) en ratas. Sesenta ratas se dividieron equitativamente en seis grupos: control normal, normal+AS, diabética (DM), DM+insulina, DM+AS y DM+insulina+AS. La diabetes mellitus (tipo 1) se indujo mediante una única inyección de estreptozotocina (65 mg/kg), y los tratamientos con insulina y AS se llevaron a cabo hasta que las ratas fueron sacrificadas al final de la semana 12. Se midieron niveles séricos de glucosa y creatinina, hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c). Se evaluaron los niveles de homogeneizado renal de actividad NKA y expresión génica, malondialdehído, superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa y glutatión reducido (GSH), así como la histología y ultraestructura del tejido renal. La diabetes causó daño glomerular y modulación de los niveles sanguíneos y tisulares de creatinina, glucosa, HbA1c, malondialdehído, actividad y expresión génica de NKA, SOD, catalasa y GSH, los cuales fueron tratados significativamente (p<0,05) con AS, insulina e insulina más AS. Sin embargo, los tratamientos con AS+insulina fueron más efectivos. En conclusión, la administración combinada de AS con insulina a ratas con DN disminuyó la actividad de NKA y la expresión genética, así como el estrés oxidativo, y mejoró el estado glucémico y la estructura y función renal.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/efeitos dos fármacos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Acacia/química , Superóxido Dismutase , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Controle Glicêmico , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , MalondialdeídoRESUMO
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of mortality worldwide. Isorhapontigenin is a derivative of stilbene with chemical structure similar to resveratrol. The omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with isorhapontigenin and omega-3 FA on rat model of isoproterenol-induced MI. Fifty-six rats were divided into seven groups: normal, normal + isorhapontigenin, normal + omega-3 FA, MI, MI + isorhapontigenin, MI + omega-3 FA, and MI + isorhapontigenin + omega-3 FA. Serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)], cardiac troponin I (cTnI), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6], and lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol (T.Ch), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), and phospholipids] as well as cardiac levels of malondialdehyde and anti-oxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase)] were measured in all rats. ECG and histopathological examination were performed. Isoproterenol caused a significant elevation of ST segment, decreased R wave amplitude, HDL, and anti-oxidants, and increased LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, triglycerides, T.Ch, LDL, and phospholipids. Omega-3 FA or isorhapontigenin significantly decreased the ST segment elevation, LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and phospholipids and increased R wave amplitude and anti-oxidants. The effects of combined omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin were more significant than either of them alone. Therefore, we conclude that omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin have a cardioprotective effect on rats with isoproterenol-induced MI through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions (AU)
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Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Estilbenos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores , Lipídeos/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Distribuição Aleatória , Isoproterenol , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Mediadores da Inflamação , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Anti-Inflamatórios não EsteroidesRESUMO
In this study, we investigated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SC-IRI). Fifty male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (CON); control + GSE (CON + GSE) (received GSE for 28 days); sham operated (Sham); IRI; and IRI + GSE. SC-IRI was induced by clamping the aorta just above the bifurcation for 45 min, and then the clamp was released for 48 h for reperfusion. IRI + GSE group received GSE for 28 days before SC-IRI. Sensory, motor, and placing/stepping reflex assessment was performed. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in spinal cord homogenate. Immunohistochemical examination of the spinal cord for OPN and COX-2 were carried out. SC-IRI resulted in significant increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate level and spinal cord homogenate levels of TBARs and PGE2, and OPN and COX-2 expression with significant decrease in TAC. GSE improves the sensory and motor functions through decreasing OPN and COX-2 expression with reduction of oxidative stress parameters. We conclude a neuroprotective effect of GSE in SC-IRI through downregulating COX-2 and OPN expression plus its antioxidants effects.
