RESUMO
The efficacy of antidemential agents proven in comprehensive studies and by clinical experience, now justifies an active and positive approach by the general physician to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dementia. The proposals on how to implement diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the doctor's office comply both with medical quality criteria and the requirements for appropriateness of treatment and considerations of economy stipulated by German law. They therefore provide the basis for a modern diagnostic work-up and treatment strategy, which will also meet economical demands.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Fenilcarbamatos , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Carbamatos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Di-Hidroergotoxina/uso terapêutico , Donepezila , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Galantamina/uso terapêutico , Ginkgo biloba , Humanos , Indanos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Memantina/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Nimodipina/uso terapêutico , Nootrópicos/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Piracetam/uso terapêutico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Rivastigmina , Fatores de Tempo , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A protein component derived from bacterial protoplasm, called Protodyne, increases the non-specific resistance to infections by bacteria and viruses. Here we show that Protodyne can be prepared not only from Gram-negative bacteria, but also from Gram-positive bacilli. Several preparations of Protodyne, prepared from Bacillus subtilis by phenol extraction or by ammonium sulfate precipitation, were evaluated for immunomodulatory activities in a variety of assays. Protodyne had a marked mitogenic activity on mouse spleen cells; it was a potent inducer of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and stimulated production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; it increased the capacity of activated macrophages to undergo a respiratory burst, to produce intracellular killing of leishmanial parasite and extracellular lysis of mastocytoma cells; it also stimulated phagocytosis of latex particles, and prolonged survival of immunosuppressed mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These activities were not inhibited by polymyxin B, indicating that the activity of Protodyne is not the result of contamination with exogenous lipopolysaccharide. It appears that Protodyne exerts its many immunomodulatory actions by inducing the release of soluble mediators, including TNF and IL-1.