RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-Sertão), Anacardiaceae, is one of the most used plants in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil as an anti-inflammatory, healing and antiulcer. This species is threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. The importance of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a conservationist model of replacement of the M. urundeuva adult tree (inner bark) for its under developing plants (shoots) in order to ensure the preservation of this species, but also to ensure sufficient raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY: To characterize chemically and assess the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the fluid extracts from M. urundeuva innebark (adult plant) as well as stem and leaves of shoots (young plant). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fluid extracts were prepared by maceration-percolation with hydroalcoholic solution according to the methodology described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. These extracts were cleaned-up through solid phase extraction (SPE) and chemically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS). Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts (700 or 1000â¯mg/kg) were assessed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Croton oil-induced ear edema in rats, respectively. The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. RESULTS: The UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis evidenced the presence of chalcones, flavonoids and tannins. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities achieved with fluid extracts from the stems and leaves was similar to inner bark. The fluid extracts were not toxic. CONCLUSION: It is possible to replace the inner bark of the adult tree for the stems and leaves from the shoots as raw material to be used in the preparation of its the phytotherapeutics. Therefore, this finding may help in the implementation of public policies that ensure the conservation of the species along with its sustainable use for pharmaceutical purposes.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Etanol , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Camundongos , Casca de Planta , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
This study describes the effects of extracts and fractions of Persea willdenovii leaves against goat gastrointestinal nematodes and their cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of the crude ethanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate (EAE), butanolic and residual hydroethanolic extracts were assessed through the inhibition of egg hatching and larval motility assays. The most active extract (EAE) was then fractionated by chromatography in an open column containing silica gel, to furnish six fractions (Fr1-Fr6), which were also tested. The cytotoxicity of active extracts and fractions was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. The EAE and two fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) showed inhibitory activity in the egg hatching of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in a concentration-dependent manner. The effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of egg hatching were 2.3, 0.12 and 2.94 mg/ml for EAE, Fr1 and Fr2, respectively. All extracts and fractions were not effective in inhibiting 50% of motility of infective larvae. EAE and Fr2 had IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) of 4.95 and 2.66 mg/ml, respectively. Fr1 showed a slight cytotoxic effect (cellular inviability <30%) only after 48 h of treatment (MTT test). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the presence of six fatty acid ethyl esters, a fatty acid methyl ester and a long-chain ketone in the most active fraction. These constituents identified in P. willdenovii can be related to the high ovicidal activity and relatively non-toxic effect of the extracts.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/toxicidade , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Persea/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/química , Anti-Helmínticos/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Cabras , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/fisiologia , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Nematoides/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Células VeroRESUMO
Spathodea campanulata is used in traditional medicine in Africa as diuretic and anti-inflammatory. Although few studies have reported the mechanism of antioxidant action, this study evidenced the antioxidant activity of S. campanulata bark and flower extracts and their possible mechanism of action. Ethanol extracts of S. campanulata bark and flowers showed antioxidant activity on lipid peroxidation of liver microsome induced by Fe3+-ascorbic acid. Bark extract was 5 times more efficient than flower extract. The antioxidant activity of flower extract, previously complexed with increasing concentrations of Fe3+ (20 - 100 µM) which resulted in antioxidant activity loss, was shown to be related to iron complex formation. In contrast, the antioxidant activity of bark extract was not inhibited by the previous incubation with Fe3+, although complexation was demonstrated by spectral analysis of the solution. These results suggest an antioxidant mechanism other than Fe3+ complex formation. Therefore, the antioxidant mechanisms of S. campanulata flower and bark extracts are distinct from each other, reflecting the extract heterogeneous composition and the mechanism of action.
Spathodea campanulata é usada na medicina popular na África como diurético e antiinflamatório. Embora poucos estudos relatem o mecanismo de ação antioxidante, neste trabalho foi evidenciado a atividade antioxidante dos extratos da casca e da flor da S. campanulata e o possível mecanismo de ação. Os extratos etanólicos da casca e da flor da S. campanulata mostrou possuir atividade antioxidante sobre a lipoperoxidação de microssoma hepático induzida por Fe3+-ácido ascórbico. O extrato da casca foi 5 vezes mais eficiente que da flor. O extrato da flor foi previamente complexado com concentrações crescentes de Fe3+ (20 - 100 µM) o qual resultou na perda da atividade antioxidante, demonstrando que esta está relacionada com a formação de complexo com o ferro. Por outro lado, a atividade antioxidante do extrato da casca não foi inibida pela prévia incubação com o ferro, embora haja a formação do complexo evidenciado pela análise espectral da solução. Estes resultados sugerem que o mecanismo antioxidante seja outro que não a complexação com o Fe3+. Portanto, o mecanismo antioxidante dos extratos da flor e da casca da S. campanulata é distinto entre si o que reflete a composição heterogênica do extrato e o mecanismo de ação.
Assuntos
Liriodendron/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Flores/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The isolation of 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (1) from Shultesia guianensis is reported along with relevant NMR spectra, including new data by two-dimensional NMR experiments (HMQC and HMBC).
Assuntos
Gentianaceae , Extratos Vegetais/química , Xantenos/química , Xantonas , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Eleven known compounds and a new prenylated naphthoquinone, lippsidoquinone (13), were isolated from ethanol extracts of Lippia sidoides. Their structures were established by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and EIMS spectral data analysis. The cytotoxic properties of compounds 3--13 were evaluated against HL60, SW1573, and CEM cell lines. Only tectol (6) and lippsidoquinone (13) exhibited significant activity against human leukemia cell lines HL60 and CEM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Naftoquinonas/química , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Aedes , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Biomphalaria , Brasil , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inseticidas/química , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificação , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Moluscocidas/química , Moluscocidas/isolamento & purificação , Moluscocidas/toxicidade , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
From the stem bark of Bowdichia virgilioides, lupeol, lupeol acetate, sitosterol, stigmasterol and methyl-3-[2-(1-hydroxymethylvinyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-5-yl]-(E)-2-propenoate have been isolated. The latter is a new compound and it has been named as bowdenol. Their structures were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques, mostly 1 and 2D NMR. The biogenetic pathway for bowdenol has been suggested.
Assuntos
Benzofuranos/isolamento & purificação , Fabaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Acrilatos/química , Acrilatos/metabolismo , Benzofuranos/química , Brasil , Catálise , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Casca de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , Ácido Chiquímico/química , Ácido Chiquímico/metabolismo , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Fosfatos Açúcares/química , Fosfatos Açúcares/metabolismo , Tirosina/química , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMO
The isolation and (13)C-NMR data of flavone derivatives from Bowdichia virgilioides roots are reported.