Assuntos
Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/uso terapêutico , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Osteopontina/antagonistas & inibidores , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of mortality worldwide. Isorhapontigenin is a derivative of stilbene with chemical structure similar to resveratrol. The omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with isorhapontigenin and omega-3 FA on rat model of isoproterenol-induced MI. Fifty-six rats were divided into seven groups: normal, normal + isorhapontigenin, normal + omega-3 FA, MI, MI + isorhapontigenin, MI + omega-3 FA, and MI + isorhapontigenin + omega-3 FA. Serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)], cardiac troponin I (cTnI), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6], and lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol (T.Ch), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), and phospholipids] as well as cardiac levels of malondialdehyde and anti-oxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase)] were measured in all rats. ECG and histopathological examination were performed. Isoproterenol caused a significant elevation of ST segment, decreased R wave amplitude, HDL, and anti-oxidants, and increased LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, triglycerides, T.Ch, LDL, and phospholipids. Omega-3 FA or isorhapontigenin significantly decreased the ST segment elevation, LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and phospholipids and increased R wave amplitude and anti-oxidants. The effects of combined omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin were more significant than either of them alone. Therefore, we conclude that omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin have a cardioprotective effect on rats with isoproterenol-induced MI through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Estilbenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cardiotônicos/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/efeitos adversos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Isoproterenol , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estilbenos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Urocortin 1 (UCN1) decreases food intake. We investigated the effects of UCN1 and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on metabolic and coagulation parameters in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups; control, HFD, HFD with omega-3 FA, HFD with UCN1, and HFD with UCN1 and omega-3 FA. Food intake, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrin degradation product (FDP), clotting time, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and platelet aggregation were measured. Food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, PAI-1, and FDP increased while bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT decreased in HFD rats. UCN1 decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT and increased fibrinogen, PAI-1, FDP, and platelet aggregation in HFD rats. Omega-3 FA decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, platelet aggregation, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and increased HDL and bleeding time in HFD rats. We concluded that UCN1 worsens the hypercoagulable state in HFD rats while omega-3 FA improve the insulin resistance and decrease the platelet aggregation in those rats
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacocinética , Urocortinas/farmacocinética , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacocinética , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Resistência à Insulina , Agregação Plaquetária , Metabolismo dos LipídeosRESUMO
Urocortin 1 (UCN1) decreases food intake. We investigated the effects of UCN1 and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on metabolic and coagulation parameters in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups; control, HFD, HFD with omega-3 FA, HFD with UCN1, and HFD with UCN1 and omega-3 FA. Food intake, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrin degradation product (FDP), clotting time, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and platelet aggregation were measured. Food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, PAI-1, and FDP increased while bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT decreased in HFD rats. UCN1 decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT and increased fibrinogen, PAI-1, FDP, and platelet aggregation in HFD rats. Omega-3 FA decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, platelet aggregation, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and increased HDL and bleeding time in HFD rats. We concluded that UCN1 worsens the hypercoagulable state in HFD rats while omega-3 FA improve the insulin resistance and decrease the platelet aggregation in those rats.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Hemostasia/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Urocortinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Obesidade/patologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Indomethacin (IND) is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent that is known to induce severe gastric mucosal lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of selenium (SEL), grape seed extract (GSE), and both on IND-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats. SpragueDawley rats (200250 g) were given SEL, GSE, and both by oral gavage for 28 days, and then gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of 25 mg/kg IND. Malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione, GSH) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidants, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric mucosa, and serum tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNF-Alpha) were measured. Moreover, gastric ulcer index and preventive index were determined. Indomethacin increased the gastric ulcer index, MDA, TNF-Alpha, and decreased PGE2 and non-enzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidants. Pretreatment with SEL, GSE, and both significantly decreased the gastric ulcer index, MDA, and TNF and increased antioxidants and PGE2. Histopathological observations confirm the gastric ulcer index and biochemical parameters. Selenium and GSE have a protective effect against IND-induced gastric ulcers through prevention of lipid peroxidation, increase of GSH, activation of radical scavenging enzymes, PGE2 generation, and anti-inflammatory activity. Co-administration of GSE and SEL is more effective than GSE or SEL alone
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Selênio/farmacocinética , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacocinética , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacocinética , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , S-Nitrosoglutationa/farmacocinética , Prostaglandinas E , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Indomethacin (IND) is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent that is known to induce severe gastric mucosal lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of selenium (SEL), grape seed extract (GSE), and both on IND-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were given SEL, GSE, and both by oral gavage for 28 days, and then gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of 25 mg/kg IND. Malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione, GSH) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidants, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric mucosa, and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. Moreover, gastric ulcer index and preventive index were determined. Indomethacin increased the gastric ulcer index, MDA, TNF-α, and decreased PGE2 and non-enzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) antioxidants. Pretreatment with SEL, GSE, and both significantly decreased the gastric ulcer index, MDA, and TNF and increased antioxidants and PGE2. Histopathological observations confirm the gastric ulcer index and biochemical parameters. Selenium and GSE have a protective effect against IND-induced gastric ulcers through prevention of lipid peroxidation, increase of GSH, activation of radical scavenging enzymes, PGE2 generation, and anti-inflammatory activity. Co-administration of GSE and SEL is more effective than GSE or SEL alone.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Selênio/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Estômago/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Indometacina , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estômago/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/sangue , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
The prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome increases during menopause with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the free radical scavenger function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17ß-estradiol (E(2)) and vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats as well as on insulin resistance in those rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months of age and weighing 231.5 ± 9.4 g, were divided into 4 groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with E(2) (40 µg/kg subcutaneously), and OVX treated with E(2) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The 4 groups received the appropriate treatment every day for 8 weeks. Levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , catalase, and malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats were measured. Also, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Malondialdehyde increased and antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) decreased in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Also, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased in OVX rats. E(2) and E(2) plus vitamin E decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidants in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Moreover, they decreased fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in ovariectomized rats. This study demonstrates that E(2) and E(2) plus vitamin E supplementation to OVX rats may improve insulin resistance, strengthen the antioxidant system, and reduce lipid peroxidation.