RESUMO
Background: In stroke, sensory deficits may affect the motor recovery of the subjects. The evidence for the active sensory intervention to enhance motor recovery is sparsely available. Purpose: To systematically review the available evidence from the studies on active sensory therapies augmenting upper limb recovery among poststroke subjects. Methods: The following databases were searched for the desired articles: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL), DORIS, PEDro, and OTseeker. The primary search keywords were stroke, sensory, and motor. The articles published in English up to August 2021 were considered for the review. Only investigations that studied active sensory interventions to enhance motor recovery were considered for the review. The studies of robotic training, virtual reality, electrical stimulation, and acupuncture were excluded. Motor recovery and sensory recovery were considered as primary and secondary measures, respectively. Results: Out of 3528 screened studies, eight studies were found eligible for the present systematic review. Active sensory interventions in the form of sensory discrimination, mirror therapy, motor imagery, and specific somatosensory training were utilized in the selected studies. The interventions through mirror therapy and mental imaging have some promising roles in enhancing upper limb recovery. However, there is a lack of strong evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention enhancing motor improvement among the stroke subjects. Conclusion: A comprehensive active sensory protocol should be developed having components of cognitive, sensory, motor, and functional demand. There is a need to conduct good quality randomized trials to support the existing active sensory therapies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Free radical Injury is associated with cancer, but how the extent of oxidative stress correlates with the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage in Carcinoma Cervix (Ca Cx), and its significance as a prognostic marker, is not clear and needs an in-depth study. AIM: To correlate the blood levels of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Vitamin A and E levels with the clinical stage in Ca Cx. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a Prospective Case Control Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LPO, SOD, reduced GSH were estimated by Bio Chemical Assays and Vitamins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The cases and controls were compared using One Way ANOVA and different stages over different time periods were individually compared by Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance. RESULTS: The results indicated a statistically significant increase of LPO vis-a-vis the FIGO stage of Ca Cx and control, while the antioxidant status as depicted by GSH and SOD decreased. Vitamin A and E levels were significantly lower in cancer cases as compared to the control. CONCLUSION: Increased LPO and reduced antioxidant levels may be taken as associated predictive markers, thus suggesting that Ca Cx cases should get nutritive supplements to contain the blood LPO level and maintain a positive balance of antioxidants for a better outcome in terms of delayed recurrence and better Quality of Life (QOL).