RESUMO
Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between selected industries and cancer is reviewed. This article will focus on several industries which have not been covered elsewhere in this volume, briefly describe current research on cancer in the agricultural and construction industries, and discuss surveillance data on cancer mortality in relation to industry listed on US death certificates. Employment in the rubber industry has been associated with bladder cancer, leukemia, stomach, and lung cancer and is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to have 'sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.' Studies of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have reported excess mortality from gastrointestinal neoplasms, hematologic neoplasms, and skin cancer (specifically malignant melanoma); IARC considers that the evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is 'limited.' Employment in the boot and shoe industry has been associated with nasal adenocarcinomas in England and Italy ('sufficient'). Hairdressers and barbers have been found to have excess bladder cancer and less consistent evidence for several other sites ('limited'). Workers exposed to wood dust have excess mortality from cancer of the nasal sinuses and paranasal cavities; there is less consistent evidence for excess laryngeal cancer ('sufficient'). Workers employed in the petroleum industry have limited evidence for excess leukemia and other lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms, and skin cancer (particularly malignant melanoma) ('limited').
Assuntos
Carcinógenos/efeitos adversos , Indústrias , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Agricultura , Indústria da Beleza , Materiais de Construção , Atestado de Óbito , Poeira/efeitos adversos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiologia , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Masculino , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias Nasais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/mortalidade , Petróleo , Bifenilos Policlorados/efeitos adversos , Vigilância da População , Borracha/efeitos adversos , Sapatos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , MadeiraRESUMO
Neonatal mortality examined by place and circumstances of delivery in North Carolina during 1974 through 1976 with attention given to home delivery. Planned home deliveries by lay-midwives resulted in three neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; planned home deliveries without a lay-midwife, 30 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; and unplanned home deliveries, 120 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. The women babies were delivered by lay-midwives were screened in county health departments and found to be medically at low risk of complication, despite having demographic characteristics associated with high-risk of neonatal mortality. Conversely, the women delivered at home without known prenatal screening or a trained attendant had low-risk demographic characteristics but experienced a high rate of neonatal mortality. Planning, prenatal screening, and attendant-training were important in differentiating the risk of neonatal mortality in this uncontrolled, observational study.