A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Preservation of Bread: An Approach to Adopt Wholesome Strategies.

Bread is a food that is commonly recognized as a very convenient type of food, but it is also easily prone to microbial attack. As a result of bread spoilage, a significant economic loss occurs to both consumers and producers. For years, the bakery industry has sought to identify treatments that make bread safe and with an extended shelf-life to address this economic and safety concern, including replacing harmful chemical preservatives. New frontiers, on the other hand, have recently been explored. Alternative methods of bread preservation, such as microbial fermentation, utilization of plant and animal derivatives, nanofibers, and other innovative technologies, have yielded promising results. This review summarizes numerous research findings regarding the bio-preservation of bread and suggests potential applications of these techniques. Among these techniques, microbial fermentation using lactic acid bacteria strains and yeast has drawn significant interest nowadays because of their outstanding antifungal activity and shelf-life extending capacity. For example, bread slices with Lactobacillus plantarum LB1 and Lactobacillus rossiae LB5 inhibited fungal development for up to 21 days with the lowest contamination score. Moreover, various essential oils and plant extracts, such as lemongrass oil and garlic extracts, demonstrated promising results in reducing fungal growth on bread and other bakery products. In addition, different emerging bio-preservation strategies such as the utilization of whey, nanofibers, active packaging, and modified atmospheric packaging have gained considerable interest in recent days.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs' menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.

Use of baru (Brazilian almond) waste from physical extraction of oil to produce gluten free cakes.

The extraction of oil from baru almonds produces a waste that carries part of their nutritional qualities and antioxidants. It can be used to produce partially deffated baru flour (PDBF). We aimed to evaluate the applicability of PDBF and the effect of the addition of xanthan gum (XG) to produce gluten free cakes. Cakes were prepared with 100% wheat flour (WF cake) and with 100% PDBF and four different levels of XG (0%-PDBF cake, 0.1%-X1, 0.2%-X2 and 0.3%-X3 cakes), and evaluated for composition, antioxidants, moisture, specific volume, texture and sensory acceptance. PDBF cakes showed lower carbohydrate values, but higher protein, lipids, calories and antioxidant contents. They were rich in fiber, as well as iron, zinc and copper. The replacement of WF by PDBF resulted in an increased hardness and adhesiveness and a decreased cohesiveness, elasticity and moisture. Chewiness of X2 cake was similar to that of WF cake. X2 and X3 cakes showed specific volume closer to that of WF cake. No difference was found among the treatments for texture and appearance acceptances. Flavor of X2 and X3 cakes were more accepted than WF cake. Acceptance of all cakes were in the liking region of hedonic scale. PBDF associated to XG is a feasible option to substitute WF in gluten free cake, improving its nutritional quality.

[Socio-demographic and food insecurity characteristics of soup-kitchen users in Brazil]. / Perfil e situação de insegurança alimentar dos usuários dos Restaurantes Populares no Brasil.

This study aimed to characterize users of a government soup-kitchen program and the association with family food insecurity, using a cross-sectional design and random sample of 1,637 soup-kitchen users. The study used a questionnaire with socioeconomic variables and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and measured weight and height. The chi-square test was applied, and the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Prevalent characteristics included per capita income ranging from one-half to one minimum wage (35.1%), complete middle school (39.8%), and food security (59.4%). Users in the North of Brazil showed the worst data: incomplete primary school (39.8%), per capita income up to one-half the minimum wage (50.8%), and food insecurity (55.5%). Prevalence ratios for food insecurity were higher among users with per capita income up to one-fourth the minimum wage (p < 0.05). Income was the only variable that remained associated with higher prevalence of food insecurity in the adjusted PR. Knowing the characteristics of soup-kitchen users with food insecurity can help orient the program's work, location, and operations.

Perfil e situação de insegurança alimentar dos usuários dos Restaurantes Populares no Brasil / Socio-demographic and food insecurity characteristics of soup-kitchen users in Brazil / Perfil y situación de seguridad alimentaria en usuarios de restaurantes populares en Brasil

O objetivo foi identificar o perfil dos usuários do programa Restaurantes Populares e suas associações com a situação de insegurança alimentar domiciliar. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de 1.637 usuários. Foi utilizado um questionário com variáveis socioeconômicas, a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e aferidos peso e altura. Foram aplicados o teste de qui- quadrado, cálculo das razões de prevalência (RP) bruta e ajustada, utilizando-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson. Foram prevalentes a faixa de renda per capita entre ½ e 1 salário mínimo (35,1%), o Ensino Médio completo (39,8%) e a segurança alimentar (59,4%). Os usuários da Região Norte apresentaram os piores dados: Ensino Fundamental incompleto (39,8%), faixa de renda per capita de até ½ salário mínimo (50,8%) e insegurança alimentar (55,5%). Houve maior RP de insegurança alimentar entre os usuários que apresentaram renda per capita de até » do salário mínimo (p < 0,05). Apenas renda manteve-se associada à maior prevalência de insegurança alimentar na RP ajustada. As características dos usuários em insegurança alimentar podem orientar a melhoria desta ação, os critérios de localização e funcionamento do Programa Restaurantes Populares.

This study aimed to characterize users of a government soup-kitchen program and the association with family food insecurity, using a cross-sectional design and random sample of 1,637 soup-kitchen users. The study used a questionnaire with socioeconomic variables and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and measured weight and height. The chi-square test was applied, and the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Prevalent characteristics included per capita income ranging from one-half to one minimum wage (35.1%), complete middle school (39.8%), and food security (59.4%). Users in the North of Brazil showed the worst data: incomplete primary school (39.8%), per capita income up to one-half the minimum wage (50.8%), and food insecurity (55.5%). Prevalence ratios for food insecurity were higher among users with per capita income up to one-fourth the minimum wage (p < 0.05). Income was the only variable that remained associated with higher prevalence of food insecurity in the adjusted PR. Knowing the characteristics of soup-kitchen users with food insecurity can help orient the program’s work, location, and operations.

El objetivo fue identificar el perfil de los usuarios del programa Restaurantes Populares y su vinculación con la situación de inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar. Se trata de un estudio transversal con un muestreo aleatorio de 1.637 usuarios. Se utilizó un cuestionario con variables socioeconómicas, la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y se midieron peso y altura. Se aplicó el chi-cuadrado, la razón de prevalencia (RP) bruta y ajustada, con el modelo de regresión de Poisson. Fueron prevalentes la banda de ingresos per cápita entre ½ y 1 salario mínimo (35,1%), educación secundaria completada (39,8%) y seguridad alimentaria (59,4%). Los usuarios de la Región Norte presentaron los peores datos: educación primaria incompleta (39,8%), banda de ingresos per cápita de hasta ½ salario mínimo (50,8%) e inseguridad alimentaria (55,5%). Hubo una mayor RP de inseguridad alimentaria entre los usuarios que presentaron ingresos per cápita de hasta » del salario mínimo (p < 0,05). Sólo el ingreso se mantuvo vinculado a la mayor prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria en la RP ajustada. Las características de los usuarios con inseguridad alimentaria pueden orientar en la mejoría acciones, respecto a los criterios de ubicación y funcionamiento del programa restaurantes populares.

Psyllium as a substitute for gluten in bread.

Celiac disease is an antibody-mediated enteropathy that presents permanent intolerance to ingested gluten. Currently, only one kind of treatment is available: the complete dietary elimination of all sources of gluten. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of replacing gluten with psyllium on sensory characteristics of bread dough and to compare the chemical, nutritional, technological, and sensory characteristics of the modified preparations. This study is experimental and was subdivided into five steps: selection and development of preparation, chemical analysis, sensory analysis, and statistical analysis. Modified samples of the bread dough achieved a 93.0% acceptance rate for individuals with celiac disease and up to 97.0% for individuals without celiac disease. The most affected characteristics were odor and texture. In terms of chemical composition of the bread dough, energy was reduced by 32.1% and the fat fraction was 42.3% before being cooked. Data obtained from sensory analysis of psyllium doughs indicate that the products had good acceptance by individuals with celiac disease as well as by individuals without celiac disease. This suggests that psyllium can replace gluten in preparations. Furthermore, in terms of chemical composition, products made with modified dough had less fat and fewer calories.