Antimony-Phosphomolybdate ATPase Assay.

Hydrolytic activity is an important functional parameter of enzymes like adenosinetriphosphatases (ATPases). It is measured to test enzyme functionality, but it also provides useful information on possible inhibitory effects of molecules that interfere with the hydrolytic process. Here, we describe a molybdenum-based protocol that makes use of potassium antimony (III) oxide tartrate and may be valuable in biochemical and biomedical investigations of ATPase enzymes as well as in high-throughput drug screening. This method has been successfully applied to native and recombinant ATPases.

Effect of clotrimazole on the pump cycle of the Na,K-ATPase.

The effect of the antimycotic drug clotrimazole (CLT) on the Na,K-ATPase was investigated using fluorescence and electrical measurements. The results obtained by steady-state fluorescence experiments with the electrochromic styryl dye RH421 were combined with those achieved by a pre-steady-state method based on fast solution exchange on a solid supported membrane that adsorbs the protein. Both techniques are suitable for monitoring the electrogenic steps of the pump cycle and are in general complementary, yielding distinct kinetic information. The experiments show clearly that CLT affects specific partial reactions of the pump cycle of the Na,K-ATPase with an affinity in the low micromolar range and in a reversible manner. All results can be consistently explained by proposing the CLT-promoted formation of an ion-occluded-CLT-bound conformational E(2) state, E(2)(CLT)(X(2)) that acts as a "dead-end" side track of the pump cycle, where X stands for H+ or K+. Na+ binding, enzyme phosphorylation, and Na+ transport were not affected by CLT, and at high CLT concentrations approximately (1/3) of the enzyme remained active in the physiological transport mode. The presence of Na+ and K+ destabilized the inactivated form of the Na,K-ATPase.