Early benefits with daily rinsing on gingival health improvements with an essential oil mouthrinse--post-hoc analysis of 5 clinical trials.

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation through post-hoc analyses was to determine the ability to achieve gingival health in the short term with daily rinsing with an essential oil containing antimicrobial mouthrinse. METHODS: Conventional Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) on whole mouth mean plaque and gingivitis scores were originally conducted to demonstrate efficacy of adjunctive use of Cool Mint® LISTERINE® Antiseptic (EO) compared to negative control [brushing (B) or brushing/flossing (BF)] in each of 5 studies containing a 4 week evaluation. The Modified Gingival Index (MGI) was split into 2 categories: healthy (scores 0, 1) and unhealthy (≥2). Data, reflecting subjects that completed 4 weeks of treatment from 5 studies, were evaluated to determine the mean percent of healthy sites and mean percent of more inflamed "affected" areas (MGI≥3). RESULTS: At baseline, the mean percent healthy gingival sites ranged from 0.1 to 3.2%. At 4 weeks, up to 29.3% and 16.1% of sites were healthy for the EO group and negative control group, respectively. Three and 6 month data from 2 of the 5 studies resulted in up to 39.6% and 62% at 3 and 6 month mean percent healthy sites per subject for EO and up to 17.2% and 15.6% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, for negative control. Virtually plaque free sites (PI=0, 1) at 4 weeks ranged up to 34.3% and 8.1% for EO and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Significantly more healthy gingival sites and virtually plaque free tooth surfaces can be achieved as early as 4 weeks with use of an essential oil antimicrobial mouthrinse. This finding continues through 6 months twice daily use as part of oral care practices compared to mechanical oral hygiene alone.

Randomized trial of the clinical efficacy of a potassium oxalate-containing mouthrinse in rapid relief of dentin sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a mouthrinse containing 1.4% potassium oxalate (Listerine Advanced Defence Sensitive; LADS) plus Colgate Cavity Protection Regular toothpaste, in reducing dentin sensitivity. METHODS: This was an observer- and examiner-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, single-center, controlled, five-day clinical trial. Healthy adults were randomized (2:1:1) to LADS plus Colgate Cavity Protection Regular toothpaste, or to one of the two negative-control toothpastes alone: Crest Cavity Protection Regular or Colgate Cavity Protection Regular. The subjects carried out supervised and unsupervised brushing and rinsing twice a day. Dentin sensitivity was assessed at baseline and during treatment by Yeaple probe (tactile pressure; patient-reported discomfort by visual analogue scale [VAS]), as well as response to air blasts (VAS). RESULTS: All sensitivity assessments were similar at baseline in the 56 randomized subjects. By the third day, the Yeaple probe sensitivity scores for subjects treated with Colgate toothpaste plus LADS improved significantly compared to Crest toothpaste alone (p < 0.05). By the fifth day, the mean scores for subjects treated with Colgate toothpaste plus LADS were significantly improved compared with subjects treated with either toothpaste alone (p < 0.05). The other sensitivity assessments showed that Colgate toothpaste plus LADS achieved statistically significant improvements compared with Colgate and/or Crest toothpaste alone from the third day. CONCLUSIONS: The 1.4% potassium oxalate mouthrinse (LADS) was associated with a reduction in dentinal sensitivity within a five-day period. Statistically significant reductions in all sensitivity variables were achieved by Day 3 and even greater reductions in dentin sensitivity scores were observed after five days.

Increasing antiplaque/antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil mouthrinse over time: an in vivo study.

This randomized, observer-blind, parallel, controlled study determined the efficacy of an essential oils-containing (EO) antiseptic mouthrinse (in conjunction with toothbrushing) in reducing and/or controlling existing plaque or gingivitis over 6 months. Toothbrushing, combined with placebo rinsing, served as the control (C). Following ethics board approval (Biosci Research Canada, Ltd. Institutional Review Board), 139 healthy adults with mild to moderate plaque and gingivitis were randomized into EO or C groups. All subjects received oral/written instructions, monthly monitoring, and assigned unsupervised rinses. Efficacy variables were whole-mouth mean modified gingival index (MGI), Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) at 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and data analysis through an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model. The EO group provided greater and increasing MGI, PI, and BI reductions than did C group over all examination periods. Compared to the C group, at 6, 12, and 24 weeks, MGI reductions for the EO group were 4.7%, 9.1%, and 20.4%, and PI reductions were 7.6%, 12.6%, and 26.3%, respectively. BI scores decreased over time and were significant compared to those for the C group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the percentages of sites improved versus baseline MGI over time for EO were 14.1%, 26.4%, and 43.3%, respectively. This study demonstrated that an EO-containing mouthrinse can provide an increasing benefit over a period of 6 months with twice daily use. This study also confirmed that an antiseptic EO rinse can provide a clinically significant benefit in reducing existing plaque and gingivitis.

Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an alcohol-free essential-oil containing mouthrinse: a 2-week clinical trial.

PURPOSE: This randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical study evaluated the antiplaque and antigingivitis potential of an alcohol-free essential oils containing mouthrinse (Listerine Zero) compared to a 5% hydroalcohol mouthrinse (negative control), using a 2-week experimental gingivitis model. METHODS: 92 subjects, male and female, ranging in age from 18-68 years, in good general health, were assigned to one of the two treatment groups: Alcohol-free essential oils containing mouthrinse (LZ) or 5% hydroalcohol negative control (C) rinse. The mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) at 2 weeks were the primary efficacy endpoints. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for 2 weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure. RESULTS: 90 subjects completed the trial. At 2 weeks, LZ was more effective (P<0.001) than C in reducing plaque (23.9%) and gingivitis (10.4%).

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial.

The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5% hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05% CPC with alcohol (CPCa, n = 39), 0.05% CPC alcohol-free (CPCna, n = 40), and 5% hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control.

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05 percent Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5 percent hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05 percent CPC with alcohol (CPCa, n = 39), 0.05 percent CPC alcohol-free (CPCna, n = 40), and 5 percent hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control.