Effects of Bioresonance Application in Mice with Depressive-Like Behavior.

We studied the effects of bioresonance application on mice with depressive-like behavior induced by stress. A chronic mild stress model was developed in mice to monitor the effects of bioresonance application. After that, behavioral tests were performed. In the forced swimming test, the animals of the long bioresonance therapy demonstrated shorter group immobility time in comparison with mice of the stress group and stress group without therapy (animals of this group were sacrificed at the same time point as therapy groups in order to reveal a possibility of spontaneously recover in animals after stress without therapy). In the tail suspension test, a decrease in immobility time was observed in the long bioresonance therapy group, stress group, and stress without therapy group. These changes in behavioral test results can indicate that the application of bioresonance in mice can be an effective method of treating depressive-like behavior, but these conclusions should be supported by additional experimental studies and the use of different frequencies.

The effect of diclofenac sodium on neural tube development in the early stage of chick embryos.

BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects are congenital malformations of the central nervous system. Genetic predisposition and some environmental factors play an important role in the development of neural tube defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium on the neural tube development in a chick embryo model that corresponds to the first month of vertebral deve- lopment in mammals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five fertile, specific pathogen-free eggs were incubated for 28 h and were divided into five groups of 15 eggs each. Diclofenac sodium was administered via the sub-blastodermic route at this stage. Incubation was continued till the end of the 48th h. All eggs were then opened and embryos were dissected from embryonic membranes and evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. RESULTS: It was determined that the use of increasing doses of diclofenac sodium led to defects of midline closure in early chicken embryos. There were statistically significant differences in neural tube positions (open or close) among the groups. In addition; crown-rump length, somite number were significantly decreased in high dose experimental groups compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that development of neurons is affected in chi- cken embryos after administration of diclofenac sodium. The exact teratogenic mechanism of diclofenac sodium is not clear; therefore it should be investigated.