Gait Training with Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Mobility in People Post-Stroke.

(1) Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability. To identify the best treatment strategies for people with stroke (PwS), the aim of the current study was to compare the effects of training on a treadmill with functional electrical stimulation (TT-FES) with training on a treadmill (TT), and to analyze the effects of sequence of training on mobility and the parameters of walking ability. (2) Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, randomized and crossover study, in which 28 PwS were distributed into groups, namely the A-B Group (TT-FES followed by TT) and B-A Group (TT followed by TT-FES), using the foot drop stimulator, and were measured with functional tests. (3) Results: We found improved mobility, balance, non-paretic limb coordination, and endurance only in the group that started with TT-FES. However, sensorimotor function improved regardless of the order of training, and paretic limb coordination only improved in the B-A Group, but after TT-FES. These data indicate that the order of the protocols changed the results. (4) Conclusions: Although biomechanical evaluation methods were not used, which can be considered a limitation, our results showed that TT-FES was superior to isolated training on a treadmill with regard to balance, endurance capacity, and coordination of the non-paretic limb.

Leptin, Adiponectin, and Melatonin Modulate Colostrum Lymphocytes in Mothers with Obesity.

Pregnancy complicated by obesity is associated with adverse triggered gestational and neonatal outcomes, with reductions in the subtypes of CD4+ T-lymphocytes representing the modulators of inflammation. It needs to be better established how maternal nutritional statuses impact the neuroendocrine-immune system's action and affect the immunological mechanisms of the maternal-infant relationship via breastfeeding. This study examined the effects of maternal obesity on human colostrum lymphocytes and the intracellular mechanisms of lymphocyte modulation in the presence of leptin, adiponectin, and melatonin via cell proliferation; the release of intracellular calcium; and apoptosis induction. This cross-sectional study analyzed colostrum samples from 52 puerperal splits and divided them into overweight and eutrophic groups. Colostrum lymphocytes underwent immunophenotyping and cell proliferation by flow cytometry and intracellular calcium release and apoptosis assays by immunofluorescence in the presence or absence of hormones. Significant differences were considered when p < 0.05 by the chi-square or t-test. Maternal obesity reduced the population of T-lymphocytes and TCD4+ in human colostrum and proliferative activities (p < 0.05). These hormones restore lymphocyte proliferation to a level similar to the eutrophic group (p < 0.05). Leptin, adiponectin, melatonin hormones, and biological actions consolidated in the scientific literature also represent maternal and infant protection mechanisms via colostrum and the modulation of human colostrum lymphocytes.

Non-linear indices of heart rate variability during endodontic treatment.

Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.

Non-linear indices of heart rate variability during endodontic treatment

Abstract Dental treatment promotes psychosomatic change that can influence the procedure and compromise the general well-being of the patient. In this context, it highlights the importance of evaluating the function of the autonomic nervous system in individuals undergoing endodontic treatment. Thus, this manuscript aimed to analyse cardiac autonomic modulation, through non-linear indices of heart rate variability (HRV) during endodontic treatment. Analysis of 50 subjects of either sex aged between 18 and 40 years diagnosed with irreversible pulp necrosis of lower molars undergoing endodontic treatment was undertaken. We carried out fractal and symbolic analysis of HRV, which was recorded in the first session of the endodontic treatment at four intervals: T1: 0-10 min before the onset of the treatment session; T2: 0-10 min after the application of anaesthesia; T3: throughout the period of treatment; and T4: 0-30 min after the end of the treatment session. There was reduction of α1 in T2 compared to T1 and T4 (p < 0.0001). The α2 index also reduced in T2 compared to T3 (p = 0.0035). There was an increase in the α1/α2 ratio in T4 compared to T2 and T3 (p = 0.0003). It was found that 0V% was significantly lower in T2 (p = 0.002), while 2UV% was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) when compared to other points in time. In conclusion, HRV is reduced during endodontic treatment, and after applying local anaesthetic the parasympathetic component of HRV increases. These data indicate that endodontic treatment acutely overcharges the heart, supporting the stress involved in this situation.

