Carthamus tinctorius L. Extract ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis.

We investigate the protective effect of Carthamus tinctorius L. (CTL, also known as Honghua in China or Safflower) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and explored the possible mechanisms on regulating apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). High-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection analysis was established to analyze the components of CTL. Middle cerebral artery occlusion rats model was established to evaluate Neurological Function Score and hematoxylin-eosin staining, as well as triphenyltetrazolium was used to examine the infarction area ratio. Transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling was performed for the apoptosis. Apoptosis-related factors, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and Caspase3, and MMPs-related MMP2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in ischemic brain, were assayed by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The data showed that CTL (2, 4 g crude drug/kg/d) treatment could significantly reduce the ischemic damage in brain tissue and improve a significant neurological function score. In addition, CTL could also attenuate apoptosis degree of brain tissues and regulate Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3 and also have a significant decrease on MMP-9 expression, followed by a significant increase of TIMP1 protein expression. These findings indicated that regulation of CTL on apoptosis and MMPs contributed to its protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Development of a novel method combining HPLC fingerprint and multi-ingredients quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine preparation.

A novel method combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple active components was developed and validated for quality evaluation of one type of traditional Chinese medicine preparations: Shuang-huang-lian (SHL) oral liquid formulation. For fingerprint analysis, 45 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among several different SHL oral liquid preparations collected from manufacturers. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of eleven markers, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, forsythiaside, scutellarin, baicalin, forsythin, luteoloside, apigenin, baicalein and wogonin, was performed. Statistical analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that our method has achieved desired linearity, precision and accuracy. Finally, concentrations of these eleven markers in SHL oral liquid prepared by different manufacturers in China were determined. These results demonstrated that the combination of HPLC chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous quantification of multi-ingredients offers an efficient and reliable approach for quality evaluation of SHL oral liquid preparations.

[Content determination of epigoitrin in Radix Isatidis and its preparation by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of epigoitrin in Radix Isatidis and its preparation, and to provide valuable data for quality control of Radix Isatidis and its preparation. METHOD: The samples were separated on a ZORBAX SB-C18 (4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid-triethylamine (8.50 : 90.72 : 0.73 : 0.05) in the flow rate of 0.7 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 245 nm. Column temperature was 30 degrees C. RESULT: The linear range of epigoitrin was 0.0204-0.3060 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery was 98.99% with the RSD was 1.31% (n = 9). CONCLUSION: The method for quantitation of epigoitrin in Radix Isatidis and its preparation was accurate and reliable, which can be used to evaluate the quality of Radix Isatidis and its preparation.