A 10-Year Retrospective Review of the Nonsurgical Treatment of Infant Ear Anomalies.

BACKGROUND: A review of a single surgeon's 10-year experience treating congenital ear anomalies using nonsurgical ear molding is presented. This study assesses the efficacy of treating a variety of anomalies in infants with age ranging from younger than 1 week to 22 weeks and identifies potential barriers to care. METHODS: A retrospective chart and photographic review of 246 consecutive infants treated with ear molding between 2010 and 2019 was undertaken. Data regarding patient demographics, anomaly classification, device selection, treatment duration, adverse events, and satisfaction with outcomes were collected. RESULTS: This study included 385 infant ear anomalies in 246 patients. Median age at initiation of treatment was 16 days and median treatment duration was 29.5 days. A median number of three devices was needed to complete bilateral treatment. Treated anomalies included mixed deformity, helical rim, prominent, lidding/lop, Stahl ear, conchal crus, cupping, and cryptotia. Complications occurred in 47 patients, with skin breakdown being the most common [26 patients (55.3 percent)]. Satisfaction rate was 92 percent in 137 surveyed parents. Median patient household income was approximately $112,911, and treatment was covered by insurance for 244 of 246 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study outcomes demonstrate that ear molding can be effective in patients as old as 22 weeks without compromising treatment duration or complexity. In addition, in the authors' experience, molding is an effective treatment for the majority of infant ear deformities. Despite a steady increase in patient volume over the past 10 years and consistent coverage of treatment by insurance, the authors' catchment area continues to be largely limited to affluent households. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Evolution of Anomaly-Specific Techniques in Infant Ear Molding: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Congenital ear anomalies occur in at least one-third of the population, and less than one-third of cases self-correct. Ear molding is an alternative to surgery that spares operative morbidity and allows for significantly earlier intervention. In this retrospective study, the senior author (S.B.B.) developed a tailored approach to each specific type of ear deformity. The use of modifications to adapt standard ear molding techniques for each unique ear are described. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective, institutional review board-approved study of 246 patients who underwent ear molding performed by a single surgeon. The procedure reports for each case were reviewed to develop stepwise customization protocols for existing EarWell and InfantEar systems. RESULTS: This review included 385 ears in 246 patients. Patient age at presentation ranged from less than 1 week to 22 weeks. Presenting ear deformities were subclassified into mixed (37.4 percent), helical rim (28.5 percent), prominent (10.6 percent), lidding/lop (9.3 percent), Stahl ear (3.6 percent), conchal crus (3.3 percent), and cupping (2.8 percent). Two patients (0.8 percent) had cryptotia. Deformity subclass could not be obtained for 11 patients (4.5 percent). Recommended modifications to existing ear correction systems are deformity-specific: cotton-tip applicator/setting material (Stahl ear), custom dental compound mold (lidding/lop and cupping), scaphal wire (helical rim), cotton-tip applicator/protrusion excision (prominent), and custom dental compound stent (conchal crus). CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of ear anomalies is heterogenous. This 10-year experience demonstrates that the approach to ear molding should be dynamic and customized, using techniques beyond those listed in system manuals to complement each ear and to improve outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.