Globally chaotic analysis of Heart Rate Variability during acute auditory stimulus by heavy metal music / Medidas globalmente caóticas de variabilidade de frequência cardíaca durante estímulo auditivo agudo por música heavy metal

OBJECTIVE: Auditory stimulation with relaxing style music can improve cardiac autonomic regulation in subjects treated with a cardio-toxic medication. We assess the acute effect of heavy metal music on cardiac autonomic regulation, through novel high spectral chaotic global analysis techniques: (a) high spectral detrended fluctuation, (b) high spectral entropy (c) spectral multi-taper method. METHOD: We investigated young adult women between 18 and 30 years old exposed to heavy metal (75-84 dB) music for 20 min. Normality tests were applied: (i) Anderson-Darling, (ii) Ryan-Joiner (similar to Shapiro-Wilk); (iii) Lilliefors for low number of subjects. They all indicated a non-normal data distribution. Consequently we applied the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Also because of the small population, we used a broader than usual level of significance (critical p = 0.1). RESULTS: The application of the three tests for normality and the non-parametric test of significance by the Kruskal-Wallis technique showed that acute musical auditory stimulation with heavy metal music lead to a significant increase (p < 0.07) in one of the seven combinations of chaotic globals. The most significant combination of chaotic globals is the Chaos Forward Parameter One (CFP1), which includes all three studied chaotic globals (high spectral detrended fluctuation, high spectral entropy, spectral multi-taper method). We found significantly increased values during musical auditory stimulation for this specific CFP1. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that acute musical stimulation with heavy metal influences cardiac autonomic regulation at a more complex level than previously reported and that this may be beneficial to heart function.

OBJETIVO: A estimulação auditiva com música relaxante pode melhorar a regulação autonômica cardíaca em indivíduos tratados com um medicamento cardiotóxica. Avaliamos o efeito agudo de música heavy metal sobre a regulação autonômica cardíaca, por meio de novas técnicas de análise, ditas globalmente caóticas de espectrais altos: (a) high spectral detrended fluctuation, (b) high spectral entropy (c) spectral multi-taper method. MÉTODO: Estudamos mulheres jovens entre 18 e 30 anos de idade expostas a música heavy metal (75-84 dB) durante 20 min. Foram aplicados os seguintes testes de normalidade: (i) Anderson-Darling, (ii) Ryan-Joiner (similhante ao de Shapiro-Wilk); (iii) Lilliefors para baixo número de indivíduos. Todos indicaram que os dados obtidos apresentavam distribuição não-normal. Consequentemente foi aplicado o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Por causa da pequena população, utilizou-se um nível de significância mais amplo do que o habitual (p crítico = 0,1). RESULTADOS: A aplicação dos três testes para normalidade e o teste não-paramétrico de significância pela técnica de Kruskal-Wallis mostrou que a estimulação auditiva musical aguda com metais pesados produziu um aumento significativo (p < 0,07) em uma das sete combinações de globais caóticos. A combinação de globais caóticos que é mais importante é a "Chaos Forward Paremeter one" (VFP1) na qual se manifestam todos os três globais caóticos aplicados (high spectral detrended fluctuation, high spectral entropy, spectral multi-taper method). Encontramos um aumento significativo durante a estimulação auditiva musical para este parâmetro específico. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que a estimulação musical aguda com heavy metal influencia a regulação autonômica cardíaca em um nível mais complexo e pode ser benéfica para a função cardíaca.

What is and how can be explained pregnancy in adolescence

INTRODUCTION: The inconsequential exercise of sexuality may generate innumerous conflicts and interfere wityh each adolescent's plans for the future, resulting in early pregnancy, for example. OBJECTIVE: Describe the ideas associated to the subject pregnancy in adolescence. METHODS: This is a systematic revision with scientific production about pregnancy in adolescence disseminated in health science journals, in the period of 2006 to 2010. It has a quantitative and qualitative approach to the data. The total analyzed samples were 20 articles. The data collection instrument was a structured script containing objective and subjective questions. The quantitative data was presented in tables, the subjective, in charts, reflected through thematic analysis (Bardin). RESULTS: The findings revealed negative feelings, among others, associated to the pregnancy during adolescence and its occurrence to psychological and socio-economic factors. DISCUSSIONS: The pregnancy in adolescence can be seen as a period of search for identity, occurring due to rebelliousness, many times experienced in relation to their families and to the historical and social context. However, its explanation is multifactorial. CONCLUSION: This phenomenon may be something that is experienced positively or negatively, in a desired or undesired form, with or without family support. Therefore, it is necessary a holistic view of the fact. Hopefully this study may clarify questions regarding pregnancy in adolescence and may cooperate to establish preventive and educational actions...

