RESUMO
The emergence of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis underscores the need for novel drugs that are effective against these microorganisms. As part of our screening programme of the flora of Puerto Rico, we tested a number of ethanol extracts of higher plants for antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities. A total of 40 extracts belonging to 23 plant families and 37 species were tested for antiplasmodial activity. Five extracts demonstrated activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (50%-100% parasite suppression at 5 microg/mL). Another 63 extracts belonging to 30 plant families and 50 species were tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Two extracts were found to be active, Ficus citrifolia and Pisonia borinquena (85% or more inhibition of microbial growth at 100 microg/mL of extract).
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Estruturas Vegetais , Porto RicoRESUMO
A glucosidase inhibition assay has been used to evaluate extracts from higher plants. An enzyme inhibition of fifty percent or more correlated with the observed cytotoxicity of the extracts.
Assuntos
Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , beta-Glucosidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/farmacologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Porto RicoRESUMO
Extracts from higher plants were evaluated for inhibitory activity against avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. The assay may serve as a useful prescreen for potential anti-HIV bioactives.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa , Vírus da Mieloblastose Aviária/enzimologia , HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Porto RicoRESUMO
From the bulbs and leaves of Hymenocallis expansa (Amaryllidaceae), three alkaloid constituents were identified: (+)-tazettine, (+)-hippeastrine, and (-)-haemanthidine. These alkaloids demonstrated significant cytotoxicity when tested against a panel of human and murine tumor cell lines.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Fenantridinas , Plantas Medicinais/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Camundongos , Porto Rico , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/análise , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/síntese química , Células Cultivadas , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Células KB , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Arábia Saudita , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/análise , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Camundongos , Arábia Saudita , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
A prelimenary study was carried out to evaluate the potential of cultivating Hyoscyamus muticus L. as a source of hyoscyamine. The alkaloid yield was found to be quite favorable for the commercial utilization of this plant.
RESUMO
An investigation of Witheringia coccoloboides (Dammer) A. T. Hunziker [Capsicum fuscoviolaceum (Cufodontis) Mort. And Standl.] roots has resulted in the isolation of two cytotoxic compounds: physalin B (1) and a novel physalin, which was characterized by spectral analysis as 25,26-epidihydrophysalin C (2). Both compounds have demonstrated cytotoxic activity in 9KB and 9PS tumor cells (in vitro). Physalin B (1) has demonstrated moderate activity against the 3PS mouse leukemia (in vivo).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/análise , Esteroides , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Lactonas/farmacologia , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , SecoesteroidesRESUMO
A double-blind clinical trial comparing a 10% ointment prepared from a 95% ethanol extract of Lupinus termis seeds with a 0.02% flumethasone pivalate ointment and a placebo showed that the Lupinus termis extractive was effective in the treatment of chronic eczema. The results obtained with the extract were statistically comparable to those obtained with the corticoid therapy.