Anesthesia, Sedation, and Unplanned Extubation of Tracheal Intubation in Children with Severe Pneumonia.

We randomly divided 200 children with severe pneumonia who met the indications for tracheal intubation into 2 groups in this prospective study. One group that received dexmedetomidine for sedation was recorded as the dexmedetomidine group (n = 100), and the group that received midazolam for sedation was recorded as the midazolam group (n = 100). We compared the anesthesia sedation scores, time to fall asleep, time to wake up from anesthesia, related hemodynamic parameters, and adverse reactions between the two groups of children. The failure mode and effect analysis method (FMEA) was also used to investigate the causes of unplanned extubation (UEX) of tracheal intubation in 32 children with severe pneumonia. Our conclusion is as follows: (1) Compared with midazolam, the comprehensive effect of dexmedetomidine on children with severe pneumonia undergoing tracheal intubation for anesthesia and sedation is better, it can effectively shorten the anesthesia induction time and the recovery time after stopping the drug, and there are few adverse reactions, which is worthy of application and promotion. (2) UEX is an important risk factor in the monitoring and nursing of children with severe pneumonia tracheal intubation, and the nursing method of PDCA cycle management is particularly important for them.

Effect of music therapy on infants who underwent mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of music therapy on infants who underwent mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital in southeast China. The subjects were randomly divided into the music therapy (MT) group and the control group. Both groups were given standardized sedation treatment and routine nursing. Infants in the MT group received 60 min of MT three times a day. The sedation medication, Richmond sedation agitation scale (RASS) score, incidence of delirium, mechanical ventilation duration, length of cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) stay, restraint belt use time, and successful ventilation withdrawal rate were collected. RESULTS: Infants in the control group had a higher total amount of on-demand midazolam (p = .039). Infants in the MT group had a significantly lower incidence of delirium, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, and restraint band use time (p = .047, p = .046, and p = .038, respectively). Although infants in the MT group had a higher success rate of ventilation withdrawal, lower RASS scores, and shorter ICU stay, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .427, p = .585, and p = .068, respectively). CONCLUSION: MT in the ICU can reduce the use of on-demand sedative drugs, shorten mechanical ventilation, and reduce the occurrence of delirium in infants who underwent mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. MT is a safe and reliable treatment and worthy of clinical application.

The effect of music therapy on chronic pain, quality of life and quality of sleep in adolescents after transthoracic occlusion of ventricular septal defect.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of music therapy on chronic pain, quality of life, and quality of sleep in adolescent patients after transthoracic occlusion of ventricular septal defects. METHODS: Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received music therapy: a control group and a music group. The music group received 30 minutes of music therapy every day for 6 months after surgery. Patients in the control group received standard treatment and had 30 minutes of quiet time every day for 6 months after surgery. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the SF-36 scale and the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) was used as the evaluation tool for chronic pain, quality of life, and quality of sleep, respectively. RESULTS: In terms of the degree of postoperative chronic pain, the Pain Rating Index (PRI) emotion item score in the SF-MPQ evaluation of the music group was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.6 ± 1.1 versus 2.2 ± 0.9). The role emotional (RE) scores of the SF-36 in the music group were significantly higher than that in the control group (77.35 ± 18.55 versus 42.66 ± 22.63). KSQ scores were significantly higher in the music group than in the control group for sleep status (4.1 ± 1.0 versus 3.3 ± 0.9), falling asleep (3.9 ± 1.1 versus 3.1 ± 1.0), and not feeling refreshed by sleep (3.6 ± 1.3 versus 2.7 ± 0.9) (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily showed that music therapy could effectively reduce patients' chronic pain and improve quality of life and sleep after surgery. These results suggest that music therapy may be an essential therapy worth considering in managing patients' postoperative recovery after cardiovascular surgery.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Music Video Therapy and Music Therapy on Pain after Cardiothoracic Surgery in Preschool Children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of music video therapy on pain among preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS: Patients in the music video therapy (MVT) group received a 30-min music video intervention, while patients in the music therapy (MT) group received a 30-min musical intervention. Both groups were given their respective therapy three times a day for three days. Patients in the control group did not receive MVT or MV. Measures, including pain scores, vital signs (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation), and other postoperative indicators were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The MVT group showed a statistically significant decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate at the first day after surgery and pain scores at the first and second day after surgery compared to the MT group, but no significant difference was identified in oxygen saturation. The postoperative indicators including cumulative capacity of sufentanil use, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the length of hospital stay in the MVT group were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings provide further evidence to support the practice of music video therapy as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to reduce postoperative pain, reduce  the dosage of analgesics, shorten the length of ICU and hospital stay in preschool children after the cardiothoracic surgery.

The music video therapy in postoperative analgesia in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of music video (MV) therapy on early postoperative pain in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS: 116 preschool children undergoing cardiothoracic surgery were randomly divided into the MV and control groups from June 2019 to March 2020. The related vital signs parameters, the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale, the FLACC scale, the number of postoperative PCA press and the cumulants of sufentanil use were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in general characteristics and preintervention data between the two groups. However, there were significantly lower in the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, the number of postoperative PCA press, and the dosage of sufentanil in the MV group than those in the control group after the intervention. The Wong-Baker FACES and FLACC scales in the MV group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the time point of immediately after the first intervention, 1 day, and 2 days after the intervention. The two pain scores showed a downward trend over time, and the corresponding scores in the MV group were better than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: MV therapy can be an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention in the clinical to relieve children's postoperative pain after cardiothoracic surgery.

Impact of Music Therapy on Preoperative Anxiety and Degree of Cooperation With Anesthesia Induction in Children With Simple Congenital Heart Disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of music therapy (MT) on preoperative anxiety and degree of cooperation with anesthesia induction in children with simple congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN: A randomized controlled clinical study. METHODS: Ninety children were randomly assigned to the MT and control groups. The MT groups underwent a preoperative 30-minute session of MT, whereas the control group did not listen to any music and had the same amount of quiet time. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale-Short Form (mYPAS-SF) was used to evaluate the patients' preoperative anxiety on entering the anesthesia waiting area (T1), 10 minutes after entering the waiting area (T2), and during the initiation of anesthesia induction (T3); the degree of cooperation with anesthesia induction was assessed using the Induction Compliance Checklist. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (the time of successful anesthesia) were also recorded. FINDINGS: One child was excluded from the MT group, and one was excluded from the control group. No difference was found in the mYPAS-SF score, MAP, or HR between the two groups at T1. The mYPAS-SF scores of the MT group were significantly lower than those of the control group at T2 and T3. At T2, T3, and T4, the MAP and HR of the MT group were lower than those of the control group. A statistically significant difference was found in the Induction Compliance Checklist score between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: MT can reduce preoperative anxiety and improve the degree of cooperation with anesthesia induction.

Music Therapy for Early Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, and Sleep in Patients after Mitral Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of music therapy on early postoperative pain, anxiety, and sleep quality in patients after mechanical mitral valve replacement (MVR). METHODS: A total of 222 patients undergoing mechanical MVR were divided into two groups: the music group and the control group. The patients in the music group received 30 minutes of music therapy every day, whereas the patients in the control group had 30 minutes of quiet time. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain, and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the degree of early postoperative anxiety. We also recorded the sleep duration of the patients and used the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale to evaluate the sleep quality of the patients. RESULTS: The VAS scores in the music group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and early postoperative anxiety in the music group was also significantly improved compared with that in the control group. The sleep duration in the music group was significantly greater than that in the control group. In the evaluation of sleep quality using the VSH Sleep Scale, the scores for sleep interruption, sleep length, sleep depth, degree of rest, and subjective sleep quality in the music group were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy can be an effective intervention to reduce early postoperative pain, relieve early postoperative anxiety, prolong sleep time, and improve the sleep quality of patients after mechanical MVR.

Effect of Music Therapy on the Chronic Pain and Midterm Quality of Life of Patients after Mechanical Valve Replacement.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of music therapy on the chronic pain and midterm quality of life of patients after mechanical valve replacement. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they received music therapy. The patients in the music group received 30 minutes of music therapy every day for 6 months after the operation. The patients in the control group received standard treatment and had 30 minutes of quiet rest time every day in the same period. The short-form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was used to evaluate the degree of postoperative chronic pain, and the SF-36 was used to evaluate the midterm quality of life of patients. RESULTS: In terms of the degree of postoperative chronic pain, the score of the pain rating index (PRI) emotional item in the music group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In the evaluation of the postoperative midterm quality of life using the SF-36, the emotional function score in the music group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily showed that music therapy can effectively reduce chronic pain and improve midterm quality of life after surgery.

The effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety and depression in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety and depression in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: A retrospective study of 99 patients after coronary artery bypass from January 2017 to January 2019 was conducted in a cardiac center in China. According to the different interventions, all the participants were divided into 3 groups: group A: music therapy; group B: rest without music therapy; and group C: conventional treatment. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure the patient's pain, anxiety and depression before and after 30 min of the intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the NRS, SDS and SAS scores between the three groups of patients before the intervention. After 30 min of music therapy, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores of patients in group A were significantly lower than those before music therapy, and the differences were statistically significant. However, before and after the intervention in groups B and C, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores were not statistically significant. By comparison among the three groups after 30 min of intervention, the NRS, SDS and SAS scores in patients in group A were significantly lower than those in groups B and C, and the differences were statistically significant. The scores were not significantly different between groups B and C. CONCLUSION: Music therapy can effectively alleviate the pain, anxiety and depression of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Extensive Metabolic Profiles of Leaves and Stems from the Medicinal Plant Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a commercially and pharmacologically highly prized species widely used in Western Asian countries. In contrast to the extensive genomic and transcriptomic resources generated in this medicinal species, detailed metabolomic data are still missing. Herein, using the widely targeted metabolomics approach, we detect 649 diverse metabolites in leaf and stem samples of D. officinale. The majority of these metabolites were organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, nucleotides and their derivatives, and flavones. Though both organs contain similar metabolites, the metabolite profiles were quantitatively different. Stems, the organs preferentially exploited for herbal medicine, contained larger concentrations of many more metabolites than leaves. However, leaves contained higher levels of polyphenols and lipids. Overall, this study reports extensive metabolic data from leaves and stems of D. officinale, providing useful information that supports ongoing genomic research and discovery of bioactive compounds.

Selenium triggers Nrf2-mediated protection against cadmium-induced chicken hepatocyte autophagy and apoptosis.

Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitously distributed trace metal and environmental pollutant that is highly toxic to liver. Selenium (Se) may provide chemoprotection against Cd-induced cytotoxicity by augmenting the cellular antioxidant capacity. However, the mechanism of Se chemoprotection against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity is unclear. The present study evaluated the ameliorative properties of Se against Cd-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Primary cells were exposed to 5µM Cd and/or 1µM Se for 24h. Cellular morphology and function, antioxidant status, activation of Nrf2 pathway, autophagy and apoptosis were determined. These results indicated that Se ameliorated the cytotoxicity of Cd by recovering hepatocyte morphology and function, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, reducing intracellular LDH release, autophagy and apoptosis, and increasing the major antioxidative activities (Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In summary, Cd is a hepatotoxin that causes hepatocytes damage by inducing oxidative stress, excessive autophagy and apoptosis as a mechanism of toxicity. Moreover, Se supplement ameliorated these effects by enhancing antioxidant systems, decreasing excessive autophagy and apoptosis. These results suggested that Se triggers Nrf2-mediated protection as the mechanism of Se chemoprotection against Cd-induced autophagy and apoptosis.

Reporting quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses of acupuncture.

BACKGROUND: The QUOROM and PRISMA statements were published in 1999 and 2009, respectively, to improve the consistency of reporting systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) of clinical trials. However, not all SRs/MAs adhere completely to these important standards. In particular, it is not clear how well SRs/MAs of acupuncture studies adhere to reporting standards and which reporting criteria are generally ignored in these analyses. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate reporting quality in SRs/MAs of acupuncture studies. METHODS: We performed a literature search for studies published prior to 2014 using the following public archives: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database, the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), the Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database (CSJD), and the Wanfang database. Data were extracted into pre-prepared Excel data-extraction forms. Reporting quality was assessed based on the PRISMA checklist (27 items). RESULTS: Of 476 appropriate SRs/MAs identified in our search, 203, 227, and 46 were published in Chinese journals, international journals, and the Cochrane Database, respectively. In 476 SRs/MAs, only 3 reported the information completely. By contrast, approximately 4.93% (1/203), 8.81% (2/227) and 0.00% (0/46) SRs/Mas reported less than 10 items in Chinese journals, international journals and CDSR, respectively. In general, the least frequently reported items (reported≤50%) in SRs/MAs were "protocol and registration", "risk of bias across studies", and "additional analyses" in both methods and results sections. CONCLUSIONS: SRs/MAs of acupuncture studies have not comprehensively reported information recommended in the PRISMA statement. Our study underscores that, in addition to focusing on careful study design and performance, attention should be paid to comprehensive reporting standards in SRs/MAs on acupuncture studies.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris).

The complete nucleotide sequence of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) chloroplast genome (cpDNA) was determined in this study. The cpDNA was 149,637 bp in length, containing a pair of 24,439 bp inverted repeat regions (IR), which were separated by small and large single copy regions (SSC and LSC) of 17,701 and 83,057 bp, respectively. 53.4% of the sugar beet cpDNA consisted of gene coding regions (protein coding and RNA genes). The gene content and relative positions of 113 individual genes (79 protein encoding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes) were almost identical to those of tobacco cpDNA. The overall AT contents of the sugar beet cpDNA were 63.6% and in the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 65.9%, 70.8% and 57.8%, respectively. Fifteen genes contained one intron, while three genes had two introns.

Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for depression in the convalescent stage following cerebral hemorrhage.

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for depression in the convalescent stage following cerebral hemorrhage. A total of 60 cases of patients with depression in the convalescent stage following cerebral hemorrhage (2-6 months) were randomly divided into the treatment group (treated with HBO, 30 cases) and the control group (treated with Deanxit, 30 cases). Prior to treatment and at 4 weeks post-treatment, efficacy was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and nerve function defect scores. There was a significant difference in the total efficacy between the two groups (P<0.05), and a significant difference in the HAMD scores (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the pre- and post-treatment HAMD scores within the two groups (both P<0.05). HBO is able to significantly improve the degree of depression in the convalescent stage following cerebral hemorrhage and also promote nerve function recovery.

Nephroprotective effect of calcium channel blockers against toxicity of lead exposure in mice.

Exposure to lead (Pb) can induce kidney damage, which is related to induction of oxidative damage and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Pb can readily permeate through dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channels and accumulate within cells. The objective of this study was to investigate protective effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) verapamil and nimodipine on nephrotoxicity induced by Pb acetate in mice. One hundred and twenty male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, Pb, low-dose verapamil, high-dose verapamil, low-dose nimodipine and high-dose nimodipine (n=20 per group). Pb acetate was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 40 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days to establish the Pb toxicity model. While control mice received saline, mice of the treated groups simultaneously received i.p. injections of verapamil or nimodipine daily for 10 days. Both verapamil and nimodipine showed protection against Pb-induced kidney injury, including alleviation of renal pathological damage and decreasing the level of Pb in kidney homogenate and extent of apoptosis in nephrocytes. Moreover, verapamil and nimodipine significantly down-regulated levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the serum. In addition, verapamil and nimodipine administration decreased malondialdehyde content and increased activities of super oxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney homogenate. The findings in the present study implicate the therapeutic potential of CCBs for Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, which were at least partly due to the decrease of Pb uptake and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Effect of rosuvastatin on ROCK activity, endothelial function, and inflammation in Asian patients with atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and also decrease the formation of isoprenoid intermediates required for the activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. ROCK pathway plays pivotal roles in cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis. It has been implicated that inhibition of ROCK can reverse vascular dysfunction in humans with atherosclerosis. However, it is not clear whether statins, at doses used to lower cholesterol levels, inhibit ROCK activity in humans with atherosclerosis. METHODS: We treated 40 subjects with stable atherosclerosis with rosuvastatin 10 mg/day, or rosuvastatin 40 mg/day for 28 days in a randomized, double-blinded study. We assessed the change in the lipid levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), ROCK activity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery before and after statins therapy. RESULTS: Treatment with rosuvastatin 10 mg and 40 mg significantly reduced LDL cholesterol by 43.2% to 55.9% and increased FMD by 29.3% to 42.5% (p<0.05 for both compared with baselines). Both doses inhibited ROCK activity (p<0.05), and the extent of inhibition was greater with rosuvastatin 40 mg compared with 10 mg (p<0.05). Only rosuvastatin 40 mg significantly reduced hsCRP (p<0.05).There was no correlation between changes in ROCK activity and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.37, p>0.05 vs. r=0.41, p>0.05) among patients randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg group or 40 mg group. There was a correlation between ROCK inhibition and change in FMD among patients with rosuvastatin 10 mg therapy (r=0.43, p<0.05), and 40 mg therapy (r=0.54, p<0.05). Correlation was found between changes in ROCK inhibition and changes in CRP in rosuvastatin 40 mg/day group (r=0.47, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that high dose rosuvastatin exerts greater effects on LDL-C, ROCK activity, and CRP than low dose rosuvastatin. These findings provide clinical evidence that statins are effective in improving endothelium dysfunction by a cholesterol-independent mechanism in patients with atherosclerosis.