Application of tissue culture technology of medicinal plants in sustainable development of Chinese medicinal resources / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicinal resources are the cornerstone of the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. However, due to the fecundity of species, over-exploitation, and limitations of artificial cultivation, some medicinal plants are depleted and even endangered. Tissue culture, a breakthrough technology in the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, is not limited by time and space, and can allow the production on an annual basis, which plays an important role in the protection of Chinese medicinal resources. The present study reviewed the applications of tissue culture of medicinal plants in the field of Chinese medicinal resources, including rapid propagation of medicinal plant seedlings, breeding of novel high-yield and high-quality cultivars, construction of a genetic transformation system, and production of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the current challenges and suggestions for the future development of this field were also proposed.

Clinical study of Shenqi Dihuang Decoction and Xiaochengqi Decoction combined with hemodialysis in the treatment of the patients with CKD stage 5 and Qi and Yin deficiency and turbid poison inherent pattern / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Shenqi Dihuang Decoction and Xiaochengqi Decoction enema combined with hemodialysis in the treatment of qi deficiency, blood stasis and dampness and turbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 102 elderly CKD stage 5 patients with Qi and Yin deficiency and turbid poison inherent type were selected from May 2021 to January 2022 of the Beijing Longfu Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method. Control group (51 cases) received hemodialysis treatment for 4 weeks, and the observation group (51 cases) received Shenqi Dihuang Decoction and Xiaochengqi Decoction enema combined with hemodialysis treatment for 4 weeks. The levels of BUN, SCr and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and K +, Ca 2+, P 3- content, hemoglobin were detected by automatic blood cell analyzer, and serum CRP and IL-6 levels were detected by latex enhanced immune scattering turbidimetry. The adverse reactions during the treatment and evaluate the clinical efficacy were observed and recorded. Results:During the treatment, 2 patients in the observation group withdrew from the study due to severe diarrhea, and other patients completed the study. There were significant differences in total response rate between observation group and control group [91.84%(45/49) vs. 74.51%(38/51); χ2=5.32, P=0.002]. After treatment, scores of lumbar and knee acerbity, tiredness and fatigue, edema, dizziness and tinnitus, fear of cold and warm, yellow face, dry stool and total score in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=8.38, 13.44, 15.14, 13.09, 7.12, 7.73, 11.16, 11.45, P<0.01); the scores of SF-12-PCS and SF-12-MCS were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=3.24, 4.22, P<0.01). After treatment, levels of serum BUN [(15.02±2.35)mmoL/L vs. (18.02±3.65)mmoL/L, t=4.87], SCr[(155.26±23.65) μmol/L vs. (184.49±35.49) μmol/L, t=4.83], β2-MG[(7.12±1.27)mg/L vs. (9.56±2.14)mg/L, t=6.90] and P 3-[(1.51±0.10) mmol/L vs. (2.02±0.19) mmol/L, t=16.70], K +[(3.65±0.54) mmol/L vs. (4.21±0.63)mmol/L, t=4.76] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); Ca 2+[(1.86±0.36)mmol/L vs. (2.35±0.42)mmol/L, t=6.25] was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01). No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment in the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Shenqi Dihuang Decoction and Xiaochengqi Decoction enema and hemodialysis can improve renal function, correct electrolyte disorder, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, improve the quality of life, and improve the therapeutic effect of the patients with CKD stage 5 and Qi and Yin deficiency and turbid poison inherent pattern.

Analysis on Modernization Strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Communication in the Perspective of Digital China / 中国医学伦理学

In the context of global digitalization, the digitalization development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is inevitable. The construction of digital China should comply with the development trend of the information age and the general situation of domestic and international development, be forward-looking, scientifically planned, and coordinated to promote. The "14th Five Year Plan" also clearly pointed out that "Internet plus TCM" should be elevated to the level of national development strategy, and the digitalization transformation of TCM will definitely become a consensus for the transformation and development of TCM disciplines in the new era and new period. Based on the materials, this paper analyzed the dilemmas faced by the modernization of TCM culture dissemination, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, with a view to contributing to the power of TCM to promote the construction of digital China.

Herbal Textual Research on Platycodonis Radix in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In this paper， the name， origin， quality evaluation， producing area and processing methods of Platycodonis Radix used in the famous classical formulas are researched by consulting related materia medicas， prescription books and medical books of the past dynasties. It was found that Platycodonis Radix was the correct name in the materia medicas of the past dynasties， which was named for its "roots are strong but the stems are straight". Its dominant base of the past dynasties was Platycodon grandiflorus， and since the Ming and Qing dynasties， Hexian county of Anhui has been respected as the representative authentic producing area. In modern times， it has been concluded that the quality of Platycodonis Radix is best if the body is dry， thick and uniform， solid， white in color， and bitter in taste. In ancient times， the processing methods of Platycodonis Radix were mainly removing the reed head and floating skin， rice simmering and drying， and slicing and micro-frying. In modern times， its processing methods have been mainly simplified to peeling and cutting into thick slices. Therefore， it is recommended to use the dry roots of P. grandiflorus and its raw products in the famous classical formulas.

Clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating patients with dysphagia after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a commonly occurring condition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after radiotherapy. There has been an increasing number of studies focused on assessing the use of acupuncture to manage dysphagia. Moreover, the quality of the research has gradually increased. The present research will be conducted to systematically evaluate the efficiency and safety of using acupuncture to treat cases of dysphagia after radiation therapy in NPC patients. METHODS: Literature search will include all potential randomized controlled trials using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature, and WanFang database from their inception to May, 2021 without language or publication status restrictions, to evaluate the efficiency and safety of using acupuncture to treat dysphagia cases following radiation therapy in NPC patients. A couple of independent authors will select related literature, extract data from studies, and estimate this risk in the bias of the selected study articles. In the instance of contrasting opinions, the outcome is mediated through discussion with a different independent author. The data synthesis and statistical analysis will be completed with the RevMan software (version 5.3). RESULTS: This study will evaluate the efficiency and safety of using acupuncture to treat dysphagia cases after radiation therapy in NPC patients. CONCLUSION: This study will determine the suitability of acupuncture as an effective and safe intervention for dysphagia in NPC patients after radiotherapy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The present study does not need ethical approval. REGISTRATION NUMBER: May 19, 2021.osf.io/f2cvt. (https://osf.io/f2cvt/).

[Qualitative and quantitative analysis of quassinoid diterpenoids from Eurycoma longifolia by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS].

In this work, a sensitive and efficient method was established and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of major quassinoid diterpenoids constituents from the extract of Eurycoma longifolia by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18) RRHD(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 µm) column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18) RRHD(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 µm)column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The data was collected by electrospray ionization in positive mode. According to the contrast of the reference standards and the accurate masses of molecules, a total of 32 quassinoid diterpenoids in E. longifolia extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. For quantitative the linear range of 4 detected quassinoid diterpenoids were good(r≥0.999 6), and the overall recoveries ranged from 90.35% to 106.4%, with the RSD ranging from 1.8% to 3.6%. The method was accurate, reliable and efficient, and could comprehensively reflect the chemical constituents and content of E. longifolia, and could provide a reference for further elucidating its pharmacological basis and quality control.

Bushen Tiaogan prescription reverses prednisone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have found that Bushen Tiaogan prescription can significantly reduce pain and improve the clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly patients with osteoporosis. The clinical effect is positive, but there is no relevant experimental evidence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription and its therapeutic effect on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: The zebrafish juveniles 5 hours after fertilization were evenly distributed into 24-well plates at a density of 20 per well. Different concentrations of Bushen Tiaogan prescription (crude drug concentrations 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg/L) were added to the corresponding wells. The development of the embryos was observed at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after fertilization, and the cumulative survival rate and hatching rate were used to evaluate the safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. The zebrafish juveniles 3 days after fertilization were randomly divided into blank control group (0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide), 25 µmol/L prednisolone model group, alendronate sodium positive drug group and Bushen Tiaogan prescription (10, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg/L) groups, with 40 in each group. The culture fluid was changed every day and executed at the 8th day. Zebrafish juveniles were dyed using alizarin red for microscopic detection and digital imaging and the bone staining area was quantitatively analyzed by image software to evaluate the anti-osteoporosis activity of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The low-concentration Bushen Tiaogan prescription had no effect on embryo survival rate and hatching rate, while the high-concentration Bushen Tiaogan prescription could reduce embryo survival rate and hatching rate. Prednisolone, 25 µmol/L, was able to successfully induce significant loss of bone mass in zebrafish. Compared with the model group, 50, 100 and 250 mg/L Bushen Tiaogan prescription could resist prednisolone-induced zebrafish osteoporosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations, there was no significant anti-osteoporosis effect, and at high concentrations, anti-osteoporosis effect showed a downward trend. These findings indicate that 25 µmol/L prednisolone successfully induces the establishment of zebrafish osteoporosis model, and successfully evaluates the initial safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. Bushen Tiaogan prescription begins to show an anti-osteoporosis effect at 50 mg/L, and has the most significant anti-osteoporosis effect at 250 mg/L.

Design and implementation of real-time control of changes to national Chinese medicine resources fill system based on GIS / 中国中药杂志

The dynamic monitoring data of traditional Chinese medicine resources is one of the important tasks of the dynamic monitoring system of Chinese medicine resources,the system has formed a periodic monitoring data reporting mechanism. Data authenticity and accuracy are the basis for the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese medicine resources dynamic monitoring,information technology is an effective means to improve the efficiency of data reporting, reporting quality. Data production based on dynamic monitoring is of great significance for grasp the trend of change and development of Chinese medicine resources. In order to achieve the real-time control of changes to the national Chinese medicine resources, we build the Chinese medicine resources dynamic monitoring system. In order to solve the problems in practice, we have upgraded the fill system by using the data of GIS. In order to achieve the multidimensional, improve safety, practicality and standardization of the data, which laid a foundation for subsequent processing of data. The system can collect the information of the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines,production and sales of daily reporting data, provide the Chinese herbal medicine market,fast growing industry environment such as positioning center. In this paper, the design and implementation of the system are expounded.According to the business requirements, we designed 12 forms, 98 collection indicators to meet the needs of dynamic monitoring of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper will introduce the development content, design and implementation, main function characteristics and application effect of the national Chinese medicine resources fill System. To explain the role that GIS technology plays in the system and how to realize the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, production and sales of daily reporting data, provide the Chinese herbal medicine market,fast growing industry environment such as positioning center,and information collecting.

Effect of Taohong Qinlian Decoction on HMGB1 in Septic Rat Cardiac Muscle / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, troponin I (Tn I) release in septic rats, and to explore themechanism of Taohong Qinlian Decoction (TQD) in the treatment of septic myocardial injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade were randomly divided into the sham-operation group (Sham), the sepsis model group (CLP), and the TQD treatment group (ZY), 16 in each group. Concen-trations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I, and HMGB1 expression were detected in each group at 24 and 48 h after operation. Pathological changes of cardiac muscle were observed under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I and HMGB1 at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly higher in the CLP group than in the Sham group (P < 0.01). Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Tn I, and HMGB1 at 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly lower in the ZY group than in the CLP group (P < 0.05). Myocardial injury occurred in the CLP and the ZY group under light microscope. And this injury was more severe in the CLP group than in the ZY group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TQL could reduce the level of sepsis-related inflammatory cytokines and protect myocardium in septic rats.</p>

Beneficial effects of Xuebijing injection on random skin flap survival in rats.

BACKGROUND: Improving survival of random skin flaps has important implications of reconstruction, and various kinds of agents have been tested for this purpose. In this study, the effects of Xuebijing (XBJ) injection on random skin flap survival in rats were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: McFarlane flaps were established in 40 rats divided into two groups. XBJ was injected into the test group, and the same concentration of saline was injected into controls. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemically evaluated, and the survival area of the flaps, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde contents were examined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, we found the mean survival area of the flaps in the test group was significantly larger, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and superoxide dismutase activity increased markedly in the test group, malondialdehyde level in the test group was significantly lower, and the hematoxylin and eosin-stained slices showed that inflammation was clearly inhibited in the test group. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, XBJ improved survival of random skin flaps.

Chemical constitunents of seeds of Oroxylum indicum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in the seeds of Oroxylum indicum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Twenty compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as oroxin A (1), oroxin B (2), chrysin (3), baicalein (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), kaempferol (7), quercetin-3-O-ara-binopyranoside (8), lupeol C9), lup-20 (29)-ene-2alpha,3beta-diol (10), pinosylvin (11), dihydropinosylvin (12), cholest-5-ene-3, 7-diol (13), rengyol (14), isorengyol (15), zarzissine (16), (E) -pinosylvin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), adenosine (18), sitosterol (19) and daucosterol (20).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 11-13 and 15-18 were obtained from the genus Oroxylum for the first time, and except compound 18, the remaining 6 compounds were obtained from the family Bignoniaceae for the first time.</p>

Discussing on the therapy of warming yang in the treatment of tumor / 国际中医中药杂志

The therapy of removing beat and toxic,strengthening the body to cultivate the fundamental is the mainstream of treating cancer in traditional Chinese medicine up to now,and the therapy of warming yang has been rarely involved.While the pathogenesis of tumor is spleen and kidney yang deficiency in root,and phlegm,stasis,and poison entangled with each other at the secondary position; the main therapeutical principle of tumor is simultaneous application of purging-tonifying therapy while focusing on protecting yang.The author believes that the treatment of cancer should pay attention to the whole concept,especially warming yang for patients with advanced tumors.The therapy of warming yang is an effective way to get rid of phlegm and blood stasis.Patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be paid more attention to warming yang.

Advance in Therapy of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine for Shoulder-Hand Syndrome after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Shoulder-hand syndrome is a common complication in patients with stroke.This paper would review the therapies or approaches for the shoulder-hand syndrome.

Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds.

Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.

Isolation, purification and structural analysis of GL-PP-3A, an active polysaccharide peptide from Ganoderma lucidum / 药学学报

GL-PP-3A, an active polysaccharide peptide, was isolated and purified from Ganoderma lucidum, and then its structure was analyzed. Crude polysaccharide peptides were extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with hot water, precipitated with ethanol and then dialyzed from Ganoderma lucidum. Subsequently GL-PP-3A was isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharide peptides by fractional precipitation and chromatography of Bio-Gel P-10 column. The repetitive unit of GL-PP-3A was analyzed by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. GL-PP-3A is a heteropolysaccharide which is composed mainly of glucose (Glc), and also contains saccharide residues such as rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) and 17 kinds of amino acids. Its weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) were 1.7 x 10(4) and 1.1 x 10(4), respectively, with the ratio of Mw/Mn ( molecular weight distribution) being of 1.49. Its backbone chain is composed of 1,6-linked beta-D-Glcp and 1,3-liked beta-D-Glcp at a ratio of 2:1. Some of 1,6-linked glucose residuals of the backbone chain are substituted at 2-0 or 3-0, and there are 1 to 3 1,6-linked beta-D-Galp or 1,3-linked alpha-D-Manp in the branched chains, the nonreducing ends of which consist mainly of beta-D-Glcp and a few Rha.

Immunopharmacological action of sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum, and its mechanism of action in treating rheumatoid arthritis / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the effects of sinomenine on the immune functions and apoptosis of murine lymphocyte as well as on human synovial fibroblast proliferation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both in vivo and in vitro tests were adopted. The lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens was assayed by MTT method. Spleen T lymphocyte subtypes were tested with flow cytometry. Spleen lymphocyte apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and DNA ladder methods. In vitro test was adopted to observe the effects of sinomenine on the proliferation of human fibroblast of rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sinomenine can inhibit the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes induced by ConA, LPS and anti-CD3 mAb but not PMA in vitro, and inhibit the proliferation induced by LPS and PMA in vivo. Sinomenine can reduce up-regulated CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocyte subtype in adjuvant arthritis rat. At the same concentration increased apoptosis ratio. As to human synovial fibroblast, sinomenine can significantly inhibit proliferation of human fibroblast.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sinomenine can inhibit the immunological function and correct imbalance of CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocyte subtype. It can also increase apoptosis ratio of spleen lymphocyte. This may be the mechanism of its immunological inhibitory effect.</p>

Comparison of the effects of polysaccharides from wood-cultured and bag-cultured Ganoderma lucidum on murine spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To compare the influences of wood-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS-WC) and bag-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS-BC) on the proliferation activities of murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro, and investigate whether Gl-PS-BC can be substituted for Gl-PS-WC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction, lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A, 1 mg.L-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg.L-1), MLC reactions inhibited by immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporine A (CsA, 0.1 mg.L-1), mitomycin (Mit C, 0.1 mg.L-1), or antitumor drug, etoposide (VP-16, 0.1 mg.L-1), were detected in the presence or absence of Gl-PS-WC and Gl-PS-BC in the concentration range of 0.2-12.8 mg.L-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two kinds of polysaccharides were shown to promote MLC in the range of 0.2-12.8 mg.L-1, increase lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or LPS and antagonize the inhibitory effects of CsA, Mit C or VP-16 on MLC. No significant difference was observed between these two kinds of polysaccharides in selected concentrations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gl-PS-WC and Gl-PS-BC showed similar effects on the proliferation activities of murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro.</p>

Antioxidant effect of Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the antioxidant effect of Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Copper was used as oxidant to induce low lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification, and alloxan was given i.v. to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury in mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GLPP decreased oxidation of LDL and the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of oxidative product of LDL. After GLPP was given i.p. for 20 days, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and heart of mice was decreased. The GSHpx enzyme activity was increased, while the SOD level was decreased. The catalase(CAT) levels were not significantly changed by GLPP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GLPP showed antioxidant effect by scavenging ROS or enhancing the enzyme activity of GSHpx in vivo and in vitro.</p>