RESUMO
Sows were fed ovalbumin (OvA) as a novel protein antigen either throughout gestation and lactation (G + L) or during lactation only (L). This resulted in a significant uptake of OvA into blood, colostrum and milk along with a specific IgG response. In piglets from the G + L group, OvA and antibodies to OvA were detected in serum after ingestion of colostrum. In a large proportion of these piglets OvA was still detected at 3 weeks of age. In the L group a significant proportion of the piglets responded to OvA whilst still suckling their mother. At 3 weeks of age all piglets were weaned onto an egg-based diet. A similar uptake of OvA was seen in all piglets but there was no response to OvA in the G + L piglets. In piglets from sows fed only during lactation, however, a rapid IgG anti-OvA response and signs of diarrhoea were seen. The results suggest that factors of immunological importance are passed over from mother to offspring and it is proposed that immunological experience of dietary antigens by the mother is important for a 'safe' tolerance induction in her offspring.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Colostro/imunologia , Dieta , Feminino , Tolerância Imunológica , Imunoglobulina G/análise , SuínosRESUMO
The morphology and some of the in vitro functional properties of the cells in the mammary secretions of sows have been examined. A mean cell yield of 1 x 10(7) cells/ml was obtained from sow colostrum but during the first week post-partum the yield decreased approximately 10 fold. The polymorphonuclear leucocyte was the predominant cell type in colostrum and milk and was associated with varying proportions of lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells. The phagocytes of sow milk ingested heat-killed yeast, although the phagocytic index for milk macrophages was low compared with autologous neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. Milk whey provided an effective opsonising medium for yeast ingestion. Intra-mammary immunisation of sows with ovalbumin induced antigen-reactive lymphocytes in both peripheral blood and milk.
Assuntos
Colostro/citologia , Leite/citologia , Suínos/imunologia , Animais , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Imunização , Linfócitos/citologia , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , FagocitoseAssuntos
Grupos de População Animal/imunologia , Animais Lactentes/imunologia , Leite/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Bovinos , Colostro/imunologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Imunoglobulinas , Linfócitos/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Leite/citologia , GravidezAssuntos
Anticorpos/imunologia , Artiodáctilos/imunologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Bovinos , Colostro/imunologia , Sistema Digestório/imunologia , Cabras , Cavalos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Leite/imunologia , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Sistema Respiratório/imunologia , Ovinos , SuínosRESUMO
The newborn pig relies on colostrum as its sole source for serum antibody and milk for its intestinal antibody during most of the post natal period. Colostrum and milk are well adapted to perform their very different immune functions--immunoglobulin in colostrum being derived from serum, whereas milk antibodies are locally produced in the mammary gland and mirror the immunoglobulin profile of adult intestinal juice. Intramammary vaccination is far superior to intramuscular vaccination because it produces not only a local but a systemic response. Oral vaccination is similarly effective. Vaccination of one mammary gland results in antibody activity in the secretion of all glands. Irrespective of the route of vaccination, antibody activity is found in all immunoglobulin classes. The main site of immunoglobulin-containing cells is the lamina propria of the intestinal tract, suggesting that the gut is a major site of immunoglobulin formation. In the piglet, immunoglobulin producing cells first appear in the gut at the end of the first week of life and reach a mature profile after a month. During this period the piglet is likely to be capable of responding to orally presented antigens.
Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos , Suínos/imunologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/imunologia , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/imunologia , Colostro/imunologia , Duodeno/imunologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Secreções Intestinais/imunologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Leite/imunologia , Gravidez , VacinaçãoRESUMO
The in vivo and in vitro resistance of bovine Igs to proteolysis was investigated. IgG1 was found to be more resistant than either bovine IgG2 or porcine IgG and possessed a similar degree of resistance to that of bovine IgA.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas , Pronase/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Colostro/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Cadeias alfa de Imunoglobulina/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Componente Secretório , SuínosRESUMO
The influence of the route of vaccination on the systemic and local immune response has been studied in the sow with ferritin antigen using three methods of vaccination: 1. intramuscular with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA); 2. intramammary without FCA; 3. intramammary with FCA. Intramammary vaccination was found to be superior to intramuscular vaccination in producing both a local and systemic response. Folowing stimulation by either route, antibody activity was found in all immunoglobulin classes, the major amount of antibody activity in a body fluid correlating with the major immunoglobulin class in that fluid. Antibody production was increased in all immunoglobulin classes by using FCA. Vaccination of one gland resulted in antibody activity in the secretions of the other mammary glands.