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício da sexualidade de forma inconsequente pode gerar inúmeros conflitos e interferir nos planos futuros de cada adolescente, resultando em gravidez precoce, por exemplo. OBJETIVO: Descrever as ideias associadas à temática gravidez na adolescência. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com produção científica acerca da gravidez na adolescência divulgada em periódicos da área da saúde, no período 2006 a 2010. Tem abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados. A amostra analisada totalizou 20 artigos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um roteiro estruturado contendo questões objetivas e subjetivas. Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados em tabela, os subjetivos, em quadros, refletidos através da análise temática (Bardin). RESULTADOS: Os achados revelam sentimentos negativos, dentre outros, associados à gravidez na adolescência e a sua ocorrência a fatores psicológicos e socioeconômicos. DISCUSSÕES: A gravidez na adolescência pode ser vista como um período de busca da identidade, ocorrendo em virtude da rebeldia, muitas vezes vivenciada em relação a sua família e ao contexto histórico-social. Portanto, sua explicação é multifatorial. CONCLUSÃO: Este fenômeno pode ser algo vivenciado positivamente ou negativamente, de forma desejada ou indesejada, com apoio familiar ou não. Por isso, faz-se necessário uma visão holística do fato. Espera-se que este estudo elucide questões acerca da gravidez na adolescência e coopere para ações preventivas e educativas...

What is and how can be explained pregnancy in adolescence

INTRODUCTION: The inconsequential exercise of sexuality may generate innumerous conflicts and interfere wityh each adolescent's plans for the future, resulting in early pregnancy, for example. OBJECTIVE: Describe the ideas associated to the subject pregnancy in adolescence. METHODS: This is a systematic revision with scientific production about pregnancy in adolescence disseminated in health science journals, in the period of 2006 to 2010. It has a quantitative and qualitative approach to the data. The total analyzed samples were 20 articles. The data collection instrument was a structured script containing objective and subjective questions. The quantitative data was presented in tables, the subjective, in charts, reflected through thematic analysis (Bardin). RESULTS: The findings revealed negative feelings, among others, associated to the pregnancy during adolescence and its occurrence to psychological and socio-economic factors. DISCUSSIONS: The pregnancy in adolescence can be seen as a period of search for identity, occurring due to rebelliousness, many times experienced in relation to their families and to the historical and social context. However, its explanation is multifactorial. CONCLUSION: This phenomenon may be something that is experienced positively or negatively, in a desired or undesired form, with or without family support. Therefore, it is necessary a holistic view of the fact. Hopefully this study may clarify questions regarding pregnancy in adolescence and may cooperate to establish preventive and educational actions...(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício da sexualidade de forma inconsequente pode gerar inúmeros conflitos e interferir nos planos futuros de cada adolescente, resultando em gravidez precoce, por exemplo. OBJETIVO: Descrever as ideias associadas à temática gravidez na adolescência. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com produção científica acerca da gravidez na adolescência divulgada em periódicos da área da saúde, no período 2006 a 2010. Tem abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados. A amostra analisada totalizou 20 artigos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um roteiro estruturado contendo questões objetivas e subjetivas. Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados em tabela, os subjetivos, em quadros, refletidos através da análise temática (Bardin). RESULTADOS: Os achados revelam sentimentos negativos, dentre outros, associados à gravidez na adolescência e a sua ocorrência a fatores psicológicos e socioeconômicos. DISCUSSÕES: A gravidez na adolescência pode ser vista como um período de busca da identidade, ocorrendo em virtude da rebeldia, muitas vezes vivenciada em relação a sua família e ao contexto histórico-social. Portanto, sua explicação é multifatorial. CONCLUSÃO: Este fenômeno pode ser algo vivenciado positivamente ou negativamente, de forma desejada ou indesejada, com apoio familiar ou não. Por isso, faz-se necessário uma visão holística do fato. Espera-se que este estudo elucide questões acerca da gravidez na adolescência e coopere para ações preventivas e educativas...(AU)

Tempo de reação, motivação e caracterização sociodemográfica de atletas iniciantes de jiu-jitsu / Motivation, reaction time and sociodemographic characteristics of Jiu-Jitsu beginner athletes

