RESUMO
B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic tumor of pediatric age. Although patient survival has been improved, some cases still relapse and need alternative therapies. In this context, the role of microRNA in cancer is actually matter of investigation due to their regulatory function implicated in human tumorigenesis since the main target mRNA transcripts are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. On the other hand, cytokines are actually used as adjuvants in B-ALL therapy, and recent studies reported that they may also function by acting directly against leukemic cells. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of miRNA and cytokines in B-ALL, highlighting the link between cytokine activity and miRNA expression. The translational relevance of these issues will be also discussed.