Evaluation of Ozone Therapy in Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different application techniques of ozone on the prevalence of postendodontic pain in patients undergoing single-visit root canal treatment. METHODS: hundred eight patients with necrotic pulp in single-rooted teeth and apical periodontitis participated in the trial. A standard single-visit endodontics protocol was followed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and rotary nickel-titanium files. After shaping and cleaning, patients were randomly allocated into the following groups: group 1 (n = 21), ozone treatment with no activation (NA); group 2 (n = 22), ozone treatment with manual dynamic activation (MDA); group 3, (n = 21), ozone treatment with passive ultrasonic activation (PUA); group 4 (n = 23), ozone treatment with sonic activation (SA); and group 5 (n = 21), no ozone treatment (the control group). Patient levels of discomfort were recorded at 6 different time intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Comparison of the mean difference between the groups and time intervals was performed using 2-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: VAS scores were highest for the control > NA > MDA > SA > PUA groups. A statistically significant reduction in VAS scores was observed in the PUA and SA groups in comparison with the NA, control, and MDA groups. Timewise comparison showed a highly significant decline in VAS scores at all time intervals (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonic and sonic activation of ozone resulted in less pain in patients undergoing single-visit endodontics compared with no ozone treatment.

Assessment of various genetic components through NCD-I and NCD-III designs of biparental mating in opium poppy.

Creation of genetic variability and development of varieties having higher yield potential depends on information about nature of gene action. The present investigation was undertaken to decipher the nature of gene action and allied genetic parameters involved in the inheritance of yield and yield-related component traits in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). The biparental inbreeding progenies derived from four segregating base populations of crosses NB-1Kr40-3/3×NB-1Kr30+0.2-2/1, NB-5Kr40-7/2×58/1, NB-1Kr30+0.2-2/1×58/1 and NB-Kr40-3/3×NB-5Kr40-7/2 of opium poppy were analysed to study the gene actions involved in the inheritance of yield and component traits. Additive component of variance played a predominant role in North Carolina design (NCD)-I, while both additive and dominance genetic components were found important in NCD-III design. The presence of additive as well as nonadditive components of variance suggested that one or two generations of intermating in further generations followed by selection may lead to development of novel genotypes.