Este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar o desempenho de atletas iniciantes de Jiu-Jitsu em uma tarefa de tempo de reação com suas regulações motivacionais para a prática de exercícios físicos além de caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos. Participaram do estudo 11 sujeitos, do sexo masculino, iniciantes de Jiu-Jitsu, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos (24,6+4,5). Os participantes apresentaram média de massa corporal de 84,4kg (+8,8) e estatura de 1,8m (+0,1), na maioria estudantes (54,5%) com segundo grau completo (54,5%) e pertencentes a faixa A2 (45,4%) de classificação socioeconômica, moradores de Florianópolis-SC (81,8%). Os participantes autoavaliaram sua saúde como boa (90%), afirmando ficarem doentes poucas vezes (80%). Apresentaram elevado índice de autodeterminação (14,8+4,16) com regulações motivacionais internas mais altas que as externas. O desempenho médio no tempo de reação para a tarefa com estímulo simples visual foi de 239ms (+16,9). Os resultados demonstraram que os atletas iniciantes de Jiu-Jitsu se mostraram autodeterminados para a prática de exercícios físicos, com elevado índice de autodeterminação, estilo de vida ativo, boas experiências esportivas no passado e boas avaliações de suas competências físicas. Perceberam-se com boa saúde e com baixas taxas de adoecimento, onde a maioria nunca consumiu cigarros e poucas vezes consomem bebidas alcoólicas, sendo da classe socioeconômica A2 e nível superior completo. O desempenho no tempo de reação foi menor, mas não significativo, na faixa etária mais jovem quando comparado ao grupo de maior idade. O desempenho no tempo de reação não mostrou correlação significativa com as regulações motivacionais para a prática de exercício físico.

This study aimed to relate the performance of jiu-jitsu beginner athletes in a reaction time task with their regulations motivation for physical exercise and to characterize them in terms of sociodemographic. The study included 11 subjects, all male, jiu-jitsu beginners, aged between 18 and 35 years (24.6+4.5). Participants have an average body mass of 84.4kg (+8.8) and height of 1.8m (+0.1), mostly students (54.5%), with high school education (54.5%) and whose range A2 (45.4%) of socioeconomic classification, inhabitants of Florianópolis-SC (81.8%). Participants self-assessed their health as good (90%), stating rarely get sick (80%). Exhibit a high degree of self-determination (14.8+4.16) with internal regulations motivational higher than the external. The reaction time for the task with simple visual stimulus was 239ms (+16.9). The results demonstrate that athletes beginner jiu-jitsu proved to self-determined physical exercise, showing a high level of self-determination, active lifestyle, good sporting experiences in the past and good evaluations of their physical skills. Perceive themselves in good health and with low rates of illness, where most never consumed cigarettes and rarely drink alcohol, being socioeconomic class A2 and university degree. The performance in reaction time was lower in the younger age group compared to the older group, but not significant. Performance on reaction time showed no significant correlation with the motivational regulations for physical exercise.

Neurophysiological aspects of musical auditory stimulation on the cardiovascular system / Aspectos neurofisiológicos do estímulo auditivo musical sobre o sistema cardiovascular

INTRODUCTION: The literature has shown that musical stimulation can influence the cardiovascular system, however, the neurophysiological aspects of this influence are not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the influence of music on the neurophysiological mechanisms in the human body, specifically the variable blood pressure, as well as theneural mechanisms of music processing. METHODS: Searches were conducted in Medline, PEDro, Lilacs and SciELO using the intersection of the keyword "music" with the keyword descriptors "blood pressure" and "neurophysiology". RESULTS: There were selected 11 articles, which indicated that music interferes in some aspects of physiological variables. CONCLUSION: Studies have indicated that music interferes on the control of blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate, through possible involvement of limbic brain areas which modulate hypothalamic-pituitary functions.Further studies are needed in order to identify the mechanisms bywhich this influence occurs.

INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura já demonstrou que o estímulo musical pode influenciar o sistema cardiovascular, porém, os aspectos neurofisiológicos desta influência ainda não estão totalmente elucidados. OBJETIVO: Este estudo descreve a influência da música nos mecanismos neurofisiológicos no organismo humano, especificamente na variável pressão arterial, bem como os mecanismos neurais do processamento da música. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases Medline, PEDro, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando o cruzamento da palavra-chave "music" com os descritores "blood pressure" e "neurophysiology". RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 11 artigos, que indicaram que a música interfere em alguns aspectos nas variáveis fisiológicas. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram que a música interfere no controle da pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, por meio do possível envolvimento de áreas límbicas cerebrais, que modulam funções hipotálamo-hipofisárias. Mais estudos são necessários para identificar os mecanismos pelos quais essa influência ocorre.

The effects of auditory stimulation with music on heart rate variability in healthy women.

OBJECTIVES: There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to the opposite music (70-80 dB). A different group of women were exposed to the same music styles plus white noise auditory stimulation (90 dB). The sequence of the songs was randomized for each individual. We analyzed the following indices: triangular index, triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincaré plot (standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability, standard deviation of the long-term RR interval, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of the long-term RR interval ratio), low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio, standard deviation of all the normal RR intervals, root-mean square of differences between the adjacent normal RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms. Heart rate variability was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. RESULTS: The triangular index and the standard deviation of the long-term RR interval indices were reduced during exposure to both music styles in the first group and tended to decrease in the second group whereas the white noise exposure decreased the high frequency index. We observed no changes regarding the triangular interpolation of RR intervals, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability/standard deviation in the long-term RR interval ratio. CONCLUSION: We suggest that relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music slightly decrease global heart rate variability because of the equivalent sound level.

Relação entre a regulação autonômica cardíaca e mecanismos auditivos: importância para o crescimento e desenvolvimento / Relationship between cardiac autonomic regulation and auditory mechanisms: importance for growth and development

A literatura já demonstrou que a estimulação auditiva por meio de música influencia o sistema cardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de investigar a relação entre os mecanismos auditivos e a regulação autonômica cardíaca. Os estudos selecionados indicaram forte correlação entre a intensidade do ruído e o equilíbrio simpatovagal. Além disso, foi relatado que a terapia com música melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com câncer de mama tratados com antraciclinas. Postula-se que a dopamina liberada no sistema estriatal, induzida por canções alegres, está envolvida na regulação autonômica. Estudos posteriores sãonecessários para adicionar novos elementos na literatura, para melhorar a novas terapias e para o tratar doenças cardiovasculares.(AU)

Relação entre a regulação autonômica cardíaca e mecanismos auditivos: importância para o crescimento e desenvolvimento / Relationship between cardiac autonomic regulation and auditory mechanisms: importance for growth and development

A literatura já demonstrou que a estimulação auditiva por meio de música influencia o sistema cardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de investigar a relação entre os mecanismos auditivos e a regulação autonômica cardíaca. Os estudos selecionados indicaram forte correlação entre a intensidade do ruído e o equilíbrio simpatovagal. Além disso, foi relatado que a terapia com música melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com câncer de mama tratados com antraciclinas. Postula-se que a dopamina liberada no sistema estriatal, induzida por canções alegres, está envolvida na regulação autonômica. Estudos posteriores sãonecessários para adicionar novos elementos na literatura, para melhorar a novas terapias e para o tratar doenças cardiovasculares.

Auditory stimulation and cardiac autonomic regulation.

Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music" and "heart rate variability". The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Additionally, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasurable songs is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation. Musical auditory stimulation influences heart rate variability through a neural mechanism that is not well understood. Further studies are necessary to develop new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.

Auditory stimulation and cardiac autonomic regulation

Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music" and "heart rate variability". The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Additionally, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasurable songs is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation. Musical auditory stimulation influences heart rate variability through a neural mechanism that is not well understood. Further studies are necessary to develop new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.

Uma visão da prática da fisioterapia respiratória: ausência deevidência não é evidência de ausência / A view of respiratory physiotherapy practice: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

A fisioterapia tem se mostrado expressivamente um forte aliadona diminuição da morbimortalidade dos pacientes submetidosa essa terapia. O objetivo dessa revisão é prestar uma brevesúmula de “conceitos evidentes da prática baseada em evidências”e, em contrapartida, descrever os procedimentos terapêuticose intervencionistas da fisioterapia respiratória empregados narotina clínica do fisioterapeuta. Foi realizada uma descrição dosprocedimentos tradicionais da fisioterapia respiratória embasadaem trabalhos científicos, os quais revelaram que a fisioterapiarespiratória apresenta uma diversidade de pesquisas sendo quecada uma denota sua contribuição.

Physiotherapy is a strong ally in morbimortality decrease in patientssubmitted to this therapy. The aim of this review is to present onebrief abridgement of “evident concepts of the practical based onevidences” and to describe the therapeutical and interventionistprocedures of the respiratory physiotherapy in the clinical routineof the physiotherapist. A description of the tradicional proceduresfor respiratory physiotherapy based on scientific studies was done,revealing the diversity of respiratory physiotherapy research, eachdenoting its contribution.