Brain selenium accumulation in rat pups of selenium supplemented mothers.

Selenium is essential for normal mammalian development. Being a component of antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, it plays a major role in protecting the cells from free radical damage. The level of glutathione peroxidase was directly related to the amount of selenium present in various tissues and organs. A decrease in selenium leads to various pathological changes in humans as well as in various laboratory animals. The aim of the present study was to understand whether there is an increase in the level of selenium in different brain regions of rat pups whose mothers were supplemented with selenium, either 2 or 4 mg/l of their drinking water throughout the period of their pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the level of selenium in the cerebellum, cortex and hypothalamic and hippocampal tissues of selenium supplemented mothers as compared with those of non-supplemented mothers. The brain stem of these animals did not show any significant difference in the level of selenium. Furthermore, the differences in the level of selenium between the rat pups of 2 mg/l selenium supplemented mothers and 4 mg/l selenium supplemented mothers were not statistically significant. These studies suggest that supplementation of selenium to mothers during the period of their pregnancy can selectively increase the level of this trace element in different brain regions. Further studies are necessary to understand the significance of selective accumulation of selenium in specific brain regions on brain development and function.

Pre- and postnatal tissue selenium of the rat in the growing state.

The aim of this study is to quantify the selenium (Se) content (in microg/g) during different gestational periods in rat fetal tissues, and to follow up the changes in the Se content of the placenta, fetal head, liver and lung during gestation and postpartum periods. Locally reared virgin female Wistar rats were mated. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on days 15, 18 and 21 of pregnancy. Newborn pups at the age of 3 days and rats at the age of 1 month were also investigated. There was a gradual increase in placental and whole head Se content as gestation proceeded compared to day 15; however, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The liver Se content at day 18 of gestation was significantly higher than at day 21 of gestation and in rats at 3 days of age, but lower than the Se content of the liver of rats at the age of 1 month and the differences were statistically significant. The lung Se content was higher at day 18 of gestation than at day 21 and in the 3-day-old rats, and all differences between all groups were statistically significant except when the lung Se content at day 18 is compared to that of 1-month-old animals. The continuous increase in the Se content of the placental tissues and the whole head, although not significant statistically, may indicate that the fetus relies heavily on its supply of Se from the maternal blood and in part on the supply of thyroid hormones which are important for brain development, as evidence exists that T(4) and T(3) are present in the fetal brain in early fetal life before the onset of fetal thyroid function. The higher content of Se on day 18 and its decline on day 21 of gestation in the liver may imply that it is stored and being utilized partly in other tissues for other functions and particularly for thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism and functions.