A Systematic Review on Traumatic Brain Injury Pathophysiology and Role of Herbal Medicines in its Management.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide problem. Almost about sixtynine million people sustain TBI each year all over the world. Repetitive TBI linked with increased risk of neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, traumatic encephalopathy. TBI is characterized by primary and secondary injury and exerts a severe impact on cognitive, behavioral, psychological and other health problem. There were various proposed mechanism to understand complex pathophysiology of TBI but still there is a need to explore more about TBI pathophysiology. There are drugs present for the treatment of TBI in the market but there is still need of more drugs to develop for better and effective treatment of TBI, because no single drug is available which reduces the further progression of this injury. OBJECTIVE: The main aim and objective of structuring this manuscript is to design, develop and gather detailed data regarding about the pathophysiology of TBI and role of medicinal plants in its treatment. METHOD: This study is a systematic review conducted between January 1995 to June 2021 in which a consultation of scientific articles from indexed periodicals was carried out in Science Direct, United States National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Google Scholar, Elsvier, Springer and Bentham. RESULTS: A total of 54 studies were analyzed, on the basis of literature survey in the research area of TBI. CONCLUSION: Recent studies have shown the potential of medicinal plants and their chemical constituents against TBI therefore, this review targets the detailed information about the pathophysiology of TBI and role of medicinal plants in its treatment.

An update on pathophysiology and treatment of sports-mediated brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder which represents a major health issue worldwide. It causes mortality and disability among all group ages, caused by external force, sports-related events or violence and road traffic accidents. In the USA, approximately one-third people die annually due to injury and 1.7 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury. Every year in India around 1.6 million individuals suffer from sustain brain injury with 200,000 deaths and approximately one million person needed recovery treatment at any stage of time. Sports-related head impact and trauma has become an extremely controversial public health and medico-legal problem that accounts for 20% of all brain injury (including concussion). It is difficult to reverse the primary injury but the secondary injury can be minimized by using proper pharmacological intervention during the initial hours of injury. This article highlights the pathophysiology and types of TBI along with treatment therapies. Till date, there is no single medication that can decrease the progression of the disease so that symptomatic treatment is given to the patient by determining proper pathology. Recently various herbal medicine therapies and traditional supplements have been developed for TBI. Nutritional supplementation and nutraceuticals have exposed potential in the treatment of TBI when used before and after TBI. The compiled data will enable the readers to know the pathophysiology as well as the allopathic and natural remedies to treat the